Assessment and Rehabilitation of Damaged Buildings in Historic Benghazi City

The primary focus of the study is to assess and classify the damage in the old Benghazi City.Specifically,it aims to evaluate buildings within a designated area,which is bordered by Umar Ibn Al-Aas Street to the south,Omar Al-Mukhtar Street to the north,Ben Issa Street to the east,and the extension of Gamal Abdel Nasser Street to the west.The main objective is to gather valuable insights and data that can support effective rehabilitation or reconstruction efforts.By comprehending the extent of the damage and categorizing it accordingly,the study seeks to provide essential information for decision-making processes and determine the most appropriate approach for restoration.The ultimate aim is to ensure the safe return of residents to the affected area.In addition to this,the restoration process aims to preserve and revitalize the city’s religious,historical,and distinctive features.This includes safeguarding religious structures,landmarks,and elements that contribute to the city’s unique identity.To achieve this,the study proposes separate rehabilitation schemes tailored for ordinary buildings and historic buildings.

Preliminary Research on Water Supply,Drainage,and HVAC Equipment in Shanghai Historic Buildings During the Northern Warlord Period

During the Northern Warlord Period(1912–1928),the construction industry in Shanghai underwent robust development.As an integral element of buildings,equipment served both functional purposes and stood witness to the evolution of the economy and society,thus earning its place as part of the architectural heritage.However,due to various reasons,there are many loopholes in the protection of these building equipment.This paper examines the development of building equipment in Shanghai during the Northern Warlord Period,using water supply,drainage,and heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems as examples.Through historical context analysis,it summarizes this development from a social-spatial perspective,infers the reasons behind it,and analyzes the importance of preserving such equipment,considering both past and present viewpoints.In this research,the importance of protecting historical building equipment is emphasized,which aims to give people a deeper understanding of their cultural value,and suggests that scholars conduct more practical research on their protection.

Protection Countermeasures of Historic Campus Buildings in China

Historic buildings on campuses of China have gradually disappeared because their representative value has not been fully understood. This study, on the basis of analyzing problems in current protection of historic campus buildings, elaborated connotations and protection significance of these buildings, proposed basic principles and concrete measures for the protection, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the protection of such buildings.

Urban Public Spaces and Design of Historical and Cultural Buildings——Series II of Urban Public Space Design

This paper summarized concept and role of urban public space, highlighted its role in emotional exchange, cultural exchange, and business communication, and the significance of showing inside image of the city in terms of morality and residents' quality. Combining with design of historical and cultural buildings, the paper explored the forms of historical and cultural buildings in urban public spaces from the perspectives of administration square, religious square, cultural square and commercial street, so as to design "human-concerned" urban public spaces that meet human needs and reflect personality of the city.

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

Maintenance Awareness of Student Group about College Historical Buildings

In order to investigate the maintenance awareness of student group on historical buildings in colleges,this paper employs fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and determines the evaluation system of maintenance awareness.Through sampling survey,it s found that maintenance awareness of college students belongs to medium level,and emotional identity level is high.However,protection behavior is little,which is due to the lack of protection knowledge and college propaganda.What s more,the usage of historical buildings also affects the maintenance awareness level.

Study on Properties of Blue-Brick Masonry Materials for Historical Buildings

There are a large number of historic buildings which were mainly made of blue-brick masonry in today’s world.However,for the natural and man-made reasons,these historic buildings have been damaged in different degrees.In order to protect historic buildings more scientifically and learn about the preservation state of existing historic buildings,it is necessary to ascertain the material properties of blue brick in historic buildings.The article takes the blue bricks of historical buildings in Kaifeng area of the Central Plains as an example to study.Through the analysis of physical properties,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of blue brick specimens,the physical properties such as the apparent density,moisture content,porosity,and material structure composition are understood.The results show that the apparent density of blue brick is 1.64 g/cm^(3),the moisture content is 10.23%,the 24 h atmospheric water absorption is 17.86%,and the porosity is 20.99%.The smaller the apparent density is,the larger the porosity is,and the water absorption performance is better.From the microscopic point of view,bonding ability between blue brick mineral particles is relatively weak.The pores between skeletons are large and the pore structure is obvious.From the perspective of material phase,the elements of blue brick are mainly O,Si,Al,Fe,and the composition of blue brick is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar.The softening coefficient of blue brick is 0.80,and the deformation and stability of the structure should be paid special attention in the rainy season or wet environment.Through the frost test,there are salt substances in the internal pores of the brick,and the surface of the blue brick is eroded and pulverized.In this paper,the experimental process and analysis methods for testing the material properties of blue brick can provide reference for the research on the material properties of the same kind of blue-brick masonry in historic buildings and masonry relics.The relevant material property parameters obtained in this paper can provide guidance for making protection schemes and scientific repairs for historic buildings in Central China,enrich the evaluation criteria for maintaining and reinforcing historic buildings,and provide theoretical support for studying the damage and health detection technology related to historic buildings.

