Separation of Salbutamol by Nano-baskets of Calix[4]arene Bearing Sulfonyl-carboxamides in Partial-cone Conformation

Salbutamol,which increases the muscle mass and decreases the adipose tissue,is misused as nutrient repartitioning agent in the livestock.The novelty of this work is the determination of salbutamol in the livestock meat via new bonded-phases bearing eight derivatives of p-tert-calix[4]arene in partial-cone conformation.The new synthesized bonded-phases were characterized and optimized.The bonding interactions of solute and stationary-phases were examined and the main interactions were reported.The salbutamol levels in six samples of livestock meat were analyzed and the results reveal that for the best bonded-phases,the limit of detection（LOD） and limit of quantitation（LOQ） were 0.02 and 0.06 μg/mL,respectively.

Enantiomeric Separation of Epinephrine and Salbutamol by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using β-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Additive

Enantiomeric separation of epinephrine and salbutamol was investigated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography employing β-cyclodextrin as chiral additive in ammonium chloride-ammonia solution. The analytes were detected by electrochemistry using gold microelectrode at +0.65 V versus SCE reference electrode. The effects of detection potential, concentration of β-cyclodextrin, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, pH value of electrolyte and applied voltage were discussed.

Ultrasonic Studies of 4-Aminobutyric Acid in Aqueous Salbutamol Sulphate Solutions at Different Temperatures

Ultrasonic speeds of 4-aminobutyric acid in 0.0041,0.0125 and 0.0207 mol·kg^-1 aqueous salbutamol sulphate（SBS） solutions are measured at 308.15,313.15 and 318.15 K.Isentropic compressibility kS,change in isentropic compressibility△k S,relative change in isentropic compressibility（ △kS /kS^0） ,apparent molal compressibility kφ,limiting apparent molal compressibility kφ^0 ,transfer limiting apparent molal compressibility k φ^0,hydration number nH,pair and triplet interaction parameters kAS,kASS are estimated.The above parameters are used to interpret the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions of 4-aminobutyric acid in the aqueous salbutamol sulphate solutions.

Development of a Kind of Immunomagnetic Bead Kit to Separate and Enrich Salbutamol

An immunomagnetic bead kit to separate and enrich salbutamol was prepared through the reaction between salbutamol and 4-aminobenzoic acid.The kit had a catch of 20 ng/ml to salbutamol in samples,and showed no cross reaction with competitive drugs with structure and function similar to salbutamol: clenbuterol,ractopamine,phenylethanolamine A, bromchlorbuterol, brombuterol, terbutaline, hydroxymethyl salbutamol,cimaterol,tulobuterol,mapenterol,cimbuterol,clenpenterol,zilpaterol,penbutolol,clenproperol,mabuterol and clorprenaline.

Influence of budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation on Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with airway remodeling

Objective:To study the influence of budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation on Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with airway remodeling.Methods:A total of 90 patients with bronchial asthma who received systemic treatment in our hospital between July 2013 and April 2016 were divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=45) according to random number table. Patients in the control group were treated with salbutamol atomization inhalation alone while those in observation group were treated with budesonide and salbutamol atomization inhalation. The Th17/Treg ratio in peripheral blood as well as serum contents of airway remodeling-related indicators was compared between two groups before and after treatment. The correlation between Th17/Treg balance and airway remodeling in patients with bronchial asthma was detected by Pearson test. Results:Before treatment, the differences in peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio as well as serum contents of inflammatory mediators, growth factor indexes and collagen metabolism indexes were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After treatment, peripheral blood Th17/Treg ratio in observation group was lower than that in control group, serum CRP, IL-8, IL-13 and TNF- contents in observation group were lower than those in control group, serum PDGF-BB, b-FGF and VEGF contents in observation group were lower than those in control group, and serum HA, PCⅢ and LN contents in observation group were lower than those in control group. The Th17/Treg ratio in patients with bronchial asthma after treatment was positively correlated with the levels of airway remodeling-related indexes.Conclusion:Budesonide combined with salbutamol atomization inhalation can optimize the Th17/Treg balance in patients with bronchial asthma, and Th17/Treg is directly correlated to the degree of airway remodeling.

Comparative toxicity assessment between generic salbutamol sulphate inhaler containing hydrofluoroalkane and Ventolin Evohaler

Salbutamol is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is mostly taken through an inhaler device. The comparative toxicity assessment between two salbutamol sulfate preparations containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) metered dose inhalers with 100 μg per puff was evaluated in selected patients with asthma and COPD after prescribing. An open label, non-randomized, non-interventional observational study was designed. A large cohort of patients with asthma or related respiratory disorder of the general population from Dhaka and Chittagong of Bangladesh were recruited and treated with prescribed generic preparation Azmasol inhaler and brand preparation Ventolin Evohaler. Total 508 patients with asthma and minor obstructive airway disease were selected by the general medical practitioners in Bangladesh those who visited out patient consultation center in hospitals and physicians’ chambers and reported any adverse side effects of inhaled medications. There were no significant differences between the metered dose generic preparation Azmasol inhaler and Ventolon Evohaler among the patients treated with the medicines in asthma and related respiratory diseases in terms of adverse effects like immune system problem,dizziness,tremor,headache,nervousness,diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,heartburn,palpitation,skin rash,hypertension and taste feeling. It is concluded that Azmasol Inhaler, the generic salbutamol sulphate metered dose preparation containing HFA was as safe as the Ventolin Evohaler,a salbutamol sulfate brand preparation containing HFA when given to the patients in primary care after their physicians’ visits. Both the preparations have shown the similar safety profiles after regular use.

