Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume ...Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H.vastatrix.The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance,respectively.The review abord Coffea spp.defense response pathways involved in H.vastatrix pathogenicity.Additionally,current measures to control H.vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions,and biological and chemical control.Finally,new trendlines to reduce the impact of CLR as nanoparticles and nanotechnology were analyzed.展开更多
When a steel plate produced by a steel plant leaves the factory,its upper surface should be marked with the specification,variety,batch number,and other identifying information,and its side should be marked with a sid...When a steel plate produced by a steel plant leaves the factory,its upper surface should be marked with the specification,variety,batch number,and other identifying information,and its side should be marked with a side marking.The side marking contains the plate number,specification,batch number,and other information,which are convenient for customers to accurately identify relevant information after stacking.However,because of the influence of weather,environment,and other factors,the side marking becomes unidentifiable when the steel plate is corroded,affecting the customer’s loading,unloading,and other operations.The development and application of side anticorrosion devices and cleaning of finished heavy steel plates with antirust agents will solve the problem of unrecognizable side marking due to corrosion.展开更多
Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxi...Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxides with respect to the size and shape at the nanometer level remains challenging due to the easy oxidation of the ferrous species.Herein,we report a new synthetic strategy for the facile preparation of fibrous-like green rusts by using appropriate balancing anions(CO_(3)^(2-)and SO_(4)^(2-))in ethylene glycol to regulate the morphology.Depending on the type of the intercalating anion,the green rusts were converted into hematite with fibrous-or plate-like shapes upon thermal activation.When evaluated in the reaction of NO reduction by CO,these iron oxides showed a prominent shape-dependent catalytic behavior.The fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)was much more catalytically active and structurally robust than the plate-like analogue.Combined spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations on the nanostructured iron oxides revealed that the superior performance of the fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)stemmed from a facile Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4)redox cycle and a higher density of active sites for NO activation.展开更多
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathoge...Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathogen races. In this study, a new resistance gene against Pst race CYR34 was identified and predicted using the descendants of a cross between AS1676, a highly resistant Chinese landrace, and Avocet S, a susceptible cultivar. From a heterozygous plant from a F7recombinant inbred line(RIL) population lacking the Yr18 gene, a near-isogenic line(NIL) population was developed to map the resistance gene. An allstage resistance gene, YrAS1676, was identified on chromosome arm 1AL via bulked-segregant exomecapture sequencing. By analyzing a large NIL population consisting of 6537 plants, the gene was further mapped to the marker interval between KA1A_485.36 and KA1A_490.13, spanning 485.36–490.13 Mb on1AL. A total of 66 annotated genes have been reported in this region. To characterize and predict the candidate gene(s), an RNA-seq was performed using NIL-R and NIL-S seedlings 3 days after CYR34 inoculation. Compared to NIL-S plants, NIL-R plants showed stronger immune reaction and higher expression levels of genes encoding pathogenesis-associated proteins. These differences may help to explain why NIL-R plants were more resistant to Pst race CYR34 than NIL-S plants. By combining fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene was finally predicted as the potential candidate gene of YrAS1676. This gene contained a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The candidate gene was more highly expressed in NIL-R than in NIL-S plants. In field experiments with Pst challenge,the YrAS1676 genotype showed mitigation of disease damage and yield loss without adverse effects on tested agronomic traits. These results suggest that YrAS1676 has potential use in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.展开更多
Stem rust,caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici(Pgt),threatens global wheat production.Development of cultivars with increased resistance to stem rust by identification,mapping,and deployment of resistance genes is...Stem rust,caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici(Pgt),threatens global wheat production.Development of cultivars with increased resistance to stem rust by identification,mapping,and deployment of resistance genes is the best strategy for controlling the disease.In this study,we performed fine mapping and characterization of the all-stage stem rust resistance(Sr)gene Sr8155B1 from the durum wheat line 8155-B1.In seedling tests of biparental populations,Sr8155B1 was effective against six Chinese Pgt races tested.In a segregating population of 5060 gametes,Sr8155B1 was mapped to a 0.06-cM region flanked by markers Pku2772 and Pku43365,corresponding to 1.5-and 2.7-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes.Both regions include several typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)and protein kinase genes that represent candidate genes.Among them,three NLR genes and three receptor-like protein kinases were highly polymorphic between the parental lines and their transcripts were upregulated in the homozygous resistant line TdR2 relative to its susceptible sister line TdS4.Four markers(Pku2772,Pku43365,Pku2950,and Pku3721)developed in this study,together with seedling resistance responses,correctly predicted Sr8155B1 absence or presence in 78 tetraploid wheat genotypes tested.The presence of Sr8155B1 in tetraploid wheat accessions CItr 14916,PI 197492,and PI 197493 was confirmed by mapping in three F_(2)populations.The genetic map and linked markers developed in this study may accelerate the deployment of Sr8155B1-mediated resistance in wheat breeding programs.展开更多
Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and ...Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.展开更多
Sorbitol,triethanolamine,sodium benzoate,boric acid,and sodium carbonate were mixed to prepare a waterborne rust inhibitor.A temperature and humidity accelerated corrosion test was applied to investigate the corrosion...Sorbitol,triethanolamine,sodium benzoate,boric acid,and sodium carbonate were mixed to prepare a waterborne rust inhibitor.A temperature and humidity accelerated corrosion test was applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 steel and original Q235 steel,which was carried out in a temperature and humidity test chamber(WSHW-1000)at a temperature of 80℃and humidity of 95%.Compared with the original Q235,waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 has better resistance to corrosion in hot and humid ambient conditions.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were measured with a three-electrode cell in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution on a CHI760E potentiostat/galvanostat.Molecular dynamics was simulated to verify the synergistic corrosion inhibitory mechanism of sodium carbonate and triethanolamine.The test shows that the prepared waterborne rust inhibitor can reduce the tendency of Q235 to corrosion and can also effectively reduce the corrosion rate.展开更多
Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or compu...Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or computerassisted techniques.The experienced evaluators take time to identify the disease which is highly laborious and too costly.If wheat rust diseases are predicted at the development stages,then fungicides are sprayed earlier which helps to increase wheat yield quality.To solve the experienced evaluator issues,a combined region extraction and cross-entropy support vector machine(CE-SVM)model is proposed for wheat rust disease identification.In the proposed system,a total of 2300 secondary source images were augmented through flipping,cropping,and rotation techniques.The augmented images are preprocessed by histogram equalization.As a result,preprocessed images have been applied to region extraction convolutional neural networks(RCNN);Fast-RCNN,Faster-RCNN,and Mask-RCNN models for wheat plant patch extraction.Different layers of region extraction models construct a feature vector that is later passed to the CE-SVM model.As a result,the Gaussian kernel function in CE-SVM achieves high F1-score(88.43%)and accuracy(93.60%)for wheat stripe rust disease classification.展开更多
Disease prediction in plants has acquired much attention in recent years.Meteorological factors such as:temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,sunshine play an important role in a plan’s growth only if they are prese...Disease prediction in plants has acquired much attention in recent years.Meteorological factors such as:temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,sunshine play an important role in a plan’s growth only if they are present in adequate amounts as required by the plant.On the other hand,if the factors are inadequate,they may also support the growth of a disease in the plants.The current study focuses on the Rust disease in Aonla fruits and leaves by utilizing a real time dataset of weather parameters.Fifteen different models are tested for spray prediction on conducive days.Two resampling techniques,random over sampling(ROS)and synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)have been used to balance the dataset and five different classifiers:support vector machine(SVM),logistic regression(LR),k-nearest neighbor(kNN),decision tree(DT)and random forest(RF)have been used to classify a particular day based on weather conditions as conducive or non-conducive.The classifiers are then evaluated based on four performance metrics:accuracy,precision,recall and F1-score.The results indicate that for imbalanced dataset,kNN is appropriate with high precision and recall values.Considering both balanced and imbalanced dataset models,the proposed model SMOTE-RF performs best among all models with 94.6%accuracy and can be used in a real time application for spray prediction.Hence,timely fungicide spray prediction without over spraying will help in better productivity and will prevent the yield loss due to rust disease in Aonla crop.展开更多
文摘Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H.vastatrix.The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance,respectively.The review abord Coffea spp.defense response pathways involved in H.vastatrix pathogenicity.Additionally,current measures to control H.vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions,and biological and chemical control.Finally,new trendlines to reduce the impact of CLR as nanoparticles and nanotechnology were analyzed.
文摘When a steel plate produced by a steel plant leaves the factory,its upper surface should be marked with the specification,variety,batch number,and other identifying information,and its side should be marked with a side marking.The side marking contains the plate number,specification,batch number,and other information,which are convenient for customers to accurately identify relevant information after stacking.However,because of the influence of weather,environment,and other factors,the side marking becomes unidentifiable when the steel plate is corroded,affecting the customer’s loading,unloading,and other operations.The development and application of side anticorrosion devices and cleaning of finished heavy steel plates with antirust agents will solve the problem of unrecognizable side marking due to corrosion.
