Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

Honey Safety Standards and Its Impacts on China's Honey Export

Food safety standard draws increasing concerns on agricultural trade throughout the world.This paper aims to assess the impact of maximum residual limit standard（MRL） of chloromycetin on honey exporting from China.To achieve this objective,the paper discusses the trends of China＇s honey production and export practices,analyzes changes on MRL of chloromycetin adopted by major importing countries,and use a gravity model to estimate the impact of MRL of chloromycetin on China＇s honey export.The results show that despite the rapid growth of China＇s honey production,honey export has declined significantly since 2000.The major reason of declining honey export was mainly due to the more stringent food safety standards indicated by MRL of chloromycetin imposed by importing countries on their honey imports.

Impact of Food Safety Standards on Food Export

This article research the food quality standards covered global and international regulations on food safety and quality, and public and private standards. The effect of global character of food safety and quality standardization shows that the important effect is increasing marginal costs of certification and accreditation, which puts pressure on export company profits in different countries. Main conclusions yield insights into the key following points： Increased food safety has been associated with higher income. Consumers and governments can afford to focus more on reducing food-borne safety risks once basic quantity needs for foods have been met or are in the process of being met. This suggests that policies focused on increasing income are the surest path to improving food safety in all countries. Food safety regulations should be designed to meet the food safety demands of consumers in rich countries and, at the same time, further the interests of both consumers and producers in poor countries.

Japanese National Safety Standards for Electrical Equipment

I am working in Japan electrical safety & environment technology laboratory,which is called JET for short. In JET, we are carrying out the safety test of electrical equipmentaccording to Japanese domestic standards or IEC standards. And in my section, our stuff is draftingsome national safety standards harmonized with IEC in cooperation with the government. The standardsare applied for the mandatory regulation and other schemes.

Electrical Safety Standards in focus

A forum, the IEC/ACOS Workshop Ⅷ-IEC safety standards in support of regulatory requirements, was held on May 22nd-23rd 2006 in Beijing to cerate an environment for technical exchange between the regulators and the standard developers with its theme on the following regards :……

Introduction to Technical Safety Standards for Cosmetics

This paper introduced the development of Technical Safety Standards for Cosmetics(TSSC). It explained changes in TSSC in detail and put forward related suggestions for implementation.

Revision of the National Standard on Safety Specification for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads

The national standard--Safety Specifications for Power Driven VehiclesOperating on Roads--is the most basic technical regulation for safety and technical management ofmotor vehicles in China. It is the safety and technical basis for the Public Security TrafficControl Dept. to register new vehicles, periodic inspection of vehicles under operation andinspection of vehicles involved in traffic accidents. It is also one of the important technicalbases of our country for compulsory inspection of new vehicles on fi-nalization of its model,ex-works inspection of new vehicles and the inspection of imported motor vehicles. Since the formalcountrywide implementation of GB7258-1997 Safety Specifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operatingon Roads on Jan. 1, 1998, the standard has played a very active role in strengthening the operatingsafety management of motor vehicles, improving the operating safety level of motor vehicles, and insafeguarding road traffic safety, etc. However, along with the rapid and sustainable growth of ournational economy, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, especially privately-ownedautomobiles, so that the incidence of road traffic accidents rises yearly and the road trafficsafety situation is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, the General Administration of QualitySupervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and theStandardization Administration of China (SAC) have issued the revised standard GB725 8-2004 SafetySpecifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads, which will be put into effect onOctober 1, 2004. The timely revision of this standard is very necessary for upgrading the safety andtechnical requirements for motor vehicles in China.

