The SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study was used to evaluate the impact of various work zone and driver characteristics on back of queue safety critical events (crash, near-crash, or conflicts) The model included 43 SCE ...The SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study was used to evaluate the impact of various work zone and driver characteristics on back of queue safety critical events (crash, near-crash, or conflicts) The model included 43 SCE and 209 “normal” events which were used as controls. The traces included representing 209 unique drivers. A Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression model was developed with probability of a SCE as the response variable and driver and work zone characteristics as predictor variables. The final model indicated glances over 1 second away from the driving task and following closely increased risk of an SCE by 3.8 times and 2.9 times, respectively. Average speed was negatively correlated to crash risk. This is counterintuitive since in most cases, it is expected that higher speeds are related to back of queue crashes. However, most queues form under congested conditions. As a result, vehicles encountering a back of queue would be more likely to be traveling at lower speeds.展开更多
Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes ...Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes and characteristics of these events,taking into account the occurrence years,months,regions,education stages and types,were investigated.The results indicate that the number of school safety events has generally increased annually from 2000 to 2018 and can significantly vary each month,showing a higher frequency of occurrence during the“First Semester”(generally from September to December in China).Moreover,spatial distribution of school safety events is normally related to regional economic development;it was found that Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong is a first-level occurrence hotspots,followed by Zhejiang,Henan,Hebei and Sichuan,which are secondary occurrence hotspots.Furthermore,statistical analysis shows that the number of school safety events that occurred in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools are approximately equal(around 1/3).Finally,it was found that the school safety events caused by“Accident”(such as school bus accidents,school fires,crowded stampedes and the collapses of school buildings)occupy a large proportion(57%).展开更多
Background Evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 （PCSK9）, significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein （LDL） cholesterol levels in short-term studies. We co...Background Evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 （PCSK9）, significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein （LDL） cholesterol levels in short-term studies. We con- ducted two extension studies to obtain longer-term data.展开更多
文摘The SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study was used to evaluate the impact of various work zone and driver characteristics on back of queue safety critical events (crash, near-crash, or conflicts) The model included 43 SCE and 209 “normal” events which were used as controls. The traces included representing 209 unique drivers. A Mixed-Effects Logistic Regression model was developed with probability of a SCE as the response variable and driver and work zone characteristics as predictor variables. The final model indicated glances over 1 second away from the driving task and following closely increased risk of an SCE by 3.8 times and 2.9 times, respectively. Average speed was negatively correlated to crash risk. This is counterintuitive since in most cases, it is expected that higher speeds are related to back of queue crashes. However, most queues form under congested conditions. As a result, vehicles encountering a back of queue would be more likely to be traveling at lower speeds.
基金The authors appreciate support for this paper by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71704183).
文摘Recent years have seen increasing school safety events along with growing numbers of students in China.In this paper,more than 400 serious school safety events between 2000 and 2018 in China were collected.The causes and characteristics of these events,taking into account the occurrence years,months,regions,education stages and types,were investigated.The results indicate that the number of school safety events has generally increased annually from 2000 to 2018 and can significantly vary each month,showing a higher frequency of occurrence during the“First Semester”(generally from September to December in China).Moreover,spatial distribution of school safety events is normally related to regional economic development;it was found that Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong is a first-level occurrence hotspots,followed by Zhejiang,Henan,Hebei and Sichuan,which are secondary occurrence hotspots.Furthermore,statistical analysis shows that the number of school safety events that occurred in kindergartens,primary schools and middle schools are approximately equal(around 1/3).Finally,it was found that the school safety events caused by“Accident”(such as school bus accidents,school fires,crowded stampedes and the collapses of school buildings)occupy a large proportion(57%).
基金Funded by AmgenOSLER-1 and OSLER-2 Clinical Trials.gov numbers,NCT01439880 and NCT01854918
文摘Background Evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 （PCSK9）, significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein （LDL） cholesterol levels in short-term studies. We con- ducted two extension studies to obtain longer-term data.
