燃烧法制备(Ca1-xSrx)S：Eu2＋红色荧光粉的发光性能研究

利用硝酸盐和含硫燃烧剂硫脲(CH4N2S)的氧化还原反应,通过燃烧法在较低的起始温度(500~550℃)下合成了白光LED用红色荧光粉(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+,并研究了实验过程中各种实验条件对其发光性能的影响.XRD图像表明不同物质的量比的Sr与Ca合成的荧光粉均为立方相的(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+.SEM图像表明燃烧法合成的(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+的晶体粒径为微米量级,且颗粒均匀.当n(Sr)∶n(Ca)=1时,它的激发谱为1个覆盖430~500 nm的宽带,发射谱为峰值位于624 nm的宽带.当Eu2+的摩尔分数为0.008时,发光强度达到最大值.所得前驱物在1 100℃的马弗炉中退火5 h,发光强度与结晶度将进一步提高.与高温固相法相比,激发光谱与发射光谱没有明显变化,燃烧法生成物分散性好,反应初始温度比较低(500℃左右),反应时间短(10 min左右).反应所用的硫脲价格低廉,反应速度快,是一种实用的燃烧剂.

微波场作用下Gd2O2S：Tb绿色荧光粉的快速合成及其发光特性

首次采用微波法，快速合成了Gd2O2S：Tb绿色荧光粉，用X射线粉末衍射（XgD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物的结构、形貌、以及发光特性进行了研究。结果表明，材料的晶体结构为六方晶系，与Gd2O2S的相同,颗粒的形貌为类球形，分散性很好，尺寸在1μm左右,Gd2O2S：Tb的激发光谱呈带状，主峰位于298nm,发射光谱由384、418、439、471、498、547、590、624nm的一系列窄带发射峰组成，归属于Tb^3＋从^5D4、^5D3能级到^7FJ（J=0-6）的跃迁。主发射峰位于547nm，对应于^5D4→^7F5的能级跃迁，导致一种绿光发射,研究发现Tb的掺杂浓度对样品主发射峰的强度有着很重要的影响，在5％（摩尔分数）时达到最大，继续增加Tb的浓度，出现浓度猝灭现象，同时对浓度猝灭的机理进行了探讨。

掺杂离子对白色长余辉发光材料Y_2O_2S：Tb^3＋,Eu^3＋,M^2＋(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),Zr^4＋性能的影响

采用高温固相法制备了白色长余辉发光材料Y2O2S∶Tb3+,Eu3+,M2+(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),Zr4+,利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、余辉曲线和热释光曲线等对制备的材料进行表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变样品晶体结构和发射峰的位置,但对其发光强度、余辉时间及陷阱深度有较大的影响。在263 nm紫外光的激发下,469 nm和626 nm的发射分别对应于Eu3+的5D2→7F0、5D0→7F2跃迁,544 nm的发射对应于Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁,主要通过它们的混合产生白光。掺杂不同二价离子样品的余辉性能按Mg2+、Sr2+、Ca2+、Ba2+的顺序递减,其中掺杂Mg2+的样品,色度坐标为(0.29,0.32),陷阱深度为1.17 eV,余辉时间长达320 s(≥1 mcd/m2),表现出最佳的发光性能。

980nm激发下Y2O2S：Ho3＋,Yb3＋纳米晶可见和红外发光特性研究

采用共沉淀法,结合固-气硫化工艺制备出六角晶系结构的类球形Y2O2S∶Ho3+,Yb3+纳米晶,平均粒径约40nm。在980nm LD激发下,系统研究了纳米晶在450~1 500nm宽波段范围内的发光特性。根据上转换(UCL)和下转换(DCL)测试结果,Y2O2S∶Ho3+,Yb3+纳米晶发射峰位于545,655和1180nm,分别源于5F4/5S2→5I8、5 F5→5I8和5I6→5I8辐射跃迁。Yb3+离子的掺杂可显著提高Ho3+的上转换发光效率。由于纳米晶表面吸附产生的高能振动量子显著提高了5F4/5S2→5F5和5I6→5I7多声子弛豫的发生几率,使得655nm红光发射很难得到抑制。随Yb3+浓度不断增大,Yb3+→Ho3+能量传递效率提高。这不仅可以增大5F4/5S2和5I6能级的粒子布居数,使绿光和红外光发射增强,而且能在一定程度上抑制5I6→5I7多声子弛豫过程,间接削弱红光发射强度。但5F5能级的另一布居途径(5F4/5S2→5F5)使得Y2O2S∶Ho3+,Yb3+纳米晶的绿红光荧光分支比(IG/IR)值仅能达到3.75。当浓度高于6%(摩尔分数)时,(5F4/5S2,2F7/2)→(5I6,2F5/2)能量反传递过程导致绿光和红光发射大幅降低,而5I6能级布居数的增大却增强了红外发射强度。上述变化导致IG/IR增势减弱,红外/红光荧光分支比(IIR/IR)不断增大。

