Olive Leaf Disease Detection via Wavelet Transform and Feature Fusion of Pre-Trained Deep Learning Models

Olive trees are susceptible to a variety of diseases that can cause significant crop damage and economic losses.Early detection of these diseases is essential for effective management.We propose a novel transformed wavelet,feature-fused,pre-trained deep learning model for detecting olive leaf diseases.The proposed model combines wavelet transforms with pre-trained deep-learning models to extract discriminative features from olive leaf images.The model has four main phases:preprocessing using data augmentation,three-level wavelet transformation,learning using pre-trained deep learning models,and a fused deep learning model.In the preprocessing phase,the image dataset is augmented using techniques such as resizing,rescaling,flipping,rotation,zooming,and contrasting.In wavelet transformation,the augmented images are decomposed into three frequency levels.Three pre-trained deep learning models,EfficientNet-B7,DenseNet-201,and ResNet-152-V2,are used in the learning phase.The models were trained using the approximate images of the third-level sub-band of the wavelet transform.In the fused phase,the fused model consists of a merge layer,three dense layers,and two dropout layers.The proposed model was evaluated using a dataset of images of healthy and infected olive leaves.It achieved an accuracy of 99.72%in the diagnosis of olive leaf diseases,which exceeds the accuracy of other methods reported in the literature.This finding suggests that our proposed method is a promising tool for the early detection of olive leaf diseases.

Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform(EWT)for a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system,where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure.This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals,resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line.During internal line faults,the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines.Conversely,for faults external to the line,the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines.EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals,allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy.The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary.Moreover,simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles,distances to faults,and fault transition resistances.

Performance of Continuous Wavelet Transform over Fourier Transform in Features Resolutions

This study presents a comparative analysis of two image enhancement techniques, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), in the context of improving the clarity of high-quality 3D seismic data obtained from the Tano Basin in West Africa, Ghana. The research focuses on a comparative analysis of image clarity in seismic attribute analysis to facilitate the identification of reservoir features within the subsurface structures. The findings of the study indicate that CWT has a significant advantage over FFT in terms of image quality and identifying subsurface structures. The results demonstrate the superior performance of CWT in providing a better representation, making it more effective for seismic attribute analysis. The study highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate image enhancement technique based on the specific application needs and the broader context of the study. While CWT provides high-quality images and superior performance in identifying subsurface structures, the selection between these methods should be made judiciously, taking into account the objectives of the study and the characteristics of the signals being analyzed. The research provides valuable insights into the decision-making process for selecting image enhancement techniques in seismic data analysis, helping researchers and practitioners make informed choices that cater to the unique requirements of their studies. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of the field of subsurface imaging and geological feature identification.

Enhanced Fourier Transform Using Wavelet Packet Decomposition

Many domains, including communication, signal processing, and image processing, use the Fourier Transform as a mathematical tool for signal analysis. Although it can analyze signals with steady and transitory properties, it has limits. The Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) is a novel technique that we suggest in this study as a way to improve the Fourier Transform and get beyond these drawbacks. In this experiment, we specifically considered the utilization of Daubechies level 4 for the wavelet transformation. The choice of Daubechies level 4 was motivated by several reasons. Daubechies wavelets are known for their compact support, orthogonality, and good time-frequency localization. By choosing Daubechies level 4, we aimed to strike a balance between preserving important transient information and avoiding excessive noise or oversmoothing in the transformed signal. Then we compared the outcomes of our suggested approach to the conventional Fourier Transform using a non-stationary signal. The findings demonstrated that the suggested method offered a more accurate representation of non-stationary and transient signals in the frequency domain. Our method precisely showed a 12% reduction in MSE and a 3% rise in PSNR for the standard Fourier transform, as well as a 35% decrease in MSE and an 8% increase in PSNR for voice signals when compared to the traditional wavelet packet decomposition method.

