Supply Chain Cooperation between Coal Enterprise and Electric Power Enterprise in China

Based on the two-stage Stackelberg game method, value creation of supply chain cooperation between coal enterprise and power utilities is studied by formulating profit functions of coal and power enterprises and calculating the maximum profit. According to the analysis, it is found that the profit from supply chain cooperation between coal and power enterprises is more than that of non- cooperation. The cooperation is validated to be beneficial for both units; however, the profit is mainly taken by the power enterprise. Thus, it is necessary to set up the incentive mechanism to distribute cooperation value between coal and power enterprises to promote their continual cooperation.

The Way to Relieve Tense Supply Situation of Power and Coal in China

This paper introduces the situation of coal and power production, the tense supply of powercoal and deteriorated coal quality in 2004, analyzes the causes of tense supply of power and coal, one ofwhich is due to the government regulated power tariff against rapid escalation of coal price that powerenterprises can hardly afford. It also presents some policy proposals to relieve the contradiction betweencoal and power, including to intensify macroscopic regulation between industries and regions, solve theproblem of power coal transportation and reduction or exemption of tax on coal industry and circulationlinks, through secondary distribution to regulate profit difference among industries.

Business Operation of Coal Supply and Electric Power Enterprises

In recent years, the prices of primary energy especially coal continue to increase rapidly. This results in a substantial decline of profits and more operating difficulties in the downstream electric enterprises. The listed companies in both coal supply and power industries have quality assets and are the representatives of these industries. Through the analysis of the financial and operational status of the listed coal supply and power companies since 2007, the reasons for the business development difficulties in the electric power industry were discussed. Recommendations were provided including improving the coal pricing system, increasing the degree of business integration of the coal and electric power industries, and adjusting energy structure.

Advanced Strategies to Mobilize Crop Residue to Replace Coal in India

Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.

Consideration of the influence of supports in modeling the electromagnetic fields of 25 kV traction networks under emergency conditions

Single-phase 25 kV traction networks of electrified alternating current(AC)railways create electromagnetic fields(EMFs)with significant levels of intensity.The most intense magnetic fields occur when short circuits exist between the contact wire and rails or ground.Despite the short duration of exposure,they can adversely affect electronic devices and induce significant voltages in adjacent power lines,which is dangerous for operating personnel.Although numerous investigations have focused on modeling the EMF of traction networks and power lines,the challenge of determining the three-dimensional electromagnetic fields near metal supports during the flow of a short-circuit current through them is yet to be resolved.In this case,the field has a complex spatial structure that significantly complicates the calculations of intensities.This study proposes a methodology,algorithms,software,and digital models for determining the EMF in the described emergency scenarios.During the modeling process,the objects being studied were represented by segments of thin wires to analyze the distribution of the electric charge and calculate the intensities of the electric and magnetic fields.This approach was implemented in the Fazonord software,and the modeling results show a substantial increase in EMF levels close to the support,with a noticeable decrease in the levels as the distance from it increases.The procedure implemented in the commercial software Fazonord is universal and can be used to determine electromagnetic fields at any electrical power facility that includes live parts of limited length.Based on the proposed procedure,the EMF near the supports of overhead power lines and traction networks of various designs could be determined,the EMF levels at substations can be calculated,and the influence of metal structures located near traction networks,such as pedestrian crossings at railway stations,can be considered.

Towards an Ethical and Ecological Approach to Electricity Generation: A Comparative Analysis of Coal and Nuclear Power in the USA

According to the US Energy Information Administration, about 4118 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh) electricity was generated at large-scale generation facilities in 2019. About 63% of this was from fossil fuels, e.g., coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other gases. Environmental exposure to particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, mercury, arsenic, radioactive fly ash, and other pollutants are extremely detrimental to the human cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Such exposure increases the risk of lung cancer, stroke, heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, respiratory infections, and other illnesses. In light of the challenges associated with renewables providing large quantities of base load power, as well as other factors, the benefits offered by nuclear power should be reexamined by policy makers to move the country towards a more ecological and ethical method of electric power production. This paper offers a concise analysis of many of the salient issues, comparing electricity generation from coal plants and light water nuclear reactors.