Variations in Inflammatory Cells and IL-6 in Long-Distance Runners Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Previously Treated with Salbutamol

Background: Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm (EIB) is an inflammatory condition characterized by severe airway constriction following the mobilization of inflammatory cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6). When severe, EIB can require the use of pressurized salbutamol to treat athletes. This study investigated the nature of the systemic changes in inflammatory cells and post-exercise IL-6 concentrations after salbutamol treatment in EIB-susceptible distance runners. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study that enrolled 12 long-distance runners. In Session A, the participants completed a treadmill exercise test, and those who had a maximum expiratory volume per second (FEV1) that was decreased by at least 10% compared to their base value were placed in the EIB-susceptible group (EIB+) (n = 6). Those whose FEV1 did not meet this criterion were placed in the nonresponsive (EIB?) group (n = 6). Before the Session B exercise, athletes in the BIE+ group inhaled two puffs of salbutamol (EIB+ Salb), while their EIB? counterparts received no treatment. Spirometry was performed before and after the exercise using a Spirobank G portable spirometer. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after and 2 hours after the stress test. Results: The mean post-exercise FEV1 values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the EIB+ Salb group and the EIB? group. The systemic changes in inflammatory cells and IL-6 concentrations in the EIB+ runners after salbutamol treatment were similar to those observed in their EIB? counterparts. Conclusion: Salbutamol pretreatment improved the systemic immune status of EIB-susceptible athletes.

Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate Content by Molecular Spectroscopy with Cu2+ as a Medium

Salbutamol sulfate was coordinated with Cu2+ when pH was 10, and the characteristic absorption peak of the complex was generated at 334 nm. The absorption intensity of the complex was in linear relation with the concentration of salbutamol sulfate. The regression equation was A=0.011 ρsalbutamol sulfate-0.123 0, correlation coefficient r=0.999 5, and the detection limit was 4.6 μg/ml. It was used for the determination of salbutamol sulfate samples successfully. The recovery rate was 100.5%-103.0%, and the RSD was 1.5%.

Preparation of Ultra-fine Salbutamol Sulfate Particles by Reactive Precipitation and Characterization of Dry Powder Inhalant

The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _

Hollow fiber liquid-supported membrane technology for enantioseparation of racemic salbutamol by combinatorial chiral selectors

Enantioseparation of salbutamol solute was carried out in liquid-supported membrane by using a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber module. The enantioselective transport of solute was facilitated by combinatorial chiral selectors, which were dissolved in toluene organic solvent. The effects of molar concentration ratios of salbutamol to combinatorial chiral selectors, and the pH value of buffer solution on enantioseparation were investigated. The results show that when the molar concentration ratio is 2∶1∶1, the maximum separation factor and enantiomer excess are 1.49 and 19.74%, respectively, and the R-enantiomer flux is more than S-enantiomer; the pH value of buffer solution influences the performances of enantioseparartion obviously, and the appropriate range of pH value is 7.07.2.

Design and comparative in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of starch-acrylate graft copolymer based salbutamol sulphate sustained release tablets

The present work deals with the development of controlled release tablets of salbutamol sulphate(SS)using graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate(St-g-PMMA and Ast-g-PMMA)on starch and acetylated starch.Formulations were evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness,friability,drug release,drug content and weight variations,which fulfilled all the official requirements of tablet dosage form.The release rates from formulated matrix tablets were studied at SGF(pH 1.2)followed by SIF(pH 6.8).Drug release from the graft copolymer based tablets was found to be sustained upto the 14 h with>75%drug release.The in-vitro release study showed that the graft copolymer based matrix formulations(F3&F4)exhibited highest correlation value(r2)for higuchi kinetic model and Korsmeyer's model with n values between 0.61 and 0.67 proved that release mechanisms were governed by both diffusion and erosion mechanism.There was no significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters(tmax,Cmax,AUC,Ke,and t1/2)of the graft copolymers matrices and HPMC K100M matrix tablets,indicating their comparable sustained release effect.The potential of graft copolymers to sustain the drug release is well supported by in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies and their adequate physicochemical properties make them promising excipients for controlled drug delivery system.