基于改进YOLOv5s的CNN-Swin Transformer森林野生动物图像目标检测算法

【目的】为提高野生动物在复杂森林环境中的检测精度,促进森林野生动物保护技术发展,提出一种基于YOLOv5s网络模型、针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像的改进检测算法。【方法】以包含湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区几种典型森林野生动物在内的数据集为研究对象,首先,对真实标注框图像进行裁剪、归一化和缩放处理,随机将2~4张裁剪图像拼贴组成新的数据集元素,以丰富和增强数据集图像信息;其次,使用一种基于通道注意力思想的加权通道拼接方法,在通道拼接时引入权重改变通道数量,通过反向传播训练方法不断更新权重以增加重要特征信息的通道层数;接着,引入Swin Transformer模块与CNN网络相结合,为卷积神经网络特征提取加入自注意力机制,融合2种网络特征提取层的优势,提高特征提取的感受野;最后,选择更优的α-DIoU损失函数替代GIoU损失函数,针对边界框重叠面积和中心点距离造成的损失,引入新的几何因素惩罚项。【结果】在相同试验条件和数据集下,相比原YOLOv5s网络模型,改进算法极大提高检测的平均准确率和平均回归率,均值平均精度由74.1%提升至88.4%,获得14.3%的精度提升,同时也超过YOLOv3、YOLOXs、RetinaNet、Faster R-CNN等其他流行目标检测算法。【结论】针对陷阱相机所摄取森林野生动物图像背景与目标对比度低、遮挡重叠严重,致使检测误检率、漏检率高等问题,在检测算法中提出一系列改进措施,为我国森林野生动物的保护和数据获取提供一种新的可行性方案和思路。

A lightweight symmetric image encryption cryptosystem in wavelet domain based on an improved sine map

In the era of big data,the number of images transmitted over the public channel increases exponentially.As a result,it is crucial to devise the efficient and highly secure encryption method to safeguard the sensitive image.In this paper,an improved sine map(ISM)possessing a larger chaotic region,more complex chaotic behavior and greater unpredictability is proposed and extensively tested.Drawing upon the strengths of ISM,we introduce a lightweight symmetric image encryption cryptosystem in wavelet domain(WDLIC).The WDLIC employs selective encryption to strike a satisfactory balance between security and speed.Initially,only the low-frequency-low-frequency component is chosen to encrypt utilizing classic permutation and diffusion.Then leveraging the statistical properties in wavelet domain,Gaussianization operation which opens the minds of encrypting image information in wavelet domain is first proposed and employed to all sub-bands.Simulations and theoretical analysis demonstrate the high speed and the remarkable effectiveness of WDLIC.

Price prediction of power transformer materials based on CEEMD and GRU

The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has fueled the expansion of power grids.Power transformers are key equipment in power grid projects,and their price changes have a significant impact on cost control.However,the prices of power transformer materials manifest as nonsmooth and nonlinear sequences.Hence,estimating the acquisition costs of power grid projects is difficult,hindering the normal operation of power engineering construction.To more accurately predict the price of power transformer materials,this study proposes a method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition(CEEMD)and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network.First,the CEEMD decomposed the price series into multiple intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).Multiple IMFs were clustered to obtain several aggregated sequences based on the sample entropy of each IMF.Then,an empirical wavelet transform(EWT)was applied to the aggregation sequence with a large sample entropy,and the multiple subsequences obtained from the decomposition were predicted by the GRU model.The GRU model was used to directly predict the aggregation sequences with a small sample entropy.In this study,we used authentic historical pricing data for power transformer materials to validate the proposed approach.The empirical findings demonstrated the efficacy of our method across both datasets,with mean absolute percentage errors(MAPEs)of less than 1%and 3%.This approach holds a significant reference value for future research in the field of power transformer material price prediction.

