Integration of energy recovery network including recycling residual pressure energy with pinch technology

Work exchange is a promising innovative technology in recovering residual pressure energy. However, at the systematic level, the comprehensive utilization of different energy resources in an energy system has become an issue of concern. In this work, a systematic approach is proposed, one that successively integrates heat, work and adjusts operation parameters. A detailed procedure for building a heat-work coupling transfer network is provided. The synthesis mainly consists of constructing a work exchange sub-network with pinch analysis based on positive displacement type work exchangers. Simultaneously, another kind of sub-network based on turbine-type work exchangers is built as a schematic comparison. The influence of applying a positive displacement work exchanger on the system is investigated. Finally, as a case study, a renovation design of a typical rectisol process in the coal-water slurry gasification section of an ammonia plant is presented. The results show that the added work exchanger has little impact on the existing heat exchange sub-network. Moreover,extra pressure energy is recovered by coupling the transfer network. It is concluded that the heat-work systematic design is a promising and powerful method to use energy more efficiently.

A Survey on a Heat Exchangers Network to Decrease Energy Consumption by Using Pinch Technology

There are several ways to increase the efficiency of energy consumption and to decrease energy consumption. In this paper. the application of pinch technology in analysis of the heat exchangers network （HEN） in order to reduce the energy consumption in a thermal system is studied. Therefore, in this grass root design, the optimum value of △Tmin, is obtained about 10℃and area efficiency （a） is 0.95. The author also depicted the grid diagram and driving force plot for additional analysis. In order to increase the amount of energy saving, heat transfer from above to below the pinch point in the diagnosis stage is verified for all options including re-sequencing, re-piping, add heat exchanger and splitting of the flows. Results show that this network has a low potential of retrofit to decrease the energy consumption, which pinch principles are planned to optimize energy consumption of the unit. Regarding the results of pinch analysis, it is suggested that in order to reduce the energy consumption, no alternative changes in the heat exchangers network of the unit is required. The acquired results show that the constancy of network is completely confirmed by the high area efficiency infirmity of the heat exchanger to pass the pinch point and from of deriving force plot.

Optimizing Low-Temperature Heat Recovery in a Refinery Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit Based on Pinch Analysis

In this paper, the research was focused on optimizing low-temperature heat recovery to adopt multi-effect distil- lation （MED） in desalination by pinch technology. And further analysis indicated that phase changes occurred during the heat recovery process. In such case, the feed stream was divided into two streams： the liquid feed stream and the gaseous feed stream. Through calculation, the optimal ATmin was established at 26℃, and the total cost of heat exchange process was only $1.098× 106. By using the Problem Table Algorithm for pinch analysis, the temperature of the hot and the cold steams was 119℃ and 93 ℃, respectively. At a temperature higher than 119 ℃, all heat of the hot stream could not be cooled by the condenser, and the minimum heat load of utility （QH.min） was 440457.64 kW; and at a temperature below 93 ℃, all heat of the cold stream could not be provided by the heater, and the minimum cold load of utility （QC.min） was 1965993.85 kW. Finally, the synthesis of heat exchanger network was established through integrating two heat exchanger networks.

Coupling pinch analysis and rigorous process simulation for hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery

In refineries,some hydrogen-rich streams contain considerable light hydrocarbons that are important raw materials for the chemical industry.Integrating hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery can enhance the reuse of both hydrogen and light hydrocarbons.This work proposes an automated method for targeting hydrogen networks with light hydrocarbon recovery.A pinch-based algebraic method is improved to determine the minimum fresh hydrogen consumption and hydrogen sources fed into the light hydrocarbon recovery unit automatically.Rigorous process simulation is conducted to determine the mass and energy balances of the light hydrocarbon recovery process.The targeting procedures are developed through combination of the improved pinch method and rigorous process simulation.This hybrid method is realized by coupling the Matlab and Aspen HYSYS platforms.A refinery hydrogen network is analyzed to illustrate application of the proposed method.The integration of hydrogen network with light hydrocarbon recovery further reduces fresh hydrogen requirement by463.0 m^(3)·h^(-1) and recovers liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline of 1711.5 kg·h^(-1) and 643 kg·h^(-1),respectively.A payback period of 9.2 months indicates that investment in light hydrocarbon recovery is economically attractive.