Y2O2S：Eu^3＋红色荧光粉的SnO2：Sb包覆研究

采用硫融法合成了Y2O2S：Eu^3＋红色荧光粉。用溶胶-凝胶法在其表面包覆了一层SnO2：Sb透明导电薄膜。通过x射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、荧光光谱（PL）和电阻测量等检测手段分别分析了包覆处理对Y2O2S：Eu^3＋的晶体结构、表面形貌、荧光性质以及荧光粉导电性的影响。结果表明：通过该方法成功地在Y2O2S：Eu^3＋表面包覆了一层连续的SnO2：Sb薄膜；当包覆量nSoO2/nY2O2S=6％时，所得到的荧光粉同时具有较高的荧光强度和导电性；当掺杂量DSb/nSn=10％，退火温度为500℃（氧气流中退火1h）时，可以得到导电性较好的荧光粉。

Evolution Characteristics of Government-Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Network for China＇s Agriculture and Influ- encing Factors： Illustrated According to Agricultural Patent Case

Under the special background of China, the cooperative innovation between different government-industry-university-research institutes plays an increasingly important role in the agricultural field. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to it. Considering the cooperation patents, published in the agriculture field stemming from the Full-text Database of China Patents as the study object, the spatial and institutional attribute of the authors as the data source, and by combining the social network and spatial econometrics analysis, this paper analyzes the structure evolution characteristics of cooperative innovation networks of agricultural government-industry-university-research institute in the city level of China in 1985–2014, based on the triple helix theory, with the influence factors discussed. This shows that, 1) since 1985, China's agricultural innovation level has been substantially increased, but the development degree of the cooperative innovation network is low, and the patent cooperation mainly relies on authors in the same unit; 2) enterprises play a leading role in the agricultural cooperative innovation. The effect of the government and hybrid organizations driven by the government is not obvious; 3) the cooperative innovation in the province and city dominates, and a multi-pole pattern has been formed. The cooperative innovation network structure evolves from a single helix empty core and double helix multi core to a double helix hierarchical network; 4) the city's science, education funding and personnel investment are key factors determining the agricultural cooperative innovation, while the agricultural development of the city presents slight negative impacts on it. The spatial mismatch of supply and demand is present in the technical cooperative innovation of China's agriculture. Therefore, the science enhancement and education investment to big agricultural provinces should be promptly implemented.

Comparison of human amniotic fluid-derived and umbilical cord Wharton＇s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells： Characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity

Objective To compare the characterization and myocardial differentiation capacity of arnniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells （AF MSCs） and umbilical cord Wharton＇s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells （WJ MSCs）. Methods The human AF MSCs were cultured from amniotic fluid samples obtained by amniocentesis. The umbilical cord WJ MSCs were obtained from Wharton＇s Jelly of umbilical cords of infants delivered full-term by normal labor. The morphology, growth curves, and analyses by flow cytometry of cell surface markers were compared between the two types of cells. Myocardial genes （GATA-4, c-TnT, a-actin, and Cx43） were detected by real-time PCR and the corresponding protein expressions were detected by Western blot analysis after myocardial induced in AF MSCs and WJ MSCs. Results Our findings revealed AF MSCs and WJ MSCs shared similar morphological characteristics of the fibroblastoid shape. The AF MSCs were easily obtained than the WJ MSCs and had a shorter time to reach adherence of 2.7 ± 1.6 days to WJ MSCs of 6.5 ± 1.8 days. The growth curves by MTT cytotoxic assay showed the AF MSCs had a similar proliferative capacity at passage 5 and passage 10. However, the proliferative capacities ofWJ MSCs were decreased at 5 passage relative to 10 passage. Both AF stem cells and WJ stem cells had the characteristics of mesenchymal stromal cells with some characteristics of embryonic stem cells. They express CD29 and CD105, but not CD34. They were positive for Class I major histocompatibility （MHC I） antigens （HLA-ABC）, and were negative, or mildly positive, for MHC Class II （HLA-DR） antigen. Oct-4 was positive in all the two cells types. Both AF MSCs and WJ MSCs could differentiate along myocardium. The differentiation capacities were detected by the expression of GATA-4, c-TnT, a-actin, Cx43 after myocardial induction. Conclusions Both AF MSCs and WJ MSCs have the potential clinical application for myogenesis in cardiac regenerative therapy.