小波分频自注意力Transformer图像去雨网络

针对视觉Transformer对高频信息捕捉能力弱以及目前许多图像去雨方法易丢失细节的问题,提出小波分频自注意力Transformer图像去雨网络(WFDST-Net)。小波分频自注意力Transformer(WFDST)作为WFDST-Net的主要模块,其利用不可分提升小波变换获取特征图的低频分量和高频分量,分别在低频和高频中进行自注意力交互,使模块从低频中学习恢复全局结构的能力,在高频中强化捕捉雨纹等线条细节的能力,增强对不同频域特征的建模能力。WFDST-Net采用U形架构并通过不可分提升小波变换获取多尺度特征,可在捕获不同形状高频雨纹的同时保证信息的完整性。相比其他图像去雨相关的Transformer,WFDST-Net具有更低的参数量。此外,提出VOCRain250数据集用于联合图像去雨和语义分割任务,该数据集比目前广泛使用的BDD150更具优势。实验表明,所提方法增强了视觉Transformer对不同频域信息的捕获能力,并在合成和真实数据集以及VOCRain250中的表现优于目前先进的去雨方法,能有效去除复杂雨纹并保留更多细节特征。

Dual-stream coupling network with wavelet transform for cross-resolution person re-identification

Person re-identification is a prevalent technology deployed on intelligent surveillance.There have been remarkable achievements in person re-identification methods based on the assumption that all person images have a sufficiently high resolution,yet such models are not applicable to the open world.In real world,the changing distance between pedestrians and the camera renders the resolution of pedestrians captured by the camera inconsistent.When low-resolution(LR)images in the query set are matched with high-resolution(HR)images in the gallery set,it degrades the performance of the pedestrian matching task due to the absent pedestrian critical information in LR images.To address the above issues,we present a dualstream coupling network with wavelet transform(DSCWT)for the cross-resolution person re-identification task.Firstly,we use the multi-resolution analysis principle of wavelet transform to separately process the low-frequency and high-frequency regions of LR images,which is applied to restore the lost detail information of LR images.Then,we devise a residual knowledge constrained loss function that transfers knowledge between the two streams of LR images and HR images for accessing pedestrian invariant features at various resolutions.Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments across four benchmark datasets verify the superiority of the proposed approach.

A Recursive High Payload Reversible Data Hiding Using Integer Wavelet and Arnold Transform

Reversible data hiding is an information hiding technique that requires the retrieval of the error free cover image after the extraction of the secret image.We suggested a technique in this research that uses a recursive embedding method to increase capacity substantially using the Integer wavelet transform and the Arnold transform.The notion of Integer wavelet transforms is to ensure that all coefficients of the cover images are used during embedding with an increase in payload.By scrambling the cover image,Arnold transform adds security to the information that gets embedded and also allows embedding more information in each iteration.The hybrid combination of Integer wavelet transform and Arnold transform results to build a more efficient and secure system.The proposed method employs a set of keys to ensure that information cannot be decoded by an attacker.The experimental results show that it aids in the development of a more secure storage system and withstand few tampering attacks The suggested technique is tested on many image formats,including medical images.Various performance metrics proves that the retrieved cover image and hidden image are both intact.This System is proven to withstand rotation attack as well.

Anomaly Detection Based on Discrete Wavelet Transformation for Insider Threat Classification

Unlike external attacks,insider threats arise from legitimate users who belong to the organization.These individuals may be a potential threat for hostile behavior depending on their motives.For insider detection,many intrusion detection systems learn and prevent known scenarios,but because malicious behavior has similar patterns to normal behavior,in reality,these systems can be evaded.Furthermore,because insider threats share a feature space similar to normal behavior,identifying them by detecting anomalies has limitations.This study proposes an improved anomaly detection methodology for insider threats that occur in cybersecurity in which a discrete wavelet transformation technique is applied to classify normal vs.malicious users.The discrete wavelet transformation technique easily discovers new patterns or decomposes synthesized data,making it possible to distinguish between shared characteristics.To verify the efficacy of the proposed methodology,experiments were conducted in which normal users and malicious users were classified based on insider threat scenarios provided in Carnegie Mellon University’s Computer Emergency Response Team(CERT)dataset.The experimental results indicate that the proposed methodology with discrete wavelet transformation reduced the false-positive rate by 82%to 98%compared to the case with no wavelet applied.Thus,the proposed methodology has high potential for application to similar feature spaces.

