Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and...Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and AD.However,previous studies have mainly used handcrafted features to classify MCI,AD,and normal control(NC)individuals.This paper focuses on using gray matter(GM)scans obtained through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for the diagnosis of individuals with MCI,AD,and NC.To improve classification performance,we developed two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation(i.e.,shear range,rotation,zoom range,channel shift).The first approach is a deep Siamese network(DSN),and the second approach involves using a cross-domain strategy with customized VGG-16.We performed experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed models.Our experimental results demonstrate superior performance in classifying the three binary classification tasks:NC vs.AD,NC vs.MCI,and MCI vs.AD.Specifically,we achieved a classification accuracy of 97.68%,94.25%,and 92.18%for the three cases,respectively.Our study proposes two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation to accurately diagnose MCI,AD,and normal control individuals using GM scans.Our findings provide promising results for future research and clinical applications in the early detection and diagnosis of AD.展开更多
The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable ...The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable and fast convergent computation of the bivariate normal integral with simple recursion. When tested computation on a random sample of one million parameter triplets with uniformly distributed components and using double precision arithmetic, the maximum absolute error was 3.45 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>16</sup>. In additional testing, focusing on cases with correlation coefficients close to one in absolute value, when the computation may be very sensitive to small rounding errors, the accuracy was retained. In rare potentially critical cases, a simple adjustment to the computation procedure was performed—one potentially critical computation was replaced with two equivalent non-critical ones. All new series are suitable for vector and high-precision computation, assuming they are supplemented with appropriate efficient and accurate computation of the arctangent and standard normal cumulative distribution functions. They are implemented by the R package Phi2rho, available on CRAN. Its functions allow vector arguments and are ready to work with the Rmpfr package, which enables the use of arbitrary precision instead of double precision numbers. A special test with up to 1024-bit precision computation is also presented.展开更多
We study the quasi likelihood equation in Generalized Linear Models（GLM） with adaptive design ∑（i=1）^n xi（yi-h（x＇iβ））=0, where yi is a q=vector, and xi is a p×q random matrix. Under some assumptions, i...We study the quasi likelihood equation in Generalized Linear Models（GLM） with adaptive design ∑（i=1）^n xi（yi-h（x＇iβ））=0, where yi is a q=vector, and xi is a p×q random matrix. Under some assumptions, it is shown that the Quasi- Likelihood equation for the GLM has a solution which is asymptotic normal.展开更多
Methods of finding quasi-normal modes of non-rotating relativistic stars have been well established, however, none of the existing treatments which take spacetime and fluid oscillations fully into account can determin...Methods of finding quasi-normal modes of non-rotating relativistic stars have been well established, however, none of the existing treatments which take spacetime and fluid oscillations fully into account can determine modes of long decay time, e.g., the p and g mode series, or the f modes for stars with low compactness ratio （M/R）. In this paper we show how the quasi-normal modes of long lifetime can be determined through refinements of a treatment originally due to Detweiler and Lindblom. The determination of the p mode series has been argued in the literature to have implication on the life time of gravitational wave sources and stellar stability. In this paper we 1） provide detailed steps in our treatment to facilitate future effort in this direction; 2） correct mistakes in the literature on the formulation; and 3） analyse the accuracy of the quasi-normal mode frequencies obtained and the limitations of the treatment.展开更多
In this paper, we study the gravitational quasi-normal modes（QNMs） for a static R^2 black hole（BH） in Anti-de Sitter（AdS） spacetime. The corresponding master equation of odd parity is derived and the QNMs are ev...In this paper, we study the gravitational quasi-normal modes（QNMs） for a static R^2 black hole（BH） in Anti-de Sitter（AdS） spacetime. The corresponding master equation of odd parity is derived and the QNMs are evaluated by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Meanwhile the stability of such BH is also discussed through the temporal evolution of the perturbation field. Here we mainly consider the coefficient λ, which is related to the radius of AdS black hole, on the QNMs of the R^2 AdS BH. The results show that the Re（ω） and ｜Im（ω）｜ of the QNMs increase together as ｜λ｜ increases for a given angular momentum number l. That indicates with a larger value of ｜λ｜ the corresponding R^2 AdS BH returns to stable much more quickly. The dynamic evolution of the perturbation field is consistent with the results derived by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Since in the conformal field theory the QNMs can reflect its approach to equilibrium, so our related results could be referential to studies of the AdS/CFT conjecture. The relationship between λ and the properties of the static R^2 BH might be helpful for the development of R^2 gravitational theory.展开更多
