Impact of the economic crisis and drug shortage on Lebanese cancer patients’care

BACKGROUND As a consequence of the economic crisis,the sociopolitical instability and the advent of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic,nested challenges faced the Lebanese healthcare system.These have resulted in critical shortages of essential resources,including medications vital for oncologic patients.AIM To assess the ramifications of the ongoing economic crisis on oncology patient care focusing on our outpatient oncology department.METHODS A questionnaire was distributed during the month of February 2022 to oncology patients in Hôtel Dieu de France University Hospital in Beirut during their outpatient therapy.The primary objective was to assess the far-reaching impact of the economic crisis on patient care and the resulting psychological implications.RESULTS Among 182 interviewed patients,31.87%experienced treatment interruption mainly due to acute drug shortages.Despite 87.91%of the patients benefiting from third-party coverage,69.60%had to self-pay for their medications leading to 69.78%of patients perceiving that healthcare was more difficult to access after 2020.Psychologically,one-third of the patients exhibited symptoms of anxiety and/or depression,with 7 patients reporting suicidal ideations.Notably,37.93%of patients who interrupted cancer treatment reported a history of comorbidities,and 89.66%who altered their treatment cited financial difficulties.CONCLUSION Lebanese cancer patients face complex challenges spanning economic,healthcare,and psychological realms.Income inequalities exacerbated by the economic crisis hindered healthcare access.

Nutritional Status of Children during and post-Global Economic Crisis in China

Objective To describe the impact of the global economic crisis on the nutritional status of children in China during and after the crisis.Methods Data from 1990 to 2010 were sourced from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System.Approximately 16 000 children under 5 years old were selected using a stratified random cluster method from 40 surveillance sites.Anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements for children under 5 were conducted.Nutritional status was determined according to WHO child growth standards.Results Prevalence of underweight and stunting in children under 5 had a downward trend.Underweight prevalence was close to normal （less than 5%）,with prevalence of stunting 12.6% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2010 in rural areas.Prevalence of stunting in infants under 6 months and 6‐12 months old in poorer rural areas increased from 5.7%‐9.1% and 6.7%‐12.5%,respectively,in 2008‐2009.This trend also continued post‐crisis in 2010.Prevalence of stunting in children left behind by mothers was 20%‐30% higher than in children the same age in general and poorer rural areas.Prevalence of anemia in children did not change in rural areas,but prevalence of anemia in all age groups increased in poorer rural areas,especially in children under 24 months old.Level reached 30%‐40% in 2009,and fluctuated in 2010.Conclusion The nutritional status of children under 5 was comparatively stable during and after the global economic crisis,attributable to the Chinese government＇s policy response.The nutritional status in poorer rural areas fluctuated in response to the economic crisis and,thus,relevant action and intervention must be taken immediately to help the most vulnerable population in poorer rural areas.A proper national nutritional strategy for children under 2 years old,including nutrition supplementation for pregnant women and in‐home fortification for complementary feeding,should be initiated.

Global imbalances,the financial crisis and China's economic recovery

This paper examines the inherent relationship between the global imbalance and the financial crisis from historical review and a survey of the literature.This paper sets up a two-country model featured by monetary hegemony showing that the financial crisis of 2008 is interrelated with the United States’ expansionary monetary policy and the hegemony of the U.S.dollar.This paper then analyses the impact of the crisis and the policy responses,focusing on the preconditions for China’s economic recovery.Through an international comparison,we argue that one of the Great Depression’s lessons is that the exorbitant government intervention in some areas was harmful and that the necessary condition for China’s recovery is economic flexibility,namely,resilient market mechanisms.

Greek Political Language during the Economic Crisis—A Network Analytic Approach

In this paper, we seek to analyze pre-electoral political language in Greece with the use of Social Network Analysis. For this analysis, we collected data from the pre-elections speeches of five political leaders from the 20th of September 2015 Greek general elections. We proceed to form, analyze and compare networks of words with an emphasis on financial vocabulary. Findings can provide interesting insights into how political leaders structure their speeches, evaluate important issues and use economic terms and political rhetoric, while different structural patterns can reveal the differences between political parties. Finally, we check whether the overall networks follow the general rules of real-life networks by belonging to the small-world or scale-free categories.

Opportunities of manufacture under global economic crisis： The case of Estonia

Because of the smallness of Estonia, its main source of economic growth is export, i.e. successful sales in the world market. It is necessary to shift from branches, activities and value chains where it is difficult to increase value added, to more profitable and promising ones. The present economic situation provides for this an exceptionally good chance. All kinds of development, international relocation of production and reallocation of economic power in the world are gathering speed. It is necessary to rapidly find an opportunity in the ＂declining＂ market, a profitable niche. Manufacturing entrepreneurs and executive managers have for several years already been complaining of shortage of workforce that hinders them carrying out new business plans, increasing production and exports. Increased supply of workforce dismissed from construction is an opportunity for the forced development of the manufacturing export sector and sharp increase in exports.