ASTER Data Processing by Discrete Wavelets Transform and Band Ratio Techniques for the Identification of Lineaments and Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in Poli, North Cameroon

The aim of this study is to carry out hydrothermal alteration mapping and structural mapping using ASTER images in order to identify indices that could guide mining exploration work in the Poli area and its surroundings. To achieve this, the ASTER images were first preprocessed to correct atmospheric effects and remove vegetation influence. Secondly, a lineament mapping was conducted by applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) algorithms to the First Principal Component Analysis (PCA1) of Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) bands. Lastly, band ratio methods were applied to the VNIR, SWIR, and Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands to determine indices of iron oxides/hydroxides (hematite and limonite), hydroxyl-bearing minerals (chlorite, epidote, and muscovite), and the quartz index. The results obtained showed that the lineaments were mainly oriented NE-SW, ENE-WSW, and E-W, with NE-SW being the most predominant direction. Concerning hydrothermal alteration, the identified indices covered almost the entire study area and showed a strong correlation with lithological data. Overlaying the obtained lineaments with the hydrothermal alteration indices revealed a significant correlation between existing mining indices and those observed in the field. Mineralized zones generally coincided with areas of high lineament density exhibiting significant hydrothermal alteration. Based on the correlation between existing mining indices and the results of hydrothermal and structural mapping, the results obtained can then be used as a reference document for any mining exploration in the study area.

Predicting Wavelet-Transformed Stock Prices Using a Vanishing Gradient Resilient Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit with a Time Lag

The development of accurate prediction models continues to be highly beneficial in myriad disciplines. Deep learning models have performed well in stock price prediction and give high accuracy. However, these models are largely affected by the vanishing gradient problem escalated by some activation functions. This study proposes the use of the Vanishing Gradient Resilient Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit (OGRU) model with a scaled mean Approximation Coefficient (AC) time lag which should counter slow convergence, vanishing gradient and large error metrics. This study employed the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Hyperbolic Tangent (Tanh), Sigmoid and Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) activation functions. Real-life datasets including the daily Apple and 5-minute Netflix closing stock prices were used, and they were decomposed using the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT). The decomposed series formed a decomposed data model which was compared to an undecomposed data model with similar hyperparameters and different default lags. The Apple daily dataset performed well with a Default_1 lag, using an undecomposed data model and the ReLU, attaining 0.01312, 0.00854 and 3.67 minutes for RMSE, MAE and runtime. The Netflix data performed best with the MeanAC_42 lag, using decomposed data model and the ELU achieving 0.00620, 0.00487 and 3.01 minutes for the same metrics.

A New Image Watermarking Scheme Using Genetic Algorithm and Residual Numbers with Discrete Wavelet Transform

Transmission of data over the internet has become a critical issue as a result of the advancement in technology, since it is possible for pirates to steal the intellectual property of content owners. This paper presents a new digital watermarking scheme that combines some operators of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Residue Number (RN) System (RNS) to perform encryption on an image, which is embedded into a cover image for the purposes of watermarking. Thus, an image watermarking scheme uses an encrypted image. The secret image is embedded in decomposed frames of the cover image achieved by applying a three-level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). This is to ensure that the secret information is not exposed even when there is a successful attack on the cover information. Content creators can prove ownership of the multimedia content by unveiling the secret information in a court of law. The proposed scheme was tested with sample data using MATLAB2022 and the results of the simulation show a great deal of imperceptibility and robustness as compared to similar existing schemes.

基于S-YOLO V5和Vision Transformer的视频内容描述算法

视频内容描述的自动生成是结合计算机视觉和自然语言处理等相关技术提出的一种新型交叉学习任务。针对当前视频内容生成描述模型可读性不佳的问题,本研究提出一种基于S-YOLO V5和Vison Transformer(ViT)的视频内容描述算法。首先,基于神经网络模型KATNA提取关键帧,以最少帧数进行模型训练;其次,利用S-YOLO V5模型提取视频帧中的语义信息,并结合预训练ResNet101模型和预训练C3D模型提取视频静态视觉特征和动态视觉特征,并对两种模态特征进行融合;然后,基于ViT结构的强大长距离编码能力,构建模型编码器对融合特征进行长距离依赖编码;最后,将编码器的输出作为LSTM解码器的输入,依次输出预测词,生成最终的自然语言描述。通过在MSR-VTT数据集上进行测试,本研究模型的BLEU-4、METEOR、ROUGEL和CIDEr分别为42.9、28.8、62.4和51.4;在MSVD数据集上进行测试,本研究模型的BLEU-4、METEOR、ROUGEL和CIDEr分别为56.8、37.6、74.5以及98.5。与当前主流模型相比,本研究模型在多项评价指标上表现优异。