基金Zhejiang Normal University for providing the financial support(YS304320035)。
文摘Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxides with respect to the size and shape at the nanometer level remains challenging due to the easy oxidation of the ferrous species.Herein,we report a new synthetic strategy for the facile preparation of fibrous-like green rusts by using appropriate balancing anions(CO_(3)^(2-)and SO_(4)^(2-))in ethylene glycol to regulate the morphology.Depending on the type of the intercalating anion,the green rusts were converted into hematite with fibrous-or plate-like shapes upon thermal activation.When evaluated in the reaction of NO reduction by CO,these iron oxides showed a prominent shape-dependent catalytic behavior.The fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)was much more catalytically active and structurally robust than the plate-like analogue.Combined spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations on the nanostructured iron oxides revealed that the superior performance of the fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)stemmed from a facile Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4)redox cycle and a higher density of active sites for NO activation.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Agricultural Science and Technology of China (NK20220607)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272059 and31971883)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (2022ZDZX0014, 2021YFYZ0002, 2021YJ0297, and23NSFTD0045)。
文摘Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici(Pst), threatens wheat production worldwide, and resistant varieties tend to become susceptible after a period of cultivation owing to the variation of pathogen races. In this study, a new resistance gene against Pst race CYR34 was identified and predicted using the descendants of a cross between AS1676, a highly resistant Chinese landrace, and Avocet S, a susceptible cultivar. From a heterozygous plant from a F7recombinant inbred line(RIL) population lacking the Yr18 gene, a near-isogenic line(NIL) population was developed to map the resistance gene. An allstage resistance gene, YrAS1676, was identified on chromosome arm 1AL via bulked-segregant exomecapture sequencing. By analyzing a large NIL population consisting of 6537 plants, the gene was further mapped to the marker interval between KA1A_485.36 and KA1A_490.13, spanning 485.36–490.13 Mb on1AL. A total of 66 annotated genes have been reported in this region. To characterize and predict the candidate gene(s), an RNA-seq was performed using NIL-R and NIL-S seedlings 3 days after CYR34 inoculation. Compared to NIL-S plants, NIL-R plants showed stronger immune reaction and higher expression levels of genes encoding pathogenesis-associated proteins. These differences may help to explain why NIL-R plants were more resistant to Pst race CYR34 than NIL-S plants. By combining fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene was finally predicted as the potential candidate gene of YrAS1676. This gene contained a single-nucleotide polymorphism. The candidate gene was more highly expressed in NIL-R than in NIL-S plants. In field experiments with Pst challenge,the YrAS1676 genotype showed mitigation of disease damage and yield loss without adverse effects on tested agronomic traits. These results suggest that YrAS1676 has potential use in wheat stripe rust resistance breeding.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201300)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(ZR202211070163)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(ZR2021ZD30,ZR2021MC056)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province.
文摘Stem rust,caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici(Pgt),threatens global wheat production.Development of cultivars with increased resistance to stem rust by identification,mapping,and deployment of resistance genes is the best strategy for controlling the disease.In this study,we performed fine mapping and characterization of the all-stage stem rust resistance(Sr)gene Sr8155B1 from the durum wheat line 8155-B1.In seedling tests of biparental populations,Sr8155B1 was effective against six Chinese Pgt races tested.In a segregating population of 5060 gametes,Sr8155B1 was mapped to a 0.06-cM region flanked by markers Pku2772 and Pku43365,corresponding to 1.5-and 2.7-Mb regions in the Svevo and Chinese Spring reference genomes.Both regions include several typical nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)and protein kinase genes that represent candidate genes.Among them,three NLR genes and three receptor-like protein kinases were highly polymorphic between the parental lines and their transcripts were upregulated in the homozygous resistant line TdR2 relative to its susceptible sister line TdS4.Four markers(Pku2772,Pku43365,Pku2950,and Pku3721)developed in this study,together with seedling resistance responses,correctly predicted Sr8155B1 absence or presence in 78 tetraploid wheat genotypes tested.The presence of Sr8155B1 in tetraploid wheat accessions CItr 14916,PI 197492,and PI 197493 was confirmed by mapping in three F_(2)populations.The genetic map and linked markers developed in this study may accelerate the deployment of Sr8155B1-mediated resistance in wheat breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771783)the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province,China(2021YFYZ0002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2018HH0130 and 2022YFH0105)。
文摘Aegilops umbellulata(UU)is a wheat wild relative that has potential use in the genetic improvement of wheat.In this study,46 Ae.umbellulata accessions were investigated for stripe rust resistance,heading date(HD),and the contents of iron(Fe),zinc(Zn),and seed gluten proteins.Forty-two of the accessions were classified as resistant to stripe rust,while the other four accessions were classified as susceptible to stripe rust in four environments.The average HD of Ae.umbellulata was significantly longer than that of three common wheat cultivars(180.9 d vs.137.0 d),with the exception of PI226500(138.9 d).The Ae.umbellulata accessions also showed high variability in Fe(69.74-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(49.83-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents.Three accessions(viz.,PI542362,PI542363,and PI554399)showed relatively higher Fe(230.96-348.09 mg kg^(-1))and Zn(92.46-101.65 mg kg^(-1))contents than the others.The Fe content of Ae.umbellulata was similar to those of Ae.comosa and Ae.markgrafii but higher than those of Ae.tauschii and common wheat.Aegilops umbellulata showed a higher Zn content than Ae.tauschii,Ae.comosa,and common wheat,but a lower content than Ae.markgrafii.Furthermore,Ae.umbellulata had the highest proportion of γ-gliadin among all the species investigated(Ae.umbellulata vs.other species=mean 72.11%vs.49.37%;range:55.33-86.99%vs.29.60-67.91%).These results demonstrated that Ae.umbellulata exhibits great diversity in the investigated traits,so it can provide a potential gene pool for the genetic improvement of these traits in wheat.