Montenegrin Print Media Manipulation in the Circumstances of Economic Crisis

The economic crisis, which has spread all over the world, soon has become a major scoop for all media. We hear about the effects of the economic crisis on a daily basis----countries going bankrupt, toppled governments, high unemployment rate, lay-offs, and suicides caused by hopeless situation. Montenegrin media also pay considerable attention to economic problems. However, judging by the headlines, the media have no aim to provide citizens with objective reporting of the circumstances in the country. Instead, in the circumstances of economic crisis and depending on their editorial policy, they are trying to manipulate the public. Some portray the situation better than it actually is, failing to provide realistic information of the issues such as unemployment rate, inflation, average wages, and protests of dissatisfied citizens, while the others are focused on attacking their political opponents by hyping up the effects of economic crisis and portraying the events in the worst possible light. Basically, both are driven primarily by their own interests and not by the interests of the citizens.

Hungarian Economic Policy Measures After the 2008 Financial Crisis

The 1923 Global Economic Crisis （also called ＂The Great Depression＂） that had hit the whole world, caused the economists and politicians to see more clearly. As it has become obvious several times after World War II., deep changes were needed to be done concerning economic processes. In those times, many smaller crises had risen in different countries, affecting their micro-economic structures, however neither of them had such widespread effects as the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, that has struck several economic sectors, most of all, the finance industry. Numerous studies had been carried out, examining the causes and consequences of the 2008 Crisis. In this study the authors will give an organized overview on the circumstances that characterized the outbreak of the crisis, and focus on the impacts of the events, in particular, its effects on Hungary. To manage the crisis, each country used different economic approaches, took different measures, but the main concept, that economic processes needed strict regulations, was globally accepted, or at least, identified. Regulation of the financial sector, more specifically, of accounting standards was and is of paramount importance. At the outbreak of the crisis, Hungarian economy had been in a unique situation, and directly after 2008, Hungarian economic indicators showed a more favorable economic state compared to Western European countries. This has occurred because of the government＇s stabilization fiscal and economic policies in the years preceding the depression, when they had been trying to compensate the financial and economic decisions made during the previous years. But these indicators soon have changed and began to demonstrate a more realistic picture and showed the true economic state of the country. Besides the financial area, the Crisis had affected-on account of foreign currency lending--a wide range of the Hungarian society as well.

Currency Systems and Their Role in Entering and Leaving the Economic Crisis

The paper focuses on a comparison of two contrasting approaches： having a single universal currency in a given fiscal area or supporting a concurrent presence of more competing currencies of different types. A systemic analysis （based on studying both conventional and unorthodox literature） of the modern monetary system points out that the very type of money that is used suffers internal errors that make a crisis inevitable. The indebtedness is systemic and unavoidable in a currency that is issued as a liability. Parallel currencies are proposed as a general solution. A specific solution, including a redefined national currency, is offered too, with an outline of its possible experimental verification. Such a system could help to prevent the next economic crisis, mitigate it, or at least facilitate its leaving. The paper also deals with criticism that is held against the idea of concurrent currencies.

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body and the Member States,is concerned with finalizing directives and future development strategies.Of course,the fundamental objective of the European Union would be to establish strategies to ensure economic growth in all the Member States of the European Union and,on the other hand,to establish how each Member State seeks to implement the European directives aimed at this end desideratum.There are a number of areas in which some countries,especially those that have joined European Union in recent waves,still have difficulty responding to the European Union’s desires and concerns to ensure economic growth,with a tendency to level the playing field trains in the next period.It aims at establishing a minimum wage in the European Union,divides a number of other issues in the field of environment,in the field of economic development,being important challenges for all Member States.Of course,it should be noted that these Member States have different possibilities to respond to these challenges,through strategies that correlate,on the one hand,the individual interests of each of the Member States,but at the same time,in close coordination(correlation)with the major objectives set by the European Union.All these aspects are important,but must be reconsidered,in the context of the global effect of the pandemic and financial-economic crisis.The European Union is now considering a program to support all states,but especially those most affected by the above-mentioned crisis.

Understanding the Impact of Economic Crisis on the Distribution of Organizational Decision-Making Authority

Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.

Becoming Adults During an Economic Crisis： What Happens to the Second Generations？

The paper presents findings of an empirical study carried out in an Italian area and focused on the effects of the economic crisis on immigrant families： the goal was to identify how the difficulties of these years （not only socio-economic but also in terms of negative attitudes toward immigrants） affect on the life-paths of second generations. What happens to their school career？ Are they forced to leave school in order to improve the family＇s income？ Are they sent back to the country of origin of their parents to reduce life-costs in the immigration country？ Thanks to a collection of around 30 interviews with young people between 18-24 years old and 30 interviews with both parents and social workers, the strategies which families are choosing to face economic and labour difficulties and their effects on integration paths and inter-ethnic relations will be described.