1980—2022国内骑楼历史街区研究进展——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

使用CiteSpace对知网近40年2519篇骑楼历史街区研究论文进行关键词共现聚类分析,通过知识图谱追踪研究热点时间线,结果表明:(1)骑楼研究发文量在2007年、2010年、2017年出现了三个峰值,整体研究趋势与国家相关政策文件发布时间紧密相关;(2)骑楼历史街区探究从时间维度上经历了骑楼建筑研究起步期、骑楼历史街区更新与保护研究拓展期与骑楼历史街区资源保护传承活跃期三个阶段;(3)从空间维度上涵盖了骑楼单体建筑微观层面研究、骑楼历史街区集群中观层面研究和骑楼历史文化宏观层面研究.目前关于骑楼历史街区的研究普遍偏向于单尺度层面,缺乏地域背景下的多视角同步推进与发展的思考,需要加强从微观到宏观的多尺度、多元化研究,以促进骑楼历史街区自然、经济、社会和文化资源的协同保护与可持续利用.

Ambient Vibration Testings and Field Investigations of Two Historical Buildings in Europe

In this study,the methodology and results of ambient vibration-based investigations of the historical Tash Mosque in Kosovo and a 3-story historical building in Bulgaria are presented.The investi gations include full-scale in situ testing of both structures due to ambient vibrations induced by micro-seismic,wind,traffic,and other human activities.To this aim,Ranger seismometers and Kinemetric products were used.Measurements were performed in both horizontal directions in several points along the structures'height utilizing a high-speed data acquisition device.All recorded data have been analyzed and processed by the software developed at IZIIS,and then the processed data were used as input for modal analysis.The basic assumption is that the excitation can be considered as a stationary random process to have a relatively flat spectrum.The paper clearly describes the procedure used for investigations and presents the dynamic properties of the whole structures.The inv estigated structures are both historical buildings and defined as architectural heritage and the outcome of this study including the natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes)can be very benefi-cial for the verification stage of the analytical/numerical models for future retro-fiting/rehabilitation schemes.

Energy retrofit and conservation of a historic building using multi-objective optimization and an analytic hierarchy process

When deciding on the best historic building retrofit,energy savings and thermal comfort can be quantitatively evaluated using an energy model,whereas conservation compatibility is intrinsically qualitative and reflects the perspective of the local heritage authority. We present a methodology that permits finding and comparing optimal retrofits for historic buildings in a multi-perspective and quantitative way. We use an analytic hierarchyprocess to quantify conservation compatibility by distilling a conservation score from the opinions of 10 experts in the field. This score,along with energy needs for heating and cooling and thermal comfort,are the three targets of a multi-objective optimization aimed at identifying optimal retrofits for a medieval building in the north of Italy,destined to become a museum. Retrofit measures considered were different kinds of external and internal envelope insulation,improvement of airtightness,replacement of windows,and ventilative cooling. The result is a portfolio of optimal retrofits that cover the whole range of conservation compatibility. We showthat in the analyzed case heritage preservation is compatible with a four-fold reduction in energy needs at a high thermal comfort level. Even higher energy savings are only achievable at the cost of heritage degradation.

基于AHP-DS异质数据融合的建筑空间占用感知算法

智慧建筑智能控制系统旨在优化建筑物的建筑空间舒适度及能源分配,近年来受到了广泛关注,而建筑空间占用信息对智慧建筑管理系统的决策具有重要作用。现有建筑空间占用感知方法尚未针对如何融合具有不确定性、冲突性的多源数据问题提出有效解决方案,基于此,本文将D-S证据理论引入建筑空间占用预测中,并构建了基于建筑空间占用检测的mass函数确保D-S证据理论在该应用中的性能。另外,本文引入层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)解决多源异构数据源间的冲突所导致的建筑空间占用误测的问题,以提升感知精准度和系统性能。

Restoration of an Ottoman Historical Building in Istanbul

Preservation of historical buildings is an important issue to save our cultural heritage is both a record of life and history.In recent years,the Turkish government starts urban transformation projects that include renewal and restoration of some historical buildings belongs to the Ottoman period.This paper presents the details of a restoration project of a historical building in Istanbul.The selected restoration and strengthening technique aim to save the original architectural fabric of the building that has been changed among the past decades.The building is used as a chest diseases clinic in Istanbul University hospital.The building was built at the late Ottoman period and composed of four building blocks.The structural system of the buildings is mainly unreinforced masonry walls.Seismic performance analysis results of the building before and after the proposed restoration scheme indicated that the resorted building is able to withstand future earthquakes safely.

