Safety risk management of underground engineering in China：Progress, challenges and strategies

Underground construction in China is featured by large scale, high speed, long construction period,complex operation and frustrating situations regarding project safety. Various accidents have been reported from time to time, resulting in serious social impact and huge economic loss. This paper presents the main progress in the safety risk management of underground engineering in China over the last decade, i.e.（1） establishment of laws and regulations for safety risk management of underground engineering,（2） implementation of the safety risk management plan,（3） establishment of decision support system for risk management and early-warning based on information technology, and（4） strengthening the study on safety risk management, prediction and prevention. Based on the analysis of the typical accidents in China in the last decade, the new challenges in the safety risk management for underground engineering are identified as follows：（1） control of unsafe human behaviors;（2） technological innovation in safety risk management; and（3） design of safety risk management regulations. Finally, the strategies for safety risk management of underground engineering in China are proposed in six aspects, i.e. the safety risk management system and policy, law, administration, economy, education and technology.

Safety evaluation system for hydraulic metal structures based on knowledge engineering

A comprehensive safety evaluation system taking the most influential factors into account has been developed to evaluate the reliability of hydraulic metal structures. Applying the techniques of AI and DB, the idea of a one-machine and three-base system is proposed. The framework of the three-base system has been designed and the structural framework constructed in turn. A practical example is given to illustrate the process of using this system and it can be used for comparison and analysis purposes. The key technology of the system is its ability to reorganize and improve the expert system＇s knowledge base by establishing the expert system. This system utilizes the computer technology inference process, making safety evaluation conclusions more reasonable and applicable to the actual situation. The system is not only advanced, but also feasible, reliable, artificially intelligent, and has the capacity to constantly grow.

Design methodology for the safety of underground rock engineering

In order to optimise the safety of underground rock engineering construction and the long-term security of the resultant facilities, it is necessary to have a knowledge of the likely hazards. These risks or hazards fall into the four categories of 'known beforehand and relatively easily addressed', 'known beforehand and not easily addressed', 'not known beforehand and relatively easily addressed', and 'not known beforehand and not easily addressed'. This paper describes how these four types of hazard can be incorporated into a design methodology approach, including the process by which the relevant mechanical rock mass parameters can be recognised for modelling and hence predictive purposes. In particular, there is emphasis on the fact that information and judgement are the keys to safety——whether the hazards are known or unknown before construction proceeds.

Key techniques for evaluation of safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering

For the evaluation of construction quality and the verification of the design of water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects, and especially for the control of dam safety operation behavior, safety monitoring sensors are employed in a majority of engineering projects. These sensors are used to monitor the project during the dam construction and operation periods, and play an important role in reservoir safety operation and producing benefits. With the changing of operating environments and run-time of projects, there are some factors affecting the operation and management of projects, such as a certain amount of damaged sensors and instability of the measured data. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate existing safety monitoring sensors in water conservancy and hydropower engineering projects. However, there are neither standards nor evaluation guidelines at present. Based on engineering practice, this study examined some key techniques for the evaluation of safety monitoring sensors, including the evaluation process of the safety monitoring system, on-site detection methods of two typical pieces of equipment, the differential resistor sensor and vibrating wire sensor, the on-site detection methods of communication cable faults, and a validity test of the sensor measured data. These key techniques were applied in the Xiaolangdi Water Control Project and Xiaoxi Hydropower Project. The results show that the measured data of a majority of sensors are reliable and reasonable, and can reasonably reflect the structural change behavior in the project operating process, indicating that the availabilities of the safety monitoring sensors of the two projects are high

Guest Editorial-Special issue on advances in mine safety science ＆ engineering

Mine safety encompasses many aspects of a mining operation,ranging from personnel and equipment safety to the safety of the environment.Mine disasters such as fires,floods,explosions,outbursts,rockbursts,ground caving,pit slope slides,and tailings dam failures,pose serious threats to the lives of mine operators,

Engineering optimization approach of nonaqueous electrolyte for sodium ion battery with long cycle life and safety

Electrolyte design strategies are closely related to the capacities, cycle life and safety of sodium–ion batteries. In this study, we aimed to optimize electrolyte with the focus on engineering aspects. The basic physicochemical properties including ionic conductivity, viscosity,wettability and thermochemical stability of the electrolytes using Na PF6 as the solute and the mixed solvent with different components of EMC,DMC or DEC in PC or EC were systematically measured. Ah pouch cell with NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)/hard carbon electrodes was used to evaluate the performance of the prepared electrolytes. By using the Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer(ICP), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC) and Accelerating Rate Calorimeter(ARC), we show that an optimized electrolyte can effectively promote the formation of a protective interfacial layer on two electrodes, which not only retards parasitic reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte but also suppresses dissolution of metal ions from the cathode. With an optimized electrolyte, a NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)/hard carbon cell can attain 56.16% capacity retention under the low temperature of -40℃, and can be able to retain 80%capacity retention after more than 2500 cycles while presenting excellent thermal safety.