A class of functions called quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are introduced by using the concept of symmetric gradient. The examples of quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are given. The suffi...A class of functions called quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are introduced by using the concept of symmetric gradient. The examples of quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are given. The sufficient optimality conditions and Mond Weir type duality results are obtained for a nondifferentiable nonlinear semi infinite programming problem involving quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions.展开更多
In this study, a new parameter, S phase cell percentage （S fraction） normalized BrdU （SFN-BrdU） incorporation rate, was introduced to detect $ arrest. The results showed a positive linear correlation between the B...In this study, a new parameter, S phase cell percentage （S fraction） normalized BrdU （SFN-BrdU） incorporation rate, was introduced to detect $ arrest. The results showed a positive linear correlation between the BrdU incorporation rate and the S fraction in unperturbed 16HBE cells. Theoretical analysis indicated that only S arrest could result in a decrease in the SFN-BrdU incorporation rate. Additionally, the decrease in SFN-BrdU incorporation rate and the activation of DNA damage checkpoints further demonstrated that S arrest was induced by diethyl sulfate treatment of 16HBE cells. In conclusion, $FN-BrdU incorporation rate can be used to detecting S arrest.展开更多
This paper presents an investigation of a DC glow discharge at low pressure in the normal mode and with Einstein＇s relation of electron diffusivity. Two-dimensional distributions in Cartesian geometry are presented i...This paper presents an investigation of a DC glow discharge at low pressure in the normal mode and with Einstein＇s relation of electron diffusivity. Two-dimensional distributions in Cartesian geometry are presented in the stationary state, including electric potential, electron and ion densities, longitudinal and transverse electrics fields as well as electron temperature. Our results are compared with those obtained in existing literature. The model used in this work is based on the first three moments of Boltzmann＇s equation. They serve as the continuity equation, the momentum transfer and the energy equations. The set of equations for charged particles presented in monatomic argon gas are coupled in a self-consistent way with Poisson＇s equation. A parametric study varying the cathode voltage, gas pressure, and secondary electron emission coefficient predicts many of the well-known features of DC discharges.展开更多
In this paper a new proposal of a straight line, the ＂modified Tukey＇s line＂, for fitting to a normal quantile-quantile Plot, or normal Q-Q plot, is presented. This probability plot allows us to determine whether a...In this paper a new proposal of a straight line, the ＂modified Tukey＇s line＂, for fitting to a normal quantile-quantile Plot, or normal Q-Q plot, is presented. This probability plot allows us to determine whether a set of sample observations is distributed according to a normal distribution. For this, the sample quantiles are represented against the quantiles of a theoretical probability model, which in this case is the normal distribution. If the data set follows the above mentioned distribution, the plotted points will have a rectilinear configuration. To verify this, there are different alternatives for fitting a straight line to the plotted points. Among the straight lines which can be fitted to a Q-Q plot, in this paper, besides the proposed straight line, the following straight lines are considered： straight line that passes through the first and third quartiles, straight line that passes through the 10th and 90th percentiles, straight line fitted by the method of least squares, straight line with slope s and constant the average of the data set, Theil＇s line and Tukey＇s line. In addition, an example, in which there are represented the different straight lines considered and the proposed straight line on a normal Q-Q plot obtained for the same set of observations, is developed. In this example the existing differences among the straight lines are observed.展开更多
The dynamic behaviors of water contained in calcium-silicate-hydrate（C-S-H） gel with different water content values from 10%to 30%（by weight）,are studied by using an empirical diffusion model（EDM） to analyze the...The dynamic behaviors of water contained in calcium-silicate-hydrate（C-S-H） gel with different water content values from 10%to 30%（by weight）,are studied by using an empirical diffusion model（EDM） to analyze the experimental data of quasi-elastic neutron scattering（QENS） spectra at measured temperatures ranging from 230 K to 280 K.In the study,the experimental QENS spectra with the whole Q-range are considered.Several important parameters including the bound/immobile water elastic coefficient A,the bound water index BWI,the Lorentzian with a half-width at half-maximum（HWHM） Γ;（Q） and Γ;（Q）,the self-diffusion coefficients D;and D;of water molecules,the average residence times τ;and τ;,and the proton mean squared displacement（MSD）(u;) are obtained.The results show that the QENS spectra can be fitted very well not only for small Q（≤1 A;） but also for large Q.The bound/immobile water fraction in a C-S-H gel sample can be shown by the fitted BWI.The distinction between bound/immobile and mobile water,which includes confined water and ultra-confined water,can be seen by the fitted MSD.All the MSD tend to be the smallest value below 0.25 A;（the MSD of bound/immobile water） as the Q increases to 1.9 A;no matter what the temperature and water content are.Furthermore,by the abrupt changes of the fitted values of D;,τ;,and Γ;（Q）,a crossover temperature at 250 K,namely the liquid-to-crystal-like transition temperature,can be identified for confined water in large gel pores（LGPs） and/or small gel pores（SGPs） contained in the C-S-H gel sample with 30% water content.展开更多
基金Research work funded by Zhejiang Normal University Research Fund YS304023947 and YS304023948.