Assessment and Risk Zonation of Landslides in Panxi Area Based on 3S Technology

Based on field survey located by GPS, it is obtained landslides＇ location and distribution information by the method of remote sensing in this paper. The vector data of environmental factors that breed and induce landslides such as the elevation, the slope, the vegetation cover, the lithology, the rainfall and so on are gained using GIS（geographical information system） techniques of spatial analysis. All the data obtained are managed through building landslide management system. At the same time, the system is made the platform to appraise the relationship between the distribution of landslides and the environmental factors. The results indicate： landslides take place relatively easily in the slope range between 10° and 25°; most landslides are in the mixed area of bush and grass with a coverage degree of from 20° to 65°; the distribution of landslides has a positive relationship with the distribution of annual rainfall. The risk degree of Panxi Area is zoned and mapped by the model of liner stack using GIS technique, and the result indicates： the place of high risk degree is the belt of Panzhihua-Miyi-Dechang-Mugu and southeast of Huili county and Huidong county,and area is about 512 707 hm^2.

基于加权D-S证据理论的旋翼故障诊断

旋翼作为直升机的升力面和操作面,其健康状态对直升机的安全至关重要。旋翼故障诊断技术仍是直升机健康与使用监测系统(Health and usage monitoring system, HUMS)领域的薄弱环节,开发旋翼故障诊断技术具有重要价值。基于信息融合技术,首先分析了旋翼故障的诊断机理,建立了旋翼故障模型,通过流固耦合仿真获取了不同故障下桨叶、轮毂和机身的故障特征信息,生成数据集进行网络训练和验证。然后,利用遗传算法反向传播(Genetic algorithm-backpropagation, GA-BP)优化神经网络诊断3种类型的直升机旋翼故障,即后缘调整片误调、变距拉杆误调和桨叶质量不平衡。3个逐级神经网络分别对旋翼故障类型、故障位置和故障程度进行了诊断识别。最后采用加权的Dempster-Shafer(D-S)证据理论对旋翼故障进行诊断和分析。结果证明基于改进D-S证据理论的旋翼故障诊断方法能够成功应用到旋翼故障诊断中,并具有良好的识别效果。

ZTE's IP Multicast Technology

The multicast technology is an integration of a series of multicast protocols and a set of corresponding control management models, authentications and billing methods. It has its unique advantages in one-to-many and many-to-many multimedia service applications. The network-wide multicast technology is based on a series of multicast-related protocols. This article introduces multicast protocols and technologies used in ZTE' s data products in terms of application environments. Moreover, it discusses ZTE's solution to multicast's controllability, manageability, security, operability and the added values the solution brought.

Designing and Realization of Database Platform of County Agricultural Production Technology in Yunnan Province

According to the objective reality in Yunnan Province,such as great difference of weather,a great proportion of minorities,technological backwardness of agricultural production,low conversion rate of research accomplishments,and a limited number of agricultural technical personnel,ASP.NET technique and SQL Server 2005 database technique are adopted.Database platform of county agricultural production technology in Yunnan Province is established by using B/S structure.This platform includes presentation layer,application layer,and data layer,involving regional information,technology column information,technology classification information,technology content and other databases.It has six functional modules,namely information browse,system management,regional maintenance,technical section maintenance,category maintenance and technical information release,integrating crop cultivation,livestock breeding,economic forest management,plant protection,agricultural products processing,agricultural machinery use and other agricultural technical information.This platform can exchange information dynamically with the client,perform the query request from users,and send the result to users.This database platform has friendly interface,profuse information,high pertinency and so on,which offers rich and reliable information resources to farmers,agricultural technical personnel,and government.At present,this platform has been popularized in some areas of Yunnan Province and has obtained good results.

Methods of extracting change information and updating land use/cover map based on 3S technology

A fully automated approach for detecting land use/cover change using remote sensing data, GIS data, GPS data is presented. The integrating raster with vector methods of updating the basic land use/land cover map based on 3S technology is becoming one of the most important developing directions in 3S application fields, land-use and cover change fields over the world. It has been successful applied in two tasks of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China, and takes some benefit.

