Wise utilization of water resources is becoming very important as world faces water crises. The main objective of this study was to investigate the rural water supply systems with case study in Adama area, in central ...Wise utilization of water resources is becoming very important as world faces water crises. The main objective of this study was to investigate the rural water supply systems with case study in Adama area, in central Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Four sample water schemes were selected and totally 148 (63 were female) representative households were selected for answering the questionnaires. Key informant interviews and group discussions were also conducted. The study assessed issues such as community participation, water committee empowerment, management and governance of water supply schemes, women participation, functional status of water supply scheme, sanitation and hygiene issues, external support, and monitoring system of water supply schemes. The findings indicated that the community participation in planning and implementation was very good while monitoring mechanism of operation and management as well as community participation on choice of technology was poor. The water schemes were located at reasonable distances i.e. less than 2 km in most cases and the time taken for round trip to fetch water from source was less than or equal to 30 minutes in most cases, however the queuing time was more than an hour. The water supply was inadequate as only about 15% of beneficiaries could get 20 liters of water per day per capita. The water sources were exposed in many cases to human waste, wild life, livestock and uncontrolled flooding. Sanitary practices in the study area were poor as only about 3.4% had ventilated and improved pit latrine and open pit and/or open field defecation were widely practiced.展开更多
In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application si...In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.展开更多
The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred on December 8, 2016, in Hutubi County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing three people injured. The earthquake effected areas mainly included 25 townships and towns,plus Hut...The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred on December 8, 2016, in Hutubi County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing three people injured. The earthquake effected areas mainly included 25 townships and towns,plus Hutubi County and Manas County in Changji,Hutubi and Manas. The total effected area is 12,450 km^2. In this paper,we summarize the seismo-tectonic background and geomorphic features of the earthquake zone. Under the guidance of the standard "The Earthquake Site Works-Parts4: Assessment of Direct Loss",the damage to buildings and lifeline systems with various structural types are introduced,and we ultimately estimate the direct economic losses to mud-wood houses and the destruction of brick-wood houses. Our results indicate that"The Urban and Rural Seismic Safe Housing Project"played a key role in reducing this earthquake disaster.展开更多
文摘Wise utilization of water resources is becoming very important as world faces water crises. The main objective of this study was to investigate the rural water supply systems with case study in Adama area, in central Ethiopia. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. Four sample water schemes were selected and totally 148 (63 were female) representative households were selected for answering the questionnaires. Key informant interviews and group discussions were also conducted. The study assessed issues such as community participation, water committee empowerment, management and governance of water supply schemes, women participation, functional status of water supply scheme, sanitation and hygiene issues, external support, and monitoring system of water supply schemes. The findings indicated that the community participation in planning and implementation was very good while monitoring mechanism of operation and management as well as community participation on choice of technology was poor. The water schemes were located at reasonable distances i.e. less than 2 km in most cases and the time taken for round trip to fetch water from source was less than or equal to 30 minutes in most cases, however the queuing time was more than an hour. The water supply was inadequate as only about 15% of beneficiaries could get 20 liters of water per day per capita. The water sources were exposed in many cases to human waste, wild life, livestock and uncontrolled flooding. Sanitary practices in the study area were poor as only about 3.4% had ventilated and improved pit latrine and open pit and/or open field defecation were widely practiced.
文摘In order to ensure the sustainable growth of rural economy,it is necessary to carry out further research on small-scale water conservancy projects and solve the seepage issue in rural areas.Based on the application significance of small-scale rural water conservancy projects and the analysis of anti-seepage technologies,along with specific examples,this paper specifically discusses the application of high-pressure jet technology,so as to provide reference for the development of engineering construction.
基金funded by the Key Youth Task of Earthquake Emergency,China Earthquake Administration(CEA_EDEM-201719)
文摘The Hutubi M_S6.2 earthquake occurred on December 8, 2016, in Hutubi County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, causing three people injured. The earthquake effected areas mainly included 25 townships and towns,plus Hutubi County and Manas County in Changji,Hutubi and Manas. The total effected area is 12,450 km^2. In this paper,we summarize the seismo-tectonic background and geomorphic features of the earthquake zone. Under the guidance of the standard "The Earthquake Site Works-Parts4: Assessment of Direct Loss",the damage to buildings and lifeline systems with various structural types are introduced,and we ultimately estimate the direct economic losses to mud-wood houses and the destruction of brick-wood houses. Our results indicate that"The Urban and Rural Seismic Safe Housing Project"played a key role in reducing this earthquake disaster.