Standards Ensure Basic Life Quality and Safety

October 14th will be an important day for all of our colleagues engaged in standardization.The theme of the 2008 World Standards Day is'Intelli-gent and sustainable buildings'.The requirements for urban residential developments are rising daily,accompanied by increasing public awareness

Dynamic simulation and safety evaluation of high-speed trains meeting in open air

Dynamic responses of a carriage under excitation with the German high-speed low-interference track spectrum together with the air pressure pulse generated as high-speed trains passing each other are investigated with a multi-body dynamics method.The variations of degrees of freedom（DOFs：horizontal movement,roll angle,and yaw angle）,the lateral wheel-rail force,the derailment coefficient and the rate of wheel load reduction with time when two carriages meet in open air are obtained and compared with the results of a single train travelling at specifie speeds.Results show that the rate of wheel load reduction increases with the increase of train speed and meets some safety standard at a certain speed,but exceeding the value of the rate of wheel load reduction does not necessarily mean derailment.The evaluation standard of the rate of wheel load reduction is somewhat conservative and may be loosened.The pressure pulse has significan effects on the train DOFs,and the evaluations of these safety indexes are strongly suggested in practice.The pressure pulse has a limited effect on the derailment coefficien and the lateral wheel-rail force,and,thus,their further evaluations may be not necessary.

Residue Dynamics of Mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and Soil

[ Objective ] The paper was to study the residue dynamics of mancozeb in Capsicum annuum Linn and soil. [ Method ] Field spraying test and indoor analysis were carried out in three places of Changsha, Guangzhou and Beijing City during 2008 -2009 to study the digestion dynamics and the final residue of man- cozeb in C. annuum and soil, and gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis. [ Result]The average recovery rates of mancozeb in C. annuum and soil were 86.59%-93.03% and 92.57%-95.14%, respectively. Mancozeb had rapid digestion in C. annuum and soft with the half-life of 2.29 -4.65 and 4.01 - 4.65 d, respectively. When metalaxyl-M,mancozeb water dispersible granule was sprayed in C. annuum according to the recommend dose （ spraying for no more than three times with the spraying interval of 5 d）, the final residue of maneozeb in C. annuum collected in the third day after the last spraying was less than 2 mg/kg.

Corneal damage effects induced by infrared optical parametric oscillator radiation at 3743 nm

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the corneal damage effects induced by mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator(OPO)radiation.Experiments were performed to determine the corneal damage thresholds of New Zealand white rabbit at the wavelength of 3743 nm for ex-posurédurations of 0.1 s,1.0 s and 10.0 s.Through slit-lamp biomicroscope and histopathology,corneal injury characteristics were revealed.The damage thresholds were 3.73 J/cm^(2),7.91 J/cm^(2)and 31.1 J/cm^(2),respectively,for exposure durations of 0.1 s,1.0 s and 10.0 s.The damage data was correlated by an empirical equation:Radiant exposure at the threshold=9.72×exposure duration,^(0.46)where the units of radiant exposure and exposure duration were J/cm^(2)and second.At near-threshold level,corneal injuries at 1 h post-exposure mainly involved the epithelium,and the epithelium damages repaired at 24-h post-exposure.There are sufficient safety margins be-tween the damage thresholds and the maximum permitted exposures from current international laser safety standard IEC 60825-1.

DETERMINATION OF SUPERFICAL ABSORBED DOSE FROMEXTERNAL EXPOSURE OF WEAKLY PENETRATING RADEATIONS

The methods of determining the superficial absorbed dose distributions in a water phantom by means of the experiments and available theories have been reported. The distributions of beta dose were measured by an extrapolation ionization chamber at definite depthes corresponding to some superficial organs and tissues such as the radiosensitive layer of the skin, cornea, sclera, anterior chamber and lens of eyeball.The ratios among superficial absorbed dose D (0.07) and average absorbed doses at the depthes 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 mm are also obtained with Cross's methods. They can be used for confining the deterministic effects of some superficial tissues and organs such as the skin and the components of eyeball for weakly penetrating radiations.

CHINESE MANDATORY STANDARDS ON AUTO ACTIVE SAFETY

The Law of Standardization promulgated in 1988 divides the standards into two types: mandatory and recommended, and it stipulates clearly that the production and sale of products shall satisfy the requirements raised in the mandatory standards.

CHINESE MANDATORY STANDARDS ON AUTO PASSIVE SAFETY

In view of the actual situations of road and complicated traffic, the Chinese mandatory standards on auto passive safety are stipulated with a giant strength and as the most important part in the Chinese mandatory standard system.