Intensive care environment: Perspective of relatives of critically ill patient sustained by health technology

The intensive care unit(ICU)is a complex setting by nature,and some have described it as bizarre due to its numerous sirens that sound when anything is dangerous,constant activity,equipment,bright lights,and high fatality rate.The demands placed on nurses to care for critically ill patients in this environment frequently prevent nurses and other health‑care professionals from acknowledging the feelings of patient’s relatives or family caregivers,resulting in a hostile environment from the patient’s relative’s perspective.When a patient’s family enters the ICU,they feel that hospital administrators do little to nothing to alleviate their discomfort and fear.Despite research demonstrating the importance of providing a homely environment for patients’families,In Nigeria ICU is still far behind how a conventional ICU environment should be structured to accommodate patient’s relations in the unit.The goal of this study was to look at the patient’s relative’s perspective on providing care for a critically ill patient in an ICU,with a focus on the unit’s complexity and overall experience.Based on the findings of this study,we recommend that hospital administrators ensure that the environment of the upcoming ICU is designed to meet the needs of patient’s relatives by addressing identified environmental concerns,like caring neglect,by providing a friendly and stress‑free environment.

Progress in Technology of Main Liquid Rocket Engines of Launch Vehicles in China

Liquid propellant rocket engines for a launch vehicle are an essential aerospace technology, representing the advanced level of hi-tech in a country. In recent years, China’s aerospace industry has made remarkable achievements, and liquid rocket engine technology has also been effectively developed. In this article, the development processes of China’s liquid rocket engines are discussed. Then, the performance features of China’s new generation liquid rocket engines as well as the flight tests of the new-generation launch vehicles are introduced. Finally, the development direction and the most recent progress of the next generation large-thrust liquid rocket engine is presented.

Inevitability and Emergent Problems of Science &Technology Innovation Access to Integration

The causes and the problems of integration of scientific ＆ technical innovation （ISTI） and inevitability are proposed. The status of domestic scientific ＆ technical innovation is analysed. A series of emergent managerial problems caused by the system ISTI （SISTI） are pointed out. Because of Hall three dimensions structure＇s enlightenment, a three dimensional logical net diagram in which the system integration of innovation based on problem in real world but not on disciplinary logic is drawn. The intelligent group＇ s need span is greater under the conditions of relatively low material level than common groups who have lower degree of education. The SISTI is composed by multi-rule and intelligent multi-agent behavior. It is concluded that the logical relationships of integrated technology which based on the author＇s experience and observation must be considerded for a valid management of SISTI.

A Brief Review of 3S Technology Application on Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment

Remote sensing,geographic information system and GPS(3S)technology have been well recognized as comprehensive,accurate and up-to-date information collection methods,which are increasingly adopted in biodiversity conservation.This review summarizes the application of object-oriented classification methods on biodiversity monitoring projects based on high-resolution remote sensing imagines in China.Biodiversity conservation research based on GIS technology in China is also discussed,with emphasis on the advantages of GIS analysis and modeling function.

A Morphology-Driven Method for Measuring Technology Complementarity:Empirical Study Involving Alzheimer’s Disease

Purpose:Measuring the exact technology complementarity between different institutions is necessary to obtain complementary technology resources for R&D cooperation.Design/methodology/approach:This study constructs a morphology-driven method for measuring technology complementarity,taking medical field as an example.First,we calculate semantic similarities between subjects(S and S)and action-objects(AO and AO)based on the Metathesaurus,forming clusters of S and AO based on a semantic similarity matrix.Second,we identify key technology issues and methods based on clusters of S and AO.Third,a technology morphology matrix of several dimensions is constructed using morphology analysis,and the matrix is filled with subjects-action-objects(SAO)structures according to corresponding key technology issues and methods for different institutions.Finally,the technology morphology matrix is used to measure the technology complementarity between different institutions based on SAO.Findings:The improved technology complementarity method based on SAO is more of a supplementary and refined framework for the traditional IPC method.Research limitations:In future studies we will reprocess and identify the SAO structures which were not in the technology morphology matrix,and find other methods to characterize key technical issues and methods.Furthermore,we will add the comparison between proposed method and traditional and mostly used complementarity measurement method based on industry chain and industry code.Practical implications:This study takes medical field as an example.The morphology-driven method for measuring technology complementarity can be migrated and applied for any given field.Originality/value:From the perspective of complementary technology resources,this study develops and tests a more accurate morphology-driven method for technology complementarity measurement.