文摘Neuroimaging has emerged over the last few decades as a crucial tool in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a condition that falls between the spectrum of normal cognitive function and AD.However,previous studies have mainly used handcrafted features to classify MCI,AD,and normal control(NC)individuals.This paper focuses on using gray matter(GM)scans obtained through magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for the diagnosis of individuals with MCI,AD,and NC.To improve classification performance,we developed two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation(i.e.,shear range,rotation,zoom range,channel shift).The first approach is a deep Siamese network(DSN),and the second approach involves using a cross-domain strategy with customized VGG-16.We performed experiments on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset to evaluate the performance of our proposed models.Our experimental results demonstrate superior performance in classifying the three binary classification tasks:NC vs.AD,NC vs.MCI,and MCI vs.AD.Specifically,we achieved a classification accuracy of 97.68%,94.25%,and 92.18%for the three cases,respectively.Our study proposes two transfer learning strategies with data augmentation to accurately diagnose MCI,AD,and normal control individuals using GM scans.Our findings provide promising results for future research and clinical applications in the early detection and diagnosis of AD.
文摘The Owen’s T function is presented in four new ways, one of them as a series similar to the Euler’s arctangent series divided by 2π, which is its majorant series. All possibilities enable numerically stable and fast convergent computation of the bivariate normal integral with simple recursion. When tested computation on a random sample of one million parameter triplets with uniformly distributed components and using double precision arithmetic, the maximum absolute error was 3.45 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>16</sup>. In additional testing, focusing on cases with correlation coefficients close to one in absolute value, when the computation may be very sensitive to small rounding errors, the accuracy was retained. In rare potentially critical cases, a simple adjustment to the computation procedure was performed—one potentially critical computation was replaced with two equivalent non-critical ones. All new series are suitable for vector and high-precision computation, assuming they are supplemented with appropriate efficient and accurate computation of the arctangent and standard normal cumulative distribution functions. They are implemented by the R package Phi2rho, available on CRAN. Its functions allow vector arguments and are ready to work with the Rmpfr package, which enables the use of arbitrary precision instead of double precision numbers. A special test with up to 1024-bit precision computation is also presented.
文摘We study the quasi likelihood equation in Generalized Linear Models（GLM） with adaptive design ∑（i=1）^n xi（yi-h（x＇iβ））=0, where yi is a q=vector, and xi is a p×q random matrix. Under some assumptions, it is shown that the Quasi- Likelihood equation for the GLM has a solution which is asymptotic normal.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of the Education Department of Hunan Province of China (Grant No. 07c578)in part by the US National Science Foundation NRACthe McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences of the Washington University(Grant No. MCA93S025)
文摘Methods of finding quasi-normal modes of non-rotating relativistic stars have been well established, however, none of the existing treatments which take spacetime and fluid oscillations fully into account can determine modes of long decay time, e.g., the p and g mode series, or the f modes for stars with low compactness ratio （M/R）. In this paper we show how the quasi-normal modes of long lifetime can be determined through refinements of a treatment originally due to Detweiler and Lindblom. The determination of the p mode series has been argued in the literature to have implication on the life time of gravitational wave sources and stellar stability. In this paper we 1） provide detailed steps in our treatment to facilitate future effort in this direction; 2） correct mistakes in the literature on the formulation; and 3） analyse the accuracy of the quasi-normal mode frequencies obtained and the limitations of the treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11205254,11178018,11375279,and 11605015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.106112016CDJXY300002 and CDJRC10300003)+1 种基金the Chinese State Scholarship Fund,FAPESP(Grant No.2012/08934-0)the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC(Grant No.2011BB0052)
文摘In this paper, we study the gravitational quasi-normal modes（QNMs） for a static R^2 black hole（BH） in Anti-de Sitter（AdS） spacetime. The corresponding master equation of odd parity is derived and the QNMs are evaluated by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Meanwhile the stability of such BH is also discussed through the temporal evolution of the perturbation field. Here we mainly consider the coefficient λ, which is related to the radius of AdS black hole, on the QNMs of the R^2 AdS BH. The results show that the Re（ω） and ｜Im（ω）｜ of the QNMs increase together as ｜λ｜ increases for a given angular momentum number l. That indicates with a larger value of ｜λ｜ the corresponding R^2 AdS BH returns to stable much more quickly. The dynamic evolution of the perturbation field is consistent with the results derived by the Horowitz and Hubeny method. Since in the conformal field theory the QNMs can reflect its approach to equilibrium, so our related results could be referential to studies of the AdS/CFT conjecture. The relationship between λ and the properties of the static R^2 BH might be helpful for the development of R^2 gravitational theory.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province and the Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Educational CommitteeP.R.China