Priority of Factors Affected on Customer＇s Satisfaction in the E-Banking by Using Kano Model and Analytical Hierarchy Process： A Case of Iranian Commercial Bank

The aim of the article is to determine the extent to which customer satisfaction＇s in the e-banking in Semnan area had organizational and customer readiness for developing their services. One of the most important sectors that plays key role for grasping developed condition is banking sector. Banks like other institutions also look for augmenting their profits and increasing their strength by expansion. The designing of bank must involve selection of those that have sufficient success potential. Hence, from several factors of success, the following three criteria factors have been： selected-customer satisfied, one dimensional, and product fully functional. These factors offers three question multi criteria group extracted from a 16 norms. Also, three criteria factors have been studied over a period of five years and important criteria for evaluating the norms. The Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP） has been employed to calculate the success potential of each norm. The empirical data comprises the longitudinal survey of the agricultural banking of the Semnan province. The paper, also, finds that product fully functional is placed as the first priority.

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses：a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases

Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields（ELF-EMFs） stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efficacy of pulsed ELFEMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer＇s disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its beneficial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its beneficial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-inflammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. The objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefits. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.

The Value of Saudi Arabia Industrial Firms Between the Modigliani-Miller＇s and Gordon＇s Models： An Empirical Study on Cement Companies in Saudi Arabia

The most important target of the financial management is to develop the values of the foundation and develop the wealth of shareholders （wealth of the owners）, which is the primary target of the qualified and successful financial management. This target, developing the value of the foundation, depends on the total profit that could be achieved by the company and counting the profit per share, but undoubtedly, the financial management should consider the other targets such as social responsibility and exchange between risk and revenue and others. This research, with its both theoretical and practical aspects, aims at illuminating the value of some foundations in Saudi Arabia, which are already registered in the stock market, by comparing the value of each foundation using two models namely the model of Modigliani-Miller （M＆M） and the model of Gordon. In spite of the difficulties found in the usage of both models, especially Gordon＇s model, we will use both of them to explain the aspects of imperfection in each model. This research will depend on a sample of Sandi industrial companies by getting financial data of these companies over a past decade and the usage of these data, in other words, to measure the value of Saudi companies against the market.

Bankruptcy Probability and Stock Prices： The Effect of Altman Z-Score Information on Stock Prices Through Panel Data

There is an extensive branch of literature that examines the success of Altman＇s Z-score in predicting bankruptcy or financial distress. The goal of this research paper is to investigate the stock price performance of firms that exhibit a large probability of bankruptcy according to the model of Airman. Regardless of the validity of Airman＇s Z-score, we utilize a new empirical design that relates stock price movements to Altman＇s Z-score. We focus and examine, through the methodology of panel data, whether stocks that have a high probability of bankruptcy underperform stocks with a low probability of bankruptcy or if there are differences in the way the markets react to the financial health of the sample firms.

Taxonomic study on the family Mitridae （Mollusca： Gastropoda： Neogastropoda） from the China＇s seas. Subfamilies： Imbricariinae and Cylindromitrinae

Ninteen species of subfamilies Imbricariinae and Cylindromitrinae, family Mitridae, are recorded from the China＇s seas. Of which, one genus and six species are recorded for the first time from China＇s seas, i.e., genus Ziba Adams H and Adams A, Cancilla （Cancilla） carnicolor, Ziba duplilirata, Z. insculpta, Neocancilla circula, Scabricola （Scabricola） desetangsii, Scabricola （Swainsonia） ocellata ocellata.