基金Funded by Key Scientific Research Projects Plan of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.19A460025)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51809127)。
文摘Sorbitol,triethanolamine,sodium benzoate,boric acid,and sodium carbonate were mixed to prepare a waterborne rust inhibitor.A temperature and humidity accelerated corrosion test was applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 steel and original Q235 steel,which was carried out in a temperature and humidity test chamber(WSHW-1000)at a temperature of 80℃and humidity of 95%.Compared with the original Q235,waterborne rust inhibitor coated Q235 has better resistance to corrosion in hot and humid ambient conditions.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were measured with a three-electrode cell in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution on a CHI760E potentiostat/galvanostat.Molecular dynamics was simulated to verify the synergistic corrosion inhibitory mechanism of sodium carbonate and triethanolamine.The test shows that the prepared waterborne rust inhibitor can reduce the tendency of Q235 to corrosion and can also effectively reduce the corrosion rate.
文摘Wheat rust diseases are one of the major types of fungal diseases that cause substantial yield quality losses of 15%–20%every year.The wheat rust diseases are identified either through experienced evaluators or computerassisted techniques.The experienced evaluators take time to identify the disease which is highly laborious and too costly.If wheat rust diseases are predicted at the development stages,then fungicides are sprayed earlier which helps to increase wheat yield quality.To solve the experienced evaluator issues,a combined region extraction and cross-entropy support vector machine(CE-SVM)model is proposed for wheat rust disease identification.In the proposed system,a total of 2300 secondary source images were augmented through flipping,cropping,and rotation techniques.The augmented images are preprocessed by histogram equalization.As a result,preprocessed images have been applied to region extraction convolutional neural networks(RCNN);Fast-RCNN,Faster-RCNN,and Mask-RCNN models for wheat plant patch extraction.Different layers of region extraction models construct a feature vector that is later passed to the CE-SVM model.As a result,the Gaussian kernel function in CE-SVM achieves high F1-score(88.43%)and accuracy(93.60%)for wheat stripe rust disease classification.
文摘Disease prediction in plants has acquired much attention in recent years.Meteorological factors such as:temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,sunshine play an important role in a plan’s growth only if they are present in adequate amounts as required by the plant.On the other hand,if the factors are inadequate,they may also support the growth of a disease in the plants.The current study focuses on the Rust disease in Aonla fruits and leaves by utilizing a real time dataset of weather parameters.Fifteen different models are tested for spray prediction on conducive days.Two resampling techniques,random over sampling(ROS)and synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)have been used to balance the dataset and five different classifiers:support vector machine(SVM),logistic regression(LR),k-nearest neighbor(kNN),decision tree(DT)and random forest(RF)have been used to classify a particular day based on weather conditions as conducive or non-conducive.The classifiers are then evaluated based on four performance metrics:accuracy,precision,recall and F1-score.The results indicate that for imbalanced dataset,kNN is appropriate with high precision and recall values.Considering both balanced and imbalanced dataset models,the proposed model SMOTE-RF performs best among all models with 94.6%accuracy and can be used in a real time application for spray prediction.Hence,timely fungicide spray prediction without over spraying will help in better productivity and will prevent the yield loss due to rust disease in Aonla crop.