“反思社会学”,还是“反身社会学”--Reflexive Sociology汉译探析

对布迪厄思想关键词reflexive sociology,现至少有"反思社会学""反思性社会学""反观社会学""反身社会学""反身性社会学"等五种译法。鉴于"反思社会学"之"反思"混淆了reflexive和reflective,前者尚可译为"反身",后者除了"反思"再无词可译。使用"反思社会学"无异于让reflexive抢了reflective的地盘,而reflective在布迪厄著作中同样常见。reflexive本义即为"反身",且布迪厄赋予实践突出的意义,而实践仰仗行动者的身体。在汉语中,"身"有"我自己""你自己""他自己"之意,如"反求诸身";又有实践的意蕴,如"身体力行"。故建议使用"反身社会学"翻译reflexive sociology。

A Review of Environmental Sociology and the Sociology of Natural Resources:Insights for the Development of Environmental Sociology in China

Environmental sociology and the sociology of natural resources are two key subdisciplines of the sociological study on the interactions between nature and human society.Previous discussion on the relationships of these two fields has largely focused on their distinctions and synthesis in western(particularly American) academia.Environmental sociology emerged as an important sociological subdiscipline in China in the early 1990s and is under vigorous disciplinary construction at present.By contrast,the sociology of natural resources is still a novel term for most Chinese researchers.This article provides a systematic review of recent literature on the relationships between environmental and natural resource sociologies,which should provide important implications for the further development of environmental sociology in China.

Complex Systems Theory: Some Considerations for Sociology

This essay presents a reflection on the main implications of Complexity Theory for science in general, redefining and dispelling myths of traditional science, and Sociology in particular, suggesting a redefinition of Parsons’ classic concept of Social System, articulated around the property of self-maintenance of order rather than on its possible discontinuity and instability. It argues that Complexity Theory has established the limits of Classic Science, leading to a more realistic awareness of working and evolution mechanisms of Natural and Social Systems and showing the limits of our capacity to predict and control events. Dissipative structures have shown the creative role of time. Instability, emergence, surprise, unpredictability are the rule rather than the exception when systems move away from equilibrium (entropy), even if these processes are generated from a system’s deterministic working mechanisms. Therefore, we have come to realize how constructive the contribution of Complexity is, in regards to the long lasting problem of the relationship between order and disorder. Today, the terms of this relationship have been re-specified in its new configuration of inter-relationship link, according to a unicum which finds its synthesis in self-organization and deterministic chaos concepts. From this perspective, as Prigogine suggested, studies on Complex Systems are heading toward a historical, biological conception of Physics, and a new alliance between natural systems and living, social systems. Non-linearity, far from equilibrium self-organization, emergence and surprise meet at all levels, as this paper attempts to highlight. In Sociology, insights of Complexity Theory have contributed to a new way of thinking about social systems, by re-addressing some fundamental issues starting to social system, emergence and change concepts. The current social system conception as complex dynamical systems is supported by a profitable use of non-liner models (in particular, the Logistic map) in the study of social processes.

Chinese Sociology: “Chinese Learning” or “Western Learning”

Both the problem consciousness and research characteristics reflected in Chinese sociological traditions are closely connected with the changes and development of the contemporary Chinese society and thus have an impact on the basic features of Chinese sociology. The "for oneself" tradition of Chinese sociology has displayed a fully–open mind for the tradition, the core thought and issue resources of western sociology, and at the same time, it also reflects Chinese solid research on western traditions. This tradition is of great inspiration for us to reflect on the challenges and relevant disputes confronting Chinese sociology today, for how to define and think about the "Chinese learning" or "western learning" problem in Chinese sociology is at the same time a core issue both in the disputes between the theory and the methodology, and in interpreting Chinese "localized" sociology as a discipline.

Complexity and Sociology

This study focuses on the correlation between sociology and complexity and it operates a reflection on the deep epistemological and ontological meaning of complexity, revealing how complexity goes beyond the analysis of the global society and is linked to sociology itself and to the issue of its scientific trait. The study shows how complexity, rediscovered following the globalization processes, reconnects sociology with its own origins and concerns the issue of the relation of sociological science with its own object, that is to say, society and social order. In a more radical manner, the challenge of complexity is intertwined with the road of revisiting modern science and epistemological identifying among ＂order＂, ＂intelligibility＂, and ＂science＂. In such a vision, complexity, not only reconnects sociology to its obiect, but highlights how those traits considered as non-scientific residue of human and social sciences belong to the fundamental issue of scientific knowledge. The challenge of complexity is outlined, as questioning the idea according to which the ＂modern＂ science depletes the ＂scientific vision of the world＂.

Exploring Green Development From the Perspective of Sociology:Logical Basis,Constraints,and Optimization Paths

With the advancement of ecological conservation in China,the concept of green development has gained extensive acceptance and recognition.Exploring green development from the perspectives of environmental protection and sociology holds great theoretical value and practical significance in studying the issues related to green development.Firstly,this paper examines green development in light of the objective needs of the economic and social transformation in the international community and China,and deconstructed its underlying social logic.Secondly,it further investigates the social factors that restrict green development,encompassing social structures,social concepts,social systems,and social behaviors.Finally,within the framework of the“green”discipline system in environmental sociology,this paper proposes specific measures such as restructuring social systems and transforming production modes,lifestyles,and consumption patterns to promote green development.