Research of the Application of Nanometer Materials in Sports Engineering and the Biological Safety

In the modern material engineering, the use of nanometer materials has entered the highly and intensively utilized stage, so new nanometer materials have been continuously found to replace the traditional ordinary materials. The so-called nanometer materials have the size within l - 100nm in thickness, which originates from the 1980s. At that time, nanometer materials didn＇t have a proper development due to the economic level. t towever, with the support of science and technology, this technology has undergone tremendous changes in the related fields. There have been increasing expansion in the kinds and the width in use of the nanometer materials, so have the research of nanometer materials. In this paper, we will briefly analyze the application ofnanometer materials in the sports engineering.

An Innovative Deep Architecture for Flight Safety Risk Assessment Based on Time Series Data

With the development of the integration of aviation safety and artificial intelligence,research on the combination of risk assessment and artificial intelligence is particularly important in the field of risk management,but searching for an efficient and accurate risk assessment algorithm has become a challenge for the civil aviation industry.Therefore,an improved risk assessment algorithm(PS-AE-LSTM)based on long short-term memory network(LSTM)with autoencoder(AE)is proposed for the various supervised deep learning algorithms in flight safety that cannot adequately address the problem of the quality on risk level labels.Firstly,based on the normal distribution characteristics of flight data,a probability severity(PS)model is established to enhance the quality of risk assessment labels.Secondly,autoencoder is introduced to reconstruct the flight parameter data to improve the data quality.Finally,utilizing the time-series nature of flight data,a long and short-termmemory network is used to classify the risk level and improve the accuracy of risk assessment.Thus,a risk assessment experimentwas conducted to analyze a fleet landing phase dataset using the PS-AE-LSTMalgorithm to assess the risk level associated with aircraft hard landing events.The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 86.45%compared with seven baseline models and has excellent risk assessment capability.

Construction Safety Management of Mechanical and Electrical Installation Projects

Various industries today rely on the support of electromechanical equipment,expanding its scope of application and leading to an increase in electromechanical installation projects.However,due to the high level of expertise required and the potential risks involved,it is crucial to emphasize safety management during construction.This paper delves into the significance of construction safety management for electromechanical installation projects,identifies common problems encountered during construction,and proposes solutions.This analysis aims to provide relevant personnel with essential guidance and references for managing electromechanical installation projects safely.

Views on Differential Management in Safety Supervision of Construction Engineering

Given the advances in science and technology,rapid development of socialist market economy and continuous advance of urbanization,it is necessary to enlarge the scale of engineering construction.As the form of engineering structure becomes more complex,large-scale and high-level projects with deep foundation have appeared in engineering construction.For construction engineering,one of its technologies includes solving the difficulties in construction.It is required to deal with the safety risk of construction in time to guarantee safety construction,timely solve the management difficulties and contradictory problems of the project and ensure both the safety of engineering construction and the rationalization of the institution setting of the safety supervision on the project.

Analysis of Quality Control and Safety Management in Electrical Engineering

In the development process of the society nowadays,electrical engineering has been widely used with remarkable results,but there are still some problems in the course of actual management,which requires effective technical measures to control the quality in electrical engineering and the enhancement of safety management work.Therefore,in order to better ensure safety management requirements in electrical engineering and strengthen related trainings and thus better carried out safety management and quality control to meet respective requirements in the real world,in this paper,a brief analysis is conducted in quality control and safety management in electrical engineering.

Technical Development and Safety Risk Analysis of Urban Underground Engineering

With the rapid development of China's urban construction, the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid expansion of population, the effective development and utilization of urban underground space have attracted great attention. Therefore, it is inevitable to study the comprehensive technology of deep underground engineering, and the research results will play an important guiding role in the design and construction of middle and shallow space of underground engineering in the future. This paper analyzes several common construction techniques and methods in the current construction process of urban underground engineering, summarizes the main construction methods of underground engineering, forecasts the development of urban underground engineering construction, and analyzes the safety risks of urban underground engineering construction.

Active Tectonic Research for Seismic Safety Evaluation of Long-Line Engineering Sites in China

Long-line engineering sites usually have to pass through active tectonics, so the research of active tectonics is of great importance to seismic safety evaluation of this sort of site. In the paper, basing on the summarization and analysis of the requirements for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering site and the status quo of active tectonics research, we propose the focal points of active tectonics research for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering sites, including the research contents, technical targets and routes, and the submission of the achievements, etc. Finally, we make a preliminary analysis and discussion about the problems existing in the present-day active tectonics research for seismic safety evaluation of long-line engineering sites.