文摘A class of functions called quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are introduced by using the concept of symmetric gradient. The examples of quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions are given. The sufficient optimality conditions and Mond Weir type duality results are obtained for a nondifferentiable nonlinear semi infinite programming problem involving quasi B s invex and pseudo B s invex functions.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.81370079 and 81001253)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7132122)
文摘In this study, a new parameter, S phase cell percentage （S fraction） normalized BrdU （SFN-BrdU） incorporation rate, was introduced to detect $ arrest. The results showed a positive linear correlation between the BrdU incorporation rate and the S fraction in unperturbed 16HBE cells. Theoretical analysis indicated that only S arrest could result in a decrease in the SFN-BrdU incorporation rate. Additionally, the decrease in SFN-BrdU incorporation rate and the activation of DNA damage checkpoints further demonstrated that S arrest was induced by diethyl sulfate treatment of 16HBE cells. In conclusion, $FN-BrdU incorporation rate can be used to detecting S arrest.
文摘This paper presents an investigation of a DC glow discharge at low pressure in the normal mode and with Einstein＇s relation of electron diffusivity. Two-dimensional distributions in Cartesian geometry are presented in the stationary state, including electric potential, electron and ion densities, longitudinal and transverse electrics fields as well as electron temperature. Our results are compared with those obtained in existing literature. The model used in this work is based on the first three moments of Boltzmann＇s equation. They serve as the continuity equation, the momentum transfer and the energy equations. The set of equations for charged particles presented in monatomic argon gas are coupled in a self-consistent way with Poisson＇s equation. A parametric study varying the cathode voltage, gas pressure, and secondary electron emission coefficient predicts many of the well-known features of DC discharges.
文摘In this paper a new proposal of a straight line, the ＂modified Tukey＇s line＂, for fitting to a normal quantile-quantile Plot, or normal Q-Q plot, is presented. This probability plot allows us to determine whether a set of sample observations is distributed according to a normal distribution. For this, the sample quantiles are represented against the quantiles of a theoretical probability model, which in this case is the normal distribution. If the data set follows the above mentioned distribution, the plotted points will have a rectilinear configuration. To verify this, there are different alternatives for fitting a straight line to the plotted points. Among the straight lines which can be fitted to a Q-Q plot, in this paper, besides the proposed straight line, the following straight lines are considered： straight line that passes through the first and third quartiles, straight line that passes through the 10th and 90th percentiles, straight line fitted by the method of least squares, straight line with slope s and constant the average of the data set, Theil＇s line and Tukey＇s line. In addition, an example, in which there are represented the different straight lines considered and the proposed straight line on a normal Q-Q plot obtained for the same set of observations, is developed. In this example the existing differences among the straight lines are observed.
文摘The dynamic behaviors of water contained in calcium-silicate-hydrate（C-S-H） gel with different water content values from 10%to 30%（by weight）,are studied by using an empirical diffusion model（EDM） to analyze the experimental data of quasi-elastic neutron scattering（QENS） spectra at measured temperatures ranging from 230 K to 280 K.In the study,the experimental QENS spectra with the whole Q-range are considered.Several important parameters including the bound/immobile water elastic coefficient A,the bound water index BWI,the Lorentzian with a half-width at half-maximum（HWHM） Γ;（Q） and Γ;（Q）,the self-diffusion coefficients D;and D;of water molecules,the average residence times τ;and τ;,and the proton mean squared displacement（MSD）(u;) are obtained.The results show that the QENS spectra can be fitted very well not only for small Q（≤1 A;） but also for large Q.The bound/immobile water fraction in a C-S-H gel sample can be shown by the fitted BWI.The distinction between bound/immobile and mobile water,which includes confined water and ultra-confined water,can be seen by the fitted MSD.All the MSD tend to be the smallest value below 0.25 A;（the MSD of bound/immobile water） as the Q increases to 1.9 A;no matter what the temperature and water content are.Furthermore,by the abrupt changes of the fitted values of D;,τ;,and Γ;（Q）,a crossover temperature at 250 K,namely the liquid-to-crystal-like transition temperature,can be identified for confined water in large gel pores（LGPs） and/or small gel pores（SGPs） contained in the C-S-H gel sample with 30% water content.