2020-2021年四川盆地南部暴雨多模式预报的SAL和精细化检验

【目的】为衡量不同数值模式对盆地南部暴雨过程的预报能力。【方法】利用中国智能网格三源融合降水产品(CMPAS),针对SCMOC、ECthin和CMA-MESO模式对盆地南部2020-2021年23次暴雨过程进行SAL检验和精细化预报检验。【结果】(1)SCMOC、ECthin和CMA-MESO模式对盆地南部暴雨过程的降水范围预报均偏大(S>0),ECthin和CMA-MESO模式08时起报对降水结构预报最优;ECthin对降水强度预报偏小(A<0),SCMOC和CMA-MESO模式对降水强度预报偏大(A>0),且ECthin 08时起报降水强度预报偏差最小;(2)对于大雨量级以上降水预报的TS检验,各模式不同起报时次的TS评分均呈单峰型,23时-次日02时TS评分最高,14-20时之间的评分较低;(3)各模式对泸州降水频率预报较好,但对自贡和宜宾降水频率中心区域预报显著偏南;(4)ECthin和SCMOC对降水的最易开始和结束时间预报偏差基本在3 h(1个时效)以内,以SCMOC 08时起报对盆地南部降水开始和结束时间预报最好,但对偏南区域的降水结束时间预报偏早。【结论】该研究深入分析了不同模式对盆地南部暴雨过程的预报特征,对提高强降水的精细化预报能力有一定的指导意义。

SAL催化剂在气相法聚丙烯装置上的工业应用

介绍了SAL催化剂在气相法聚丙烯装置上的工业应用试验情况;考察了SAL催化剂的聚合适应性和共聚性能,并与进口催化剂进行了比较。试验结果表明,SAL催化剂的主要组成与进口催化剂相近,但微观结构与进口催化剂有一定的差异,孔体积和孔径略大。工业应用结果表明,SAL催化剂聚合活性高、氢调敏感性好;生产的聚丙烯粉料粒径分布窄、粒形好、无超细粉、流动性好,工业装置运行平稳;用核磁共振、示差扫描量热、凝胶渗透色谱等手段对用两种催化剂生产的聚丙烯的结构和性能进行表征。表征结果显示,用两种催化剂生产的聚丙烯的机械性能相当,微观结构也基本一致。

基于SAL方法对一次区域性大暴雨过程多模式预报空间检验及误差分析

采用SAL定量降水预报检验方法,对2017年梅雨期一次区域性极端降水过程EC-THIN、RIOF、NCEP、CMA的高分辨率数值预报产品,从结构、强度和位置3个方面进行检验对比,同时对72 h内各模式降水预报稳定性开展检验分析。在此基础上,剖析了降水预报误差成因。分析发现:(1)在降水分布上,RIOF、EC-THIN和CMA预报的雨带走向与实况基本一致,NCEP预报主雨带范围偏大,暴雨区偏东;(2)雨区结构上RIOF和EC-THIN把握较好,NCEP和CMA在降水强度方面预报较好,位置预报上各家误差均较小,其中CMA误差最小;(3)EC-THIN和NCEP在结构、强度和位置预报上均有较好的稳定性。CMA在降水强度方面预报稳定较好,位置预报上调整较大。RIOF在降水结构预报上稳定性较好,落区预报上变化幅度较大;(4)降水预报误差根本原因是由系统预报误差而形成,系统强度、位置、移动直接影响着降水偏差。垂直物理量的预报偏差对降水时段、加强、强度也具有一定影响。

转录因子婆罗双树样基因4(SALL4)研究进展

婆罗双树样基因4(sal-like4,SALL4)位于染色体20q13.13-13.2,编码蛋白是1个含有8个锌指基序的转录因子。近年的研究表明,SALL4基因在胚胎早期发育、器官形成以及胚胎干细胞增殖和多能性维持方面发挥着重要作用。SALL4基因不同位点的杂合子突变产生无义突变或移框突变,导致终止密码子提前出现,其与常染色体显性遗传病Okihiro综合征、雅-肾-眼综合征、IVIC综合征发病相关。在生殖细胞肿瘤、肝样胃癌、急性髓系白血病和前驱B淋巴细胞白血病/淋巴瘤中SALL4表达水平增高。本文就SALL4的结构、功能及其与相关疾病的关系进行综述。

基于移动4G智能SAL生态系统模型研究

基于移动4G智能SAL(自服式辅助学习)生态系统是以后台大数据模块、移动4G终端UI模块、4G通讯网络为依据的新型智能化SAL模式。本文分析了移动4G网络策略、大数据服务策略、移动4G终端策略、UI界面策略,建立一个完整的移动4G智能SAL生态系统模型。

SAL指引导管在起源异常的右冠状动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的探讨SAL指引导管在起源异常的右冠状动脉行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年3月于淮北矿工总医院住院的22例右冠状动脉开口异常患者的介入诊疗资料。所有患者均常规采用经右侧桡动脉入径,选择JR或Tiger指引导管行右冠状动脉造影,若造影提示右冠状动脉开口异常并有PCI适应证,或经反复尝试造影导管无法到达右冠状动脉开口时,改用SAL指引导管造影。观察患者术中及术后血管痉挛、慢血流、无复流、开口撕裂、夹层、急性闭塞及主要不良心血