MAS：新型快速样品前处理方法

现代前处理技术在要求净化效果的同时，越来越追求方法的快速及易操作性．MAS方法，作为一种多重机制杂质吸附萃取快速净化法也应运而生。

Public＇s knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists：a critical issue in eye care service utilisation

AIM：To assess the public＇s knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists and identify the factors associated with knowledge.METHODS：The study was a population-based random survey of adults aged 18 years or older conducted in Enugu,south eastern Nigeria,between March and June,2011.Data on respondents＇ socio-demographics,clinical profile,and knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists were collected using a 28-item questionnaire.Data were analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics.Values of P〈0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS：The respondents（P=394） comprised 198 males and 196 females（sex ratio =1.01：1）,aged 18-70（30.9 ±10.8） years.The majority of respondents were single（57.4%）,possessed secondary education（96.9%）,employed（65.2%） and had no health insurance（77.4%）.Their clinical profile showed previous eye exam 54.1%,spectacle wear 41.6%and contact lens wear 5.6%.In the multivariate analysis,participants＇ good knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists was significantly associated with educational status（OR：0.32,95%CI：0.23-0.44,P〈0.0001,β =-0.988）,employment status（OR：1.8,95%CI：1.45-2.25,P〈0.0001,β=0.124）and previous eye examination（OR：1.63,95%CI：1.29-2.07,P〈0.0001,β =0.549）.CONCLUSION：Participants＇ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics are important predictors of good knowledge.The findings may have implications for all stakeholders in eye care delivery.There is need for knowledge enhancement,by the government and eye care providers,through population-based eye health literacy campaigns.

Rayleigh reciprocity relations： Applications

Classical reciprocity relations have wide applications in acoustics, from field representation to generalized optical theorem. In this paper we introduce our recent results on the applications and generalization of classical Rayleigh reciprocity relation： higher derivative reciprocity relations as a generalization of the classical one and a theoretical proof on the Green＇s function retrieval from volume noises.

Fraunhofer ⅡS：将音频创新带入VR

全球领先的音频和多媒体技术研究机构Fraunhofer ⅡS在CCBN2016上展示了其系列音频创新成果，包括全球半数电视机环绕声采纳的HE—AAC技术方案，能带给用户3D声音盛宴的未来电视音频标准MPEG—H，

The simultaneity in human capital estimations： The case of China

Existing papers on human capital and growth in China has been using single equation estimations. This might cause a simultaneity bias if a two-way causality between the two variables exists. In this paper, the author performs vector autoregressive estimations using panel data on the number of graduates at each level of education as a proxy for human capital in China during 1991-2005. The results show that investment in human capital increases output per worker at all three levels of education. Regarding the effects of output per worker on the accumulation of human capital, the author finds mixed results with the primary-school graduates＇ benefits the most from increases in per capita output.

The Consolidation of Youth Lifestyle in the 1960s： Swinging London Through The Drapers＇Record Magazine

This paper discusses how consumerism boosted youth lifestyle in the 1960s--mainly through modem magazines （particularly in Britain） and built a territorial symbolic identity through fashion. In the 1960s, the consolidation of youth culture becomes an international phenomenon. With the development of ready-to-wear, adolescents begin to be target as a consumer market. The music and fashion industries unite to create and advertise youth lifestyle. The fashion shifts from Paris to London. Magazine articles and publicity set the latest trends. The method applied is research in primary source--the British journal The Drapers＇ Record aiming to recognize fashion transformation and juvenilization in this period of time. The magazine shows ads and fashion editorials （mainly feminine）, articles and news about fashion trend. There is also a brands guide for shoppers and retailers. The magazines used in the research are from 1964 to 1967, July and August issues, when the fall-winter trends are shown. From 1964 on, we notice the orientation towards a juvenile market and style, but these trends will only fully materialize through 1967. It leads to the conclusion that between 1965 and 1967 fashion juvenilization developed, reached its peak and global range.

Learning in Times of Crisis： Rural Grassroots Movement in Mexico

This paper discusses transformative learning in relation to environmental crisis in rural communities in Guanajuato （Mexico）. Environmental pollution and resource depletion have triggered reflection and perspective transformation across groups of rural communities. The study is qualitative and results are based on lengthy interviews, within a well-known context for the researcher. This article is the reflection on how transformative learning took place looking fol; lessons to be learnt for communities facing environmental challenges.