The Reuse of Historic Buildings as a Preservation Practice

This paper aims to discuss the concept of reuse as a preservation practice for historic buildings.One of the inherent characteristics of architecture is use.It is among the necessary conditions for its preservation.Thus,considering cultural assets and the architectural heritage of different historical moments,currently recognized as depository of artistic,social and memory values,worthy of being preserved,the issue of reuse assumes relationships that go beyond pragmatic aspects to become a cultural matter.To this end,it can be observed the debate about the reuse of heritage buildings has been gaining prominence in the academic and technical sphere of construction.In May 2018,the 5th International Forum on Architectural Heritage Brazil-Portugal(FIPA)took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.This event had as a study dimension the reuse while a preservationist practice.That is why the methodology used to structure this text is bibliometrics,in other words,this study was based on papers presented at the event in direct dialogue with the concept under analysis.In this context,it is observed the attribution of a new use,compatible with the characteristics of pre-existing structures,which becomes an important preservation tool.

The Vascular Vegetation Populating the Flora in Building Materials of Historic Monuments Cities of the West Central Region of Morocco

In the concern of the preservation of the main historic monuments of the cities of Rabat and Sale (Morocco), a botanical study was conducted in 2009. The prospecting of these monuments allowed raising an inventory of the flora populating their building materials, and it has proved that this flora is rich and diversified. Indeed, it consists of 171 adventitious species distributed in 46 botanical families. The most represented families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae. They supply, to them only 49.7% of the specific size. The annual therophytes and the dicotyledon are dominant with respectively 66.7% and 84.7% of the specific size. Nevertheless, the presence of more than 20 species of trees and perennials constitutes a serious danger for bulwarks walls, especially by the phenomenon of fissuring by the action of the huge roots of these vegetables. These vegetables fitting into are placed on joints or cracks fissures have a chemical action on stones by acids that they release, and also a mechanical action by the growth of roots inside cracks fissures. They remain one of these are one of the important biological factors of the degradation of historic monuments. It is to note that the bulwarks walls of the site of Chella (Roman ruins) present more floral diversity than the other canvassed monuments (91 species) that are 53% of the total size.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Repair and Replacement of the Timber Element in Historic Buildings

During the modern city construction,the conservation of the historic buildings is especial important,for the future development is based on the historic accumulation.Timber element,which is the common material in the historic buildings,always sufferd by the varies natural or man-made factors,and finally lead to huge threaten to the entire structure.The conservation methods often changing according to the different circumstances and degree of destruction.This paper has introduced two approaches,repair and replacement,compared the advantages and disadvantages of each,and then summary the application of two methods in the light of conservation principle.

Solutions for the Rehabilitation of Historical Building Facades with Local Materials

The present research aims to identify the possibilities of rehabilitation of building facades in the centre of Chisinau, through the use of high-performance materials, use of high-performance technologies in execution, reduction of facade renovation costs, etc. In the process of organising the rehabilitation works of historical buildings of architectural value, we are dealing with the following: the value of the rehabilitation works of a historical building is very high, the duration of the rehabilitation is important, the attitude of the society is insufficient, the lack of strategies for the rehabilitation of buildings at the municipality level. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to research the following tasks: definition of the concept of rehabilitation of buildings in the Historic Centre of Chisinau;legislative, normative assurance of rehabilitation of historical heritage in the Republic of Moldova;analysis of the situation in Chisinau on the example of historical buildings with limestone finishes and examination by non-destructive methods of facades;solutions for rehabilitation of facades of historical buildings by comparing two types of technologies. In conclusion, emphasis will be placed on the choice of the most efficient method in terms of material, technology and cost.

Effects of a Building’s Density on Flow in Urban Areas

The effects of a building＇s density on urban flows are investigated using a CFD model with the RNG k - ε turbulence closure scheme. Twenty-seven cases with different building＇s density parameters （e.g., building and street-canyon aspect ratios） are numerically simulated. As the building＇s density parameters vary, different flow regimes appear. When the street canyon is relatively narrow and high, two counterrotating vortices in the vertical direction are generated. The wind speed along streets is mainly affected by the building＇s length. However, it is very difficult to find or generalize the characteristics of the street-canyon flows in terms of a single building＇s density parameter. This is because the complicated flow patterns appear due to the variation of the vortex structure and vortex number. Volume-averaged vorticity magnitude is a very good indicator to reflect the flow characteristics despite the strong dependency of flows on the variation of the building＇s density parameters. Multi-linear regression shows that the volume-averaged vorticity magnitude is a strong function of the building＇s length and the street-canyon width. The increase in the building＇s length decreases the vorticity of the street-canyon flow, while, the increase in the street- canyon width increases the vorticity.