Position and Perspective of Statistics in Sociology

The paper first gives a brief overview of the use of statistical methods in sociology in order to show the continuity and importance of these methods in the development of sociology as a science. Therefore, education of sociologists requires, among other things, training in statistical methods applicable in data processing and analysis in sociological research. Then the research continues with a comparative analysis of the curricula of undergraduate academic studies of sociology, and especially the presence of statistics teaching in them, in the Republic of Serbia and the neighbouring countries. Different programs of the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy in Novi Sad are analyzed together with the results of the students＇ evaluations for the academic years 2007/2008 and 2009/2010.

Sociology and Degrowth： Visions of Social Change, Entropy and Evolution in a Waydown Era

In the last few years, different sources pointed to a same message： industrial civilization had entered into an overshoot mode; the natural limits to growth had been already surpassed. This frontier does not wait for us in the future; it already belongs to our past. If population and the economy are truly beyond the limits, then current visions and theories of social change would be deeply perturbed. If the development era is approaching its end, then many sociological theories on current societies will share the same destiny： sustainable development doctrines between them. It is worth to examine theories that explicitly look at the social world which at least are not incompatible with it. Four different approaches are discussed in this context： governance of complexity, post-development and alternative local development, utopian sceneries of a prosperous waydown, visions of collapse and the die-off. As a conclusion, the paper accepts an evolutionary perspective supports that there are some potentials for conscious social change, but it does not justify the belief in a particular only line of history. This conclusion does not satisfy the desire of knowing the future; nevertheless it may be the only one possible. The future is not written. Neither in history nor in evolution; not even in the mixture of history and evolution that conforms us as inhabitants of the Earth.

A Study on Liang Shiqiu's Translation Theory from the Prospective of Translation Sociology

Translation activities,social environment and translators’individual particularities are combined in translation sociology which are provided broader theoretical perspective for translation studies.In this paper,Liang Shiqiu’s translation theory is analyzed from the perspective of translation sociology and there should be a new perspective which has expanded in the research of Liang Shiqiu’s translation theory.

The Strength of Training and Applied Research on Specialized Sociology to Contribute to the Social Science Development(Case Study in the Southern Region of Vietnam)

With the common trend of integration and accelerated industrialization-modernization,especially in the context of the current Industrial Revolution 4.0,the South is one of the areas where there are situations and requirements especially for training and research in social sciences in general,sociology in particular.Because,the issue is not only to contribute to the early recovery of the―human resource valley‖(specializing in the South West),facilitating the rapid development of human resources for―investment policy‖and early implementation of the―zoning,planning‖but also by many other economic,social,and cultural issues of the whole region…All have been asked to promote the training and applied research in sociology,especially in specialized sociology to contribute to the linking and promoting the active role of the social sciences with strategic issues and strategies related to the practical development of this land both in the immediate future and in the long run.

Sister Founders in Sociology： Democratisation of Contemporary Sociological Education

Sister＇s founders in sociology as a coin term are formed by Mary ]o Deegan, in order to explain, reintroduction to female stream sociological theory. Even though there are more than 52 women considered to be founders of sociology, they are still not recognized in sociology, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Aristotle＇s distinction between male and female, according to authoress Shipley, represents the key moment to ideological foundation of the women exclusion from academia and public life, because of their identification with natural and irrational. Results of wars, global ecological movements, and movements for the rights of the minorities were joined together in creation of significant subversion and counterpart of male stream patriarchal ordained theories in eco-feminist movement. The women and nature in male stream theories are considered to be the insignificant other, formed as counterpart for male principal which is culture, reason, and activity. Logic of dominance with its objectification, imperialism, colonialism, patriarchy, and European West racism must be rendered with the logic of nurturing as the prevailing concept of successful bioregional cooperation and interpersonal relationships, pacification and peace agreements. Postmodern sociology especially in works of Rosemarie Tong supports the admissions of all ＂exiled, alienated, deviant and marginal people＂, therefore, the posthuman society must involve the egalitarism in works of female and male in the sociology.

The Chinese-English Translation of Sun Tzu’s Art of War from the Perspective of Bourdieusian Sociology

The paper introduces the three core concepts of Bourdieu’s sociological theory and their application in translation studies.The paper then examines and discusses the English translation of The Art of War from Bourdieu’s sociological perspective and the perspective of ephemerality.A comprehensive and objective description of the different translations of the same original text in different historical periods,the strategies of the translators,and the social,historical and cultural factors affecting the translation process can lead to a deeper understanding and proper orientation of translation.

Sociology Between Research and the Society of Data

This paper focuses on how big data guide the construction of the interpretative schemata we use to understand the world and act in it.To this end,the essay describes the most significant new research elements and frontiers that sociology is obliged to address at present.While the prevailing literature advocates the need to promote data literacy,the idea we wish to advance is that it is necessary to foster the comprehension of data along with an understanding of the role and the responsibility which sociology has intrepidly assumed since its foundation,that is,the study and explication of the complexity of the relationships characterising social life always and everywhere.Our intent is to make a proactive contribution to the study of the digitality to bring to light perverse,unexpected and/or unwanted effects associated with naive use of big data for research purposes.