Performance Analysis of Induced Draft Fan Driven by Steam Turbine for 1000 MW Power Units

Boiler fan is the main power consumption device in thermal power units and the induced draft fan accounted for the largest proportion. Reducing the energy consumption rate of induced draft fan is the main path to reduce the power consumption rate of thermal power units. The induce fan driven by small turbine is greatly effective for reducing the power consumption rate and the supply coal consumption rate in large thermal power plant. Take 1000 MW power units for example, the selection of steam source for steam turbine were discussed and economic performance of the unit under different steam source was compared in this paper. The result shows that compared with the motor driven method, there is about 1.6 g/kWh decrease in supply coal consumption rate driven by the fourth stage extraction steam;whereas there is about 2.5 g/kWh decrease in supply coal consumption rate driven by the fifth stage extraction steam.

Influence of canopy ratio of powered roof support on longwall working stability——A case study

The case study describes longwall coal seam A in a hard coal mine,where longwall coal face stability loss and periodic roof fall occurrences had been registered.The authors have attempted to explain the situation based on in-situ measurements and observations of the longwall working as well as numerical simulation.The calculations included several parameters,such as powered roof support geometry in the form of the canopy ratio,which is a factor that influences load distribution along the canopy.Numerical simulations were realized based on a rock mass model representing realistic mining and geological conditions at a depth of 600 m below surface for coal seam A.Numerical model assumptions are described,while the obtained results were compared with the in-situ measurements.The conclusions drawn from this work can complement engineering knowledge utilized at the stage of powered roof support construction and selection in order to improve both personnel safety and longwall working stability,and to achieve better extraction.

Review on safe blasting technology in high-temperature coal seams in China

In order to define the development direction of safe blasting technology in high-temperature coal seams in China, this paper presents a systematic, state-of-the-art review on safe blasting technology. Information such as high-temperature coal fire extinguishment and cooling, anti-high-temperature blasting supplies, heat insulation blasting setting, operation procedures for high-temperature blasting, and so on, are presented. Analysis shows that the development of effective technology for coal seam fire extinguishing and cooling, the manufacture of anti-high-temperature blasting supplies, especially priming materials, the development of heat insulation blasting setting, and the establishment of technical specifications suit large-scale blasting design and construction work at high-temperature coal seams, are the essential methods for safe blasting at high temperature coal seams.

“双碳”目标下民用建筑用户侧储能应用展望与策略

探索“双碳”目标下民用建筑用户侧储能应用前景和应用策略,分析建筑用户侧储能安全性等问题,探讨建筑光储直柔、储能创新技术的推广应用,并提出利用用户侧储能构建多样性自备电源的策略。

煤流-潮流协同的矿山供电系统低碳优化运行

双碳目标的提出对我国矿山绿色高效开采提出了更高的需求。为此,该文提出煤流-潮流协同的矿山供电系统优化调度方法。首先,基于煤流在采煤工作面、带式运输机、储煤筒仓等环节的连续性特征,抽象出运输煤流和节点功率耦合的运输设备模型;其次,整合煤流运输安全约束与配网潮流约束,建立煤流-潮流协同的运行优化模型;最后,以矿山用能的经济性和碳减排为目标,考虑主网实时碳计量水平,调节采煤时间、煤流速度、运输流量与设备用能,生成煤流运输和矿山电网低碳调度的优化方案。以山西某矿山供电系统为实例,验证所提模型与方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,所提模型与方法能够有效降低矿山生产的吨煤电耗、用能成本及碳排放量,实现了煤流-潮流协同的矿山低碳化经济运行。