基于SVC和wavelet-transform的图像脉冲噪声自适应新滤波器

利用小波变换可以检测信号奇异点的原理,提出了一种基于WT的脉冲噪声检测方法,并把这一方法与支持向量分类器SVC脉冲噪声检测方法相结合,提出了一种改进的SVC图像脉冲噪声滤波器。实验表明,这一改进的SVC脉冲噪声滤波器的滤波效果比原先的SVC滤波器有明显的改善。

基于改进YOLOv5s 的白酒瓶盖瑕疵检测

目的瓶装白酒生产过程中,瓶盖表面瑕疵会影响产品外观质量。针对白酒瓶盖表面瑕疵检测效率低和目标检测效果差的问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的改进算法DTS-YOLO。方法首先,在主干网络中引入可变形卷积,以提高模型对极端长宽比瑕疵的检测精度。其次,引入Transformer编码块,使网络聚焦于提取图像的全局信息。最后,在颈部网络构建C3SE-Lite模块,将C3模块嵌入SE注意力模块的同时引入Ghost卷积,减少参数量的同时,增强对瓶盖瑕疵的检测能力。结果实验结果表明,本文所提方法相较于基础网络,参数量减少了10%,平均精度均值达95%,平均检测速度达30帧/s。结论本文方法有效实现了白酒瓶盖表面瑕疵快速、准确地检测,可广泛应用于瓶装白酒生产过程中瓶盖表面检测。

融合Transformer和改进PANet的YOLOv5s交通标志检测

针对交通标志检测速度慢和目标大小与类别极度不平衡等问题,提出一种融合Transformer和改进PANet网络的YOLOv5s交通标志检测算法。首先在不增加模型复杂度的前提下,将主干网络末端与Transformer融合以提高网络特征提取能力;其次由于所采用交通标志数据集的目标尺度太小,导致网络32倍大尺度检测层检测效果不佳,故不采用相关网络层,同时采用K-means算法得出适合的预测候选框;然后改进损失函数以解决正负样本极度不平衡问题。最后将所提出的改进算法在Jetson AGX Xavier平台上部署验证。实验结果表明,所提算法检测性能更佳,其准确率和召回率在原网络的基础上分别提高了2.2%和0.7%,模型参数量和计算复杂度分别减少了25.8%和10.1%。在Xavier上的检测速度达到76FPS,满足实时交通标志检测的要求且易于在实际场景部署。

基于改进ResNet50的表面肌电信号手势识别

为了提高手势动作在类别众多且相似度高的情况下的识别精度,提出了一种基于连续小波变换和残差神经网络Res-Net50的表面肌电信号手势识别方法。首先对Ninapro DB2和DB3的原始表面肌电信号进行预处理和连续小波变换,得到Multi-sEMG Wavelet Map数据集,然后送入改进的ResNet50模型进行识别分类。实验结果表明,改进后的ResNet50网络模型在Multi-sEMG Wavelet Map DB2和DB3中17种手势动作的平均准确率分别达到了96.40%和94.11%,相比ResNet50网络模型方法提升了4.87%和5.83%。实现了手势动作在类别繁多、相似度较高的情况下的精准识别。为基于非侵入式传感器和机器学习控制的假肢手提供了新方案。

改进YOLOv5s的钢材表面缺陷检测算法

为提高钢材表面缺陷检测的准确率,提出一种改进YOLOv5s的钢材表面缺陷检测算法。首先,在特征提取网络中引入Swin Transformer结构,增强网络对特征的感知能力;其次,添加坐标注意力机制,加强对重要特征信息的关注;最后,针对钢材缺陷的特点增加检测层,提升多尺度目标检测能力,并使用SIOU损失函数评估检测效果。将所提出的算法在公开数据集NEU-DET上进行消融实验,结果表明:所提算法能有效提高钢材表面缺陷目标检测的准确率。