Construction and Application of Knowledge Graph for Quality and Safety Supervision of Transportation Engineering

Knowledge graph technology play a more and more important role in various fields of industry and academia.This paper firstly introduces the general framework of the knowledge graph construction,which includes three stages:information extraction,knowledge fusion and knowledge processing.In order to improve the efficiency of quality and safety supervision of transportation engineering construction,this paper constructs a knowledge graph by acquiring multi-sources heterogeneous data from supervision of transportation engineering quality and safety.It employs a bottom-up construction strategy and some natural language processing methods to solve the problems of the knowledge extraction for transportation engineering construction.We use the entity relation extraction method to extract the entity triples from the multi-sources heterogeneous data,and then employ knowledge inference to complete the edges in the constructed knowledge graph,finally perform quality evaluation to add the valid triples to the knowledge graph for updating.Subgraph matching technology is also exploited to retrieve the constructed knowledge graph for efficiently acquiring the useful knowledge about the quality and safety of transportation engineering projects.The results show that the constructed knowledge graph provides a practical and valuable tool for the quality and safety supervision of transportation engineering construction.

Analysis of Geotechnical Engineering Safety Technology in Urban Underground Space Construction

With the accelerating pace of urbanization,the development and application of urban underground space has attracted much attention.In the construction of urban underground space,geotechnical engineering safety is the key point for construction.Based on this,this paper analyzes the application of geotechnical engineering safety technology in urban underground space construction,in hope that this analysis can provide a scientific reference for the rational application of geotechnical engineering safety technology as well as the construction and development of urban underground space.

Impact of Safety-Maintenance Practices on the Overall Performance of an Industry

The study aims to evaluate how safety-maintenance practices affect the mechanical engineering industry’s overall performance in Ghana. The study used a descriptive survey design technique to ascertain the type of maintenance engineering that was practiced in Ghanaian mechanical engineering workshops at the time of the study. In the mechanical engineering workshops, respondents provided both qualitative and quantitative data using a variety of data collecting instruments, with the quantitative approach being more common. The study employed Kumasi, Tamale, and Accra’s mechanical engineering workshops as a case study. The number of mechanical engineering workshop enterprises that made up the sample size for the questionnaire administration was sixty (60), chosen at random from the AGI membership registry. Primary data was gathered using interview guides and questionnaires. To analyse the data, descriptive statistics were employed. According to the study’s findings, mechanical engineering companies combined different maintenance techniques in order to best fit their organisational culture and equipment. Preventive shut-down, with a mean score of 4.78 and RII = 0.98, placing first (1st) in the Likert rating order, is the most frequently used maintenance system by respondents. The maintenance procedures employed by mechanical engineering organisations were influenced not only by their equipment and organisational culture but also by other factors such as cost, personnel expertise and external partnerships.

CAUSALITY DIAGRAM BASED SAFETY ANALYSIS OF MICRO TURBOJET ENGINE

An improved safety analysis based on the causality diagram for the complex system of micro aero-engines is presented.The study is examined by using the causality diagram in analytical failure cases due to rupture or pentration in the receiver of micro turbojet engine casing,and the comparisons are also made with the results from the traditional fault tree analysis.Experimental results show two main advantages：（1）Quantitative analysis which is more reliable for the failure analysis in jet engines can be produced by the causality diagram analysis;（2）Graphical representation of causality diagram is easier to apply in real test cases and more effective for the safety assessment.

提高大学生专业认同感研究及其对国内大学的启示——以西弗吉尼亚大学(WVU)Mining Engineering为例

学生对所学专业的认同感是决定其专业热爱程度、学习积极性的重要影响因素。文章分析了国内矿业、安全类专业学生在专业认同感方面存在问题。阐述了国外高校在矿业工程学生专业认同感建立及培养方面的经验,提出了我国在"双一流"背景下培养采矿、安全类专业学生专业认同感的对策。

A statistical approach to determine 2D optimal equivalent linear parameters with application to earthquake engineering

The equivalent linearization method approximates the maximum displacement response of nonlinear structures through the corresponding equivalent linear system. By using the particle swarm optimization technique, a new statistical approach is developed to determine the key parameters of such an equivalent linear system over a 2D space of period and damping ratio. The new optimization criterion realizes the consideration of the structural safety margin in the equivalent linearization method when applied to the performance-based seismic design/evaluation of engineering structures. As an application, equations for equivalent system parameters of both bilinear hysteretic and stiffness degrading single-degree-of- freedom systems are deduced with the assumption of a constant ductility ratio. Error analyses are also performed to validate the proposed approach.