Plan of Using Modern Agriculture High-New Information Technology for Building Stable Nation Commercial Grain and Green Agriculture Base of China

The North-East China is nation commercial grain base of China.It provides important grain supply for other areas of the country every year.The nation and modern farmers are looking for advanced technological solutions to increase production and preserve environment.Considering of this aim,this paper introduce a new planning that using 3S technology to develop precision farming,explaining its technology frame,operation steps and advantages.On the other hand,this paper also introduce the concept of precision farming and discusses the role of 3S technology as a data collection,management and analysis tool.

Orientation of Government's Role in Building the Technology System of Circular Agriculture

This article expounds the economic characteristics of circular agricultural technology.Since the circular agricultural technology has characteristics and externality of public goods,the government participation is necessary in building the technology system of circular agriculture,in order to avoid "free rider" behavior in the consumption of public goods and internalize externality.We analyze the orientation of government's role in building the technology system of circular agriculture:the government is the leader,designer,organizer and regulator in building the technology system of circular agriculture;the government orientates the four roles precisely in building the technology system of circular agriculture,to ensure that they do not cross the line,but be indispensable all the while.

Research of 3S technology applied in land reclamation of minefield

Based on the basic theory description of 3S,and gave the example of dump of Hanzhou open-pit which belongs to Fuxin Mining Group,first of all,used the GPS tech- nology of static and RTK to get the three-dimensional position of the points in survey con- trol network and the topographic maps before and after the reclamation in reclamation area;used the technology of GPS RTK to calibrate the geometric elements designed in land reclamation,at the same time to get the actual coordinates of the design point after layout.Then,used RS technology to supervise systematically on land reclamation of min- ing area from the time to space;finally,used GIS technology to display 3-D visualization, analyze,manage,and enquire the date obtained by GPS and RS data,which can facilitate the decision decision-makers to plan land reclamation current and long-term,and can be extended to other mines which have same or similar conditions.

Application of 3S Technology in Dynamic Monitoring of Capital Farmland

Firstly,this paper introduces current situations of protection of capital farmland. According to current situations,it analyzes significance in protecting capital farmland and significance and functions of application of 3S technology in dynamic monitoring of capital farmland. With the aid of examples,it discusses functions of remote sensing and GIS in dynamic monitoring of capital farmland. It is believed that 3S technology not only can provide accurate parcel data of capital farmland changes for reviewing land change survey,but also can provide data for monitoring development situations of capital farmland,as well as provide basic current information for decision-making department.

Dynamic Variation of Land-use Types of the Constructed Wetland before and after Oil-field Water Irrigation Based on 3S Technology

[Objective] The study aimed at analyzing the dynamic variation of land-use types of the constructed wetland before and after oil-field water irrigation based on 3S technology. [Method] At semi-arid and arid areas in the west of Jilin Province, water resource balance between the amount of oil-field water supply and ecological water requirement in the constructed wetland irrigated by oil-field water during 2001-2010 was investigated firstly. Afterwards, based on 3S technology, the partition and dynamic variation of land-use types of the constructed wetland before and after oil-field water irrigation in 2001, 2006, 2008 and 2010 were analyzed. [Result] The annual ecological water requirement of the constructed wetland from 2003 to 2010 varied from 1.62×106 to 2.24×106 m3, and the annual amount of oil-field water supply in the region changed from 2.12×106 to 2.84×106 m3, which showed that the supply amount of oil-field water could meet the basic ecological water requirement of the constructed wetland. Meanwhile, compared with 2001, the areas of water region and paddy field in 2010 increased by 2.3 and 10.0 times, and the areas of forest and marsh rose by 40.15% and 29.5.0% respectively. [Conclusion] Water shortage and ecological environment problem of arid and semi-arid areas had been improved by oil-field water irrigation.

Next Generation Network Enabled by ZTE's Softswitch Technology

Softswitch technology integrates the su-periorities of both an intelligence net-work and the Internet, which embodiesits maturity and advancement. With ahierarchical network model, it effectivelysolves problems of evolution and convergenceof current communication networks. It also fol-