The United States： Economic Crisis, Productive Restructuring and the New Precarious Labor Conditions

The contemporary economic crisis should be considered within the framework of the contradictions created by the neoliberal model that was adopted in the mid-1970s, in the United States and throughout much of the world. The changes in the labor market and new forms of workforce exploitation based on deregulation, the increase of off-shoring, and flexible hiring practices have led to ＂new＂ precarious labor conditions. Due to the crisis, the United States labor market has been characterized by four factors： the increase of the unemployment, the unedited growth of the informal sector, a dramatic increase in precarious labor conditions for all workers, especially young people, minorities, and immigrants, and the increasing wage polarization. However, capitalist profit rates have actually substantially increased due to neoliberal policies and the resulting economic crisis. This situation led to a rise in the overexploitation of labor. It has had subsequent effects on unemployment, informal work, precarious labor conditions, and unequal salary distribution, especially in recently created positions. Increased labor flexibility has changed the typical forms of wage employment, and stable employment has been replaced by temporary and part-time employment usually with low wages and without social security and benefits.

China's Fumiture Industry——How to Deal with Foreign Teehnical Barriers to Trade in the Global Economic Crisis

At present,the global economic crisiscontinues to spread across the world.Theeconomies of all countries are sliding into aslump,trade protectionism is gaining ground,andexport orders have declined substantially for productprocessing and trading enterprises.Chinesefurniture companies are suffering from certainnegative impacts.China,as a large furniture producer,should draw lessons from this global economiccrisis.Furniture companies should enhancetheir capabilities of independent innovation andbrand building,increase product quality,and addvalue.In order to reduce losses from foreign technicalbarriers to trade,relevant departmentsshould strengthen their ability to respond to foreigntechnical regulation,standard,conformity assessment,inspection,and quarantine.Because agreat variety of environmental regulations areemerging endlessly,furniture companies must doa good job of producing green label certificationand actively respond to green trade barriers.

The Diffusion of Bilateral Tendencies in the Common Trade Policy of the European Union During the Global Financial and Economic Crisis

In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.

Textile Machinery Sector Takes on Economic Crisis,but Requests Urgent Measures

Preliminary year-end 2008 figures for Italy’s textile machinery industry register a 18% drop in production compared to the previous year,with a total production value estimated at 2,285 billion Euros.This decline affects both Italy’s domestic market and export sales.

Subprime Mortgage Crisis and the Exchange Rate Channel: Evidence from Six Countries of the Zone Euro-Med

This article proposes to assess the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis on the exchange rate channel in 6 countries of the Euro-Med zone. To do this, our analysis is based on three evaluation methods that allow us to conclude that the exchange rate channel is better evaluated by the non-linear approach of the countries studied. Thus, the depreciation of the exchange rate adopted by the countries of the Med zone did worse macroeconomic stability and economic convergence.

Nonlinear Differential Equation of Macroeconomic Dynamics for Long-Term Forecasting of Economic Development

In this article we derive a general differential equation that describes long-term economic growth in terms of cyclical and trend components. Equation is based on the model of non-linear accelerator of induced investment. A scheme is proposed for obtaining approximate solutions of nonlinear differential equation by splitting solution into the rapidly oscillating business cycles and slowly varying trend using Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky averaging. Simplest modes of the economic system are described. Characteristics of the bifurcation point are found and bifurcation phenomenon is interpreted as loss of stability making the economic system available to structural change and accepting innovations. System being in a nonequilibrium state has a dynamics with self-sustained undamped oscillations. The model is verified with economic development of the US during the fifth Kondratieff cycle (1982-2010). Model adequately describes real process of economic growth in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. It is one of major results that the model gives a rough estimation of critical points of system stability loss and falling into a crisis recession. The model is used to forecast the macroeconomic dynamics of the US during the sixth Kondratieff cycle (2018-2050). For this forecast we use fixed production capital functional dependence on a long-term Kondratieff cycle and medium-term Juglar and Kuznets cycles. More accurate estimations of the time of crisis and recession are based on the model of accelerating log-periodic oscillations. The explosive growth of the prices of highly liquid commodities such as gold and oil is taken as real predictors of the global financial crisis. The second wave of crisis is expected to come in June 2011.

Athens in Crisis, Sustainable Mobility and Climate Change

Athens, a metropolis characterized by agglutination and compactness, but at the same time facing numerous urban and transport issues, saw its population swell during the 20th century which led to extensive urbanization phenomena. This continued urbanization increases profoundly all urban activities with transportation being the key driver in energy consumption. Theories for sustainable cities prerequisite are the integration of a number of acts in order to reduce energy consumption, with mobility being the first consideration among others. The aim of this paper is to critically explore implemented policies and plans as well as forthcoming strategic plans in terms of sustainable mobility as imposed in large scale regeneration plans in contemporary Athens. Research focuses on strategic interventions since the 1980s, such as the Athenian Daktylios （ring road for circulation management） and its later adjustments, the upcoming pedestrianization and unification of the commercial triangle and its subsequent tram line extension as well as the notable implementation of the metropolitan cycling network. Moreover, the discussion takes into consideration the implications of the Greek economic crisis in mobility choices, as aimless travels have been reduced to a minimum, several cars have been abandoned and cyclists seem to tentatively claim some space in the urban environment. What will likely be the next day in the Athenian historic centre？ Considering the transformations that are expected in the immediate future, this research paper explores their potential to enhance urban environment, reduce climate change impacts and amplify resilience.