燃煤电力工程建构筑物结构安全鉴定的若干要点分析

该文分析了燃煤电力工程建构筑物的结构安全鉴定要点,强调了随着生产力提高,结构安全性的重要性。尽管燃煤电力企业的建构筑物面临耐久性和结构安全问题,但定期检测尚未形成制度性文件。文章指出,燃煤电厂的复杂结构和恶劣环境导致许多建构筑物存在锈蚀、变形等隐患,且日常维护工作往往依赖经验,缺乏专业性。为确保安全,建议在工艺提升前进行可靠性鉴定,并每3~5年进行一次结构安全性鉴定。通过案例分析,展示了锅炉钢架的鉴定过程,强调了对结构构件的全面检测和分析,确保其承载力符合标准。最后,提出了定期检查和监测的建议,以降低安全风险,保障企业的安全生产。

能源强国目标下煤炭安全保供及高效降碳效力研究

煤炭安全保供及高效降碳效力研究可为能源强国目标下煤炭领域发展规划提供有力的决策支撑。本文从安全保供和高效降碳两个角度入手,研究了煤炭在能源强国目标下继续保持主体能源地位的潜力、能力和实力,着重通过构建煤炭安全保供的系统动力学模型预测了煤炭安全保供的效力,分析了2060年前煤炭领域的降碳效力。研究结果表明:我国煤炭的可采储量和资源分布是安全保供的基本保障,结合近20年煤炭供应和消费关系可知,我国煤炭资源具备稳定、安全、坚实的保供能力;未来煤炭的安全保供效力在波动中逐渐趋向于动态的柔性平衡;传统煤炭能源向煤基能源过渡效力是构建能源强国目标下新型能源体系的重要环节。我国煤炭领域在清洁转化与利用中体现出显著的降碳潜力,未来随着煤炭地下气化和富油煤开发利用等技术的发展应用将展现出较强的降碳效力,至2060年总体的降碳效力约为1×10^(9)t。

煤矿井下爆炸性环境下电磁波热效应的安全性研究

GB/T 3836.1—2021《爆炸性环境第1部分:设备通用要求》规定爆炸性环境中射频设备的阈功率不得大于6 W,该规定限制了大功率射频设备在煤矿井下的应用,而现有针对爆炸性环境电磁安全性的相关研究缺乏完善的理论分析和实验验证。针对上述问题,推导了电磁波热效应方程,分析得出影响电磁波耦合瓦斯和煤尘混合气体产生热能的可控参数为电磁波耦合时间、电场强度和电磁波频率。以GB/T 3836.1—2021中可能堆积煤尘的电气设备表面温度最高不能超过150℃的规定为依据,采用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL对不同发射功率的电磁波耦合瓦斯和煤尘混合气体的热效应安全性进行了仿真实验,结果表明:满足温度不超过150℃的电磁波热效应安全阈发射功率为16.48 W;随着电磁波发射功率的增加,电磁波热效应安全时长(电磁波耦合瓦斯和煤尘混合气体产生的热能不会使环境温度超过150℃对应的时间段)逐渐减少,但只要在安全时长内,电磁波的发射功率不受限制。

电化学储能电站消防安全法律治理对策

电化学储能电站消防安全法律治理对策意在通过法律手段确保电站的消防安全,以防范各类不安全事件的发生。首先,针对电化学储能法律、相关法律问题及各项储能政策展开研究;其次,分析电化学储能的基本原理,并针对储能电站电能与化学能的循环转换方式,确定电化学储能电站的供能表现,从而有目的地进行消防安全监管;最后,确定消防安全法律存在的漏洞问题,并提出相应的治理及整改意见,一方面保障法律体系的完整性,另一方面确保电化学储能电站的消防安全。

基于AI技术的智慧煤矿安全监控预警系统建设分析

介绍了基于数据、知识、算法、算力四要素搭建的AI智慧煤矿安全预警系统的架构及建设要素,分析了该预警系统在综采、掘进、运输工作面的应用场景,指出未来应加强多灾害耦合致灾机理、多源海量数据深度挖掘技术、透明地质等方面的研究。