Felski’s Literary Sociological Thought From the Perspective of Actor-Network Theory

The relationship between literature and society has been a subject of continuous exploration since the inception of literature itself.On the one hand,from Plato’s theory of mimesis onward,literature has consistently been viewed as a representation of social reality,positioning literature as subordinate to society.On the other hand,with the rise of structuralism and the New Criticism,certain schools of thought have focused exclusively on literature itself,deliberately overlooking the complex connections between literature and society.The growing tension between these two perspectives has increasingly placed contemporary literary studies in a polarized state,leading to a crisis in the legitimacy of literary scholarship.In response to this,Rita Felski’s exploration of the uses of literature embodies a new literary sociology that offers a way out of the current impasse in literary studies.

The Empirical Analysis on the Dynamic Effect of Rural-urban Migration on the Consumption Growth of Residents in China——Based on Varying Parameter State-space Model

The research constructed varying parameter state-space model and per- formed estimation on dynamic relationship between urban-rural migration and aggre- gate consumption expenditure on basis of dual economic structure. The results showed that urban consumption growth made the most contribution to aggregate consumption growth, followed by urban-rural migration caused consumption. The role of rural consumption growth kept stable, but consumption caused by population growth was decreasing. Therefore, China consumption growth mainly relies on urban consumption expenditure and urban-rural migration.

Human Settlements in Rural-urban Fringe

On basis of human settlements theory, the research explored status quo of human settlements theory in rural-urban fringe, and analyzed and concluded predicaments confronted by rural-urban fringe, laying foundation for human settle- ments theory of rural-urban fringe.

Welfare effects of rural-urban land conversion on different aged land-lost farmers:exemplified in Wuhan city

Rural-urban land conversion is a universal phenomenon in the rapid process of economic development and urban growth.The welfare of farmers who lost their farmland attracted a widespread concern within the society and academia.However,further research about differentiated policies according to the characteristics of different farmer groups is still need to be conducted.This article divides the land-lost farmers into three age groups:younger than 45,45-65,and more than 65.It proposes a welfare index system including eight functional areas based on different age groups of affected farmers,taking four districts of Wuhan City as case study area.Fuzzy mathematics method is used to derive the aggregated welfare effect index.Our analysis show that the overall welfare levels of land-lost farmers of all age groups declined,but with a varying degree,with the level of welfare in those farmers who are 45-65 years old,younger than 45 years old,and older than 65 years old decreased by 18.7%,16.6%,and 12.7%,respectively.The direction and degree of effects on the functional activity index varies among different groups.Economic conditions,living environment,health,and social participation of all age groups decrease while social security and housing conditions increase.On the other hand,development opportunities,social communication,and leisure have different changing directions in different age stages.These results call for differentiated and tailor-made compensation policies for land-lost farmers,towards improving the welfare levels of all farmers and reduce the disparity among them.

Rural-urban Migration, Rural Household Income and Local Geographical Contexts——A Case of Northwestern Guangxi, China

This paper aims to examine New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM) in the northwestern Guangxi, China and investigate the relationships among rural-urban migration, rural household income and local geographical contexts. Stratified sampling and typical case study were adopted and 236 questionnaires were collected from four vil- lages, Daxin, Lixin, Longhe and Yongchang. We analyzed the rural-urban migration rate, household income and local geographical factors, focusing on the ratio of remittance income to total household income. Data descriptions and sta- tistical methods, such as Pearson Chi-square test, Contingency coefficient, Eta, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, multiple comparisons (LSD test, Tamhane T2, Dunnett T3 and Dunnet C test) were used. The results are as follows. Rural households’ income is diversified in survey villages so the motivation of rural-urban migration in the study area can be partly explained by NELM. The migration rate of households (the percentage of households with migrants in survey households) in survey villages varies from 50% to 86%, while the proportion of remittance income to house- hold income is in the range of 30% to 80%. In the village of Yongchang, with the least average arable land area per household, the remittance income plays a vital role in household income (80%). And the statistical findings show that the proportion is significantly and negatively correlated with arable land area per household. The conclusion is that di- rect effect of migration, i.e., the contribution of remittance to household income, is negatively correlated with the con- tribution of resources to local income.

Economic Growth, Demographic Change and Rural-Urban Migration in China

Is China able to maintain fast growth after three decades？ This paper tries to answer this question by： 1） arguing that factors contributed to sustained long-run growth at supply side;2） focusing on contributions of demographic dividend especially that of rural-urban migration;and 3） analyzing rural demographic change with information collected through village-wide household survey.Policy alternatives to realize remaining potential demographic dividend are proposed based on the analysis of changing rural demographic structure.

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rela- tionships among rural-urban migration,rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China.The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces,China.The migration and remittance status,household income and sustainable devel- opment of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas.And remittance is an important component in rural house- hold income.Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor,which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages.In total,the migration increases the rural household in- come and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.