Compliance of Milk Quality and Safety Measures Among Milk Producers and Milk Collection Centers in South Region of Punjab Province,Pakistan

The present study was conducted in four districts of Punjab Province to examine the attitude of milk producers and milk collection agents toward compliance of milk quality and safety parameters. In current scenario, the attitude of consumers for safe food in accordance to quality standards is ever increasing. The dairy industry in Pakistan is confronting many challenges to adapt these food safety and quality measures. This study was purposely conducted in the south region of Punjab Province, as this region has rich population of livestock and milk production. To collect essential data, field study was carded out in selected four districts of Punjab Province. Field survey for dairy farmers and milk collection centers was performed in two phases. The analysis of primary data was carried out by calculating the Likert scale mean value, analysis of variance （one-way） and other descriptive statistics tools. The results showed that 76.4% milk producers had no awareness about Punjab food quality laws; as Likert-scale mean value was 1.93. The compliance level for the management practices such as Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point （HCCAP）, Good Animal Practices （GAP） and Good Veterinary Practices （GVP） etc. was also very poor. Approximately, 32.57% milk collectors （very frequently） applied milk quality testing parameters whereas 50.72% milk collectors merely used sensory quality inspection methods at the time of milk purchase from dairy farmers. For a sustainable supply of good quality raw milk to the dairy industry in Pakistan, it was recommended that the departments for hygiene and food inspection should be vigilant. The prescribed food safety laws relating to milk production and marketing activities should be enforced properly to improve the situation.

A Study on the Awareness of Fire Safety Measures for Users and Staff of Shopping Malls： The Case of Mlimani City and Quality Centre in Dar es Salaam

Shopping malls are accessed by people from all walks of life and, therefore, provision of adequate fire safety measures is equally important. In Dares Salaam, Tanzania, at large construction, use of shopping malls is a relatively new experience, and risks associated with use of shopping malls, such as fire outbreak, are not evident to frequent users. The main purpose of the study is to assess awareness of fire safety measures for users and staff of two shopping malls located in Dares Salaam. The research adopted a case study strategy, and 100 respondents were involved in the study. Both random and purposive sampling methods were used to select respondents for the study. Multiple sources of evidence were used in data collection, namely literature review, observations, questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicate that both shopping malls have in place fairly fire prevention measures with varying degrees. Majority of staff and users indicated that they know fire safety measures but their poor knowledge was reflected in assessing them on diferent equipment and installations, such as foam, hose reel, sprinklers and drenchers. The paper concludes that awarenes of fire safety measure of users and staff of the two shopping malls is relatively low. It is, therefore, recommended that provision of fire safety training and instructions, such as posters for users and seminars for staff of shopping malls, shall be a main focus of shopping malls owners and responsible authorities.

Study on the Safety and Prevention Technology of Coal Mining under the River in Xingyuan Coal Mine

Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.

Construction Technology and Safety Monitoring Measures of Road and Bridge Engineering

With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure construction,roads and bridges,as an important infrastructure content in China,directly affect people's daily travel.Therefore,the construction and management of roads and bridges must be improved to ensure the quality and safety of roads and bridges and effectively prevent safety accidents.Strengthen the management of road and bridge construction through safety monitoring,improve the safety factor of the project and ensure people's travel safety.This paper mainly analyzes the common diseases and construction technology of road and bridge engineering construction,and puts forward safety monitoring measures.

Fault Tree Analysis of Fire and Explosion Accidents for Dual Fuel （Diesel/Natural Gas） Ship Engine Rooms

In recent years, China's increased interest in environmental protection has led to a promotion of energy-efficient dual fuel(diesel/natural gas) ships in Chinese inland rivers. A natural gas as ship fuel may pose dangers of fire and explosion if a gas leak occurs. If explosions or fires occur in the engine rooms of a ship, heavy damage and losses will be incurred. In this paper, a fault tree model is presented that considers both fires and explosions in a dual fuel ship; in this model, dual fuel engine rooms are the top events. All the basic events along with the minimum cut sets are obtained through the analysis.The primary factors that affect accidents involving fires and explosions are determined by calculating the degree of structure importance of the basic events.According to these results, corresponding measures are proposed to ensure and improve the safety and reliability of Chinese inland dual fuel ships.

Integrated development and industrial application of high sour natural gas purification technology

Aiming at acute characteristics of flammability,explosibility,causticity and leakiness of high sour natural gas,giving full consideration to local natural conditions in Sichuan Province and starting with purification process,the paper analyzed process configurations,energy utilization and conservation,safety and environment protection measures. The integrated technology and engineering scheme for high sour natural gas purification was established and successfully used in industrial application.

Biosafety and biosecurity law in Thailand:From legislation to practice

Thailand has continuously established biosafety and security laws since 1932.The present law,the Pathogens and Animal Toxins Act 2015,was established for the controlled production,possession,sales,import,export,and transit of pathogens and animal toxins.The law is in accordance with the current world situation—that is,outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases and the development of modern biotechnology,such as genetic modification of pathogens with the potential for beneficial or harmful use.The principles of the pathogen control measures of Thai law are similar to those of foreign laws in countries such as Canada,the United States,Singapore,and the People’s Republic of China.Control measures are based on the risk levels of pathogens to humans,animals,and the environment.This review briefly presents details of the law’s development in Thailand.Details are given in comparison with those of other countries;the export and import of pathogens and animal toxins according to EU export controls are also discussed.The practice and experience of applying the law in Thailand are also presented.Dissemination of enforcement details will ensure effective legal biosafety and biosecurity control measures in Thailand.This may be useful for establishing a law involving regulatory controls for biosafety and biosecurity.

Landmarks in the application of electrical tomography in particle science and technology

Selected milestones in the development and use of electrical tomography in powder conveying, slurry processing and multi-phase flow are highlighted. The ability to map concentration in opaque mixtures under process-realistic conditions was a major innovation for the method and has had far reaching implications. Subsequent developments have enabled velocity information to be abstracted resulting in the ability to measure component flux and motion.