350MW燃煤电站Se、As、Pb迁移转化规律

本文基于国内某350 MW燃煤电站开展了重金属排放控制研究,系统分析了燃煤烟气尾部净化不同位置重金属的浓度分布,揭示了Se、As、Pb等重金属的迁移转化规律。研究表明,ESP出口,1μm以下、1~2.5μm、2.5~10μm的细颗粒态Se、As、Pb浓度均低于0.80μg/m^(3),ESP对细颗粒态重金属的脱除效率均超过95%。在ESP和WFGD联合作用下,气态Se、As、Pb的综合脱除效率分别为75.62%、87.48%、40.20%,排放至大气中的气态重金属浓度显著降低。此外,由于石灰石浆液和工艺水中As含量较高,导致该机组脱硫废水和石膏中As含量分别达到199.19μg/L和22.25 mg/kg,需要引起重视。考虑到燃煤副产物利用和堆积可能引发环境累积效应,若不经处理直接排放将对周围环境的安全造成潜在风险。

能源匮乏型城市新型电力系统构建的电源侧多情景分析——以广州市为例

“安全高效”“清洁低碳”是构建新型电力系统的基本要求和核心目标。化石能源、可再生能源“双匮乏”的超大型城市在新型电力系统电源侧建设方面面临巨大挑战。构建指标体系并量化探测电源侧建设现状、未来趋势和存在的短板是精准推动新型电力系统建设的关键环节。以具有“能源匮乏严重、电力负荷密度极高”典型特征的广州市为例,构建新型电力系统电源侧指标体系,设置六种可能的供电情景,分析不同情景下新型电力系统的特征演进趋势,探寻能源匮乏型城市构建新型电力系统的突破口。结果显示,广州市电力自给率逐年提升,至2030年,A5情景下电力自给率可以达到80%,其他情景下可达68%。但电量自给率在“十五五”期间不升反降,2030年A5情景最高可达50%,A1情景最低仅有36%,电力电量差距大,电力供应安全依然难以保障。六种供电情景下,A3情景相对最为清洁低碳,A5情景最为安全,A4情景在不同阶段可以兼顾安全和低碳,政府可根据其发展目标和侧重点选择最适合的发展情景。广州市构建新型电力系统最大的短板是“低清洁度”,而广州市无法通过发展本地高比例可再生能源来破解这一难题,提高外购电的可再生能源比例才是其最优突破口。到2030年,外购电中可再生能源供电占总用电量的比例分别提高至35%、40%和45%左右时,广州市可以分别实现慢速、中速和快速新型电力系统电源侧建设目标。研究可为构建新型电力系统指标体系奠定前期研究基础,为能源匮乏型城市探索出一套新型电力系统电源侧构建的最佳组合模式。

基于PROFINET的井下保护与监控一体化系统设计

针对现有保护系统无法可靠实现煤矿井下高压供电线路短路保护的选择性,提出了一种基于实时以太网PROFINET的井下高压供电系统保护与监控一体化系统。系统主要由PROFINET网络、监视器、控制器及具有PROFINET IO接口的综保器构成,可实现保护与电力监控网络的融合,完成短路保护的选择性,同时具有电力监控功能,能够迅速确定故障点位置,缩短故障排查时间,提高供电网的安全性与可靠性。仿真结果表明,PROFINET实时性满足保护要求,系统能够可靠实现井下短路保护的选择性及电力监控功能。

煤矿供电系统防越级跳闸技术及其应用

随着煤矿生产过程中的电力需求不断增长,煤矿供电系统的安全运行成为了研究重点。首先,论述了防越级跳闸技术在煤矿供电系统中的重要性。然后,对防越级跳闸技术的实现方法进行了详细分析。接着,提出了一种基于智能电网技术的防越级跳闸方案,并通过实际煤矿供电系统的仿真实验验证了其有效性。