In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Wh...In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Whether or not food traceability sys- tems can guarantee food safety is a problem well worth discussing. Hence, we constructed a theoretical model to explore the effect of incentives in a food traceability system in order to improve food safety levels. The following results were obtained： enhancing the ef- fectiveness of a food traceability system, increasing the payment to farmers who supply safe agricultural products and strengthening the penalty for unsafe food supply actions are necessary conditions to improve the level of food safety. How to encourage farmers to use food traceability systems is another problem explored in our investigation. Based on a field survey on the willingness of vegetable growers to participate using a vegetable traceability system in Beijing, the first city in China to develop such a system, we used a de- scriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to investigate the factors which dominate the decision on the part of farmers to participate in a food safety system. The results indicate that i： younger farmers are more likely to get involved in a food traceability system than older farmers, ii： income from non-agricultural activities decreases the willingness of farmers to participate, iii： the high- er the cost-benefit ratio of growing vegetables, the more likely for farmers to engage in a food traceability system, iv： farmers with a great concern for food safety information have a high propensity to participate and v： increased penalties against unsafe food supply actions and high-risk expectation are adverse incentives. In contrast, high-price expectation is a positive incentive for farmers to par- ticipate, while agricultural training, government subsidies and being part of an industrial organization will significantly strengthen the confidence of farmers to participate in a food safety system.展开更多
The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the t...The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.展开更多
Background and aims： Patient plays an important role in preventing the adverse events （AEs） and harms occurredduring medical care; however, the incidence of AEs and harms can be effectively reduced if patients acti...Background and aims： Patient plays an important role in preventing the adverse events （AEs） and harms occurredduring medical care; however, the incidence of AEs and harms can be effectively reduced if patients actively andsuccessfully participate in their care. Organizations of safety management for patients and authorities of health systemagree that involve patients into the management on their care can obviously prevent medical error; whereas, the attitudesand actual actions of hospitalized patients for the view remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to explored patients’attitudes and actual actions participate in their own safety and whether patients with positive attitude are more likely totake action than others？ Methods： In the present cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was adopted torecruit a sample size consist of 2052 patients from two teaching hospitals affiliated to Medical College of ShantouUniversity located in Shantou China. We used a questionnaire consist of 7 items to investigate the attitudes and actualactions of hospitalized patients participating in their care. Then the actual actions between patients with positive andnegative attitudes were analyzed using descriptive analysis and independent t-test. Results： Most patients have a positiveattitude on engaging in their safety management activity. Although most patients have positive attitude, fewer can takeactual actions. Patients with positive attitude are more likely to take actions, but there are not statistical significantdifference for positive and negative attitudes patients in terms of some items, such as “Ask doctor or nurse to wash theirhands” and “Ask nurse or doctor to confirm your identity”, etc. Conclusions： Positive attitude is an important factor thatimproves the rate of participating in the medical care activity for patients. Based on the results of current study,interventions that improve the attitude of patient are needed to improve patients’ attitude and what is more important ishow to convert attitude into actual action. When making plan of interventions, cultural background of patients need to betaken into account.展开更多
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70873124)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(Grant No.20070019018)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Beijing(07BeJG194)
文摘In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Whether or not food traceability sys- tems can guarantee food safety is a problem well worth discussing. Hence, we constructed a theoretical model to explore the effect of incentives in a food traceability system in order to improve food safety levels. The following results were obtained： enhancing the ef- fectiveness of a food traceability system, increasing the payment to farmers who supply safe agricultural products and strengthening the penalty for unsafe food supply actions are necessary conditions to improve the level of food safety. How to encourage farmers to use food traceability systems is another problem explored in our investigation. Based on a field survey on the willingness of vegetable growers to participate using a vegetable traceability system in Beijing, the first city in China to develop such a system, we used a de- scriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to investigate the factors which dominate the decision on the part of farmers to participate in a food safety system. The results indicate that i： younger farmers are more likely to get involved in a food traceability system than older farmers, ii： income from non-agricultural activities decreases the willingness of farmers to participate, iii： the high- er the cost-benefit ratio of growing vegetables, the more likely for farmers to engage in a food traceability system, iv： farmers with a great concern for food safety information have a high propensity to participate and v： increased penalties against unsafe food supply actions and high-risk expectation are adverse incentives. In contrast, high-price expectation is a positive incentive for farmers to par- ticipate, while agricultural training, government subsidies and being part of an industrial organization will significantly strengthen the confidence of farmers to participate in a food safety system.
文摘The transport of dangerous goods always represents a potential risk to life,human health,property,and environmental protection.For this reason and in order to preserve the lives and health of the participants in the transport process,adequate protection measures must be taken before,during,and after the transport of dangerous goods.Since the railway itself is a recipient of dangerous goods that are essential for its own operation,and is also a carrier of large quantities of various dangerous goods,these measures are of paramount importance.This paper examines,from a point of view of the protection of lives and health of the participants in the transport process and the safe transport of dangerous goods,the conditions of shipment and transport of dangerous goods,the obligations of the participants,and the essential ways for their proper handling.Proper application of safety at work prevents impromptu and indolent attitude in transporting dangerous goods,thus contributing to protection of people lives and health.Finally,this paper includes preventive measures and basic principles for implementation of safety at work in the transport of dangerous goods.
文摘Background and aims： Patient plays an important role in preventing the adverse events （AEs） and harms occurredduring medical care; however, the incidence of AEs and harms can be effectively reduced if patients actively andsuccessfully participate in their care. Organizations of safety management for patients and authorities of health systemagree that involve patients into the management on their care can obviously prevent medical error; whereas, the attitudesand actual actions of hospitalized patients for the view remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to explored patients’attitudes and actual actions participate in their own safety and whether patients with positive attitude are more likely totake action than others？ Methods： In the present cross-sectional study, convenience sampling method was adopted torecruit a sample size consist of 2052 patients from two teaching hospitals affiliated to Medical College of ShantouUniversity located in Shantou China. We used a questionnaire consist of 7 items to investigate the attitudes and actualactions of hospitalized patients participating in their care. Then the actual actions between patients with positive andnegative attitudes were analyzed using descriptive analysis and independent t-test. Results： Most patients have a positiveattitude on engaging in their safety management activity. Although most patients have positive attitude, fewer can takeactual actions. Patients with positive attitude are more likely to take actions, but there are not statistical significantdifference for positive and negative attitudes patients in terms of some items, such as “Ask doctor or nurse to wash theirhands” and “Ask nurse or doctor to confirm your identity”, etc. Conclusions： Positive attitude is an important factor thatimproves the rate of participating in the medical care activity for patients. Based on the results of current study,interventions that improve the attitude of patient are needed to improve patients’ attitude and what is more important ishow to convert attitude into actual action. When making plan of interventions, cultural background of patients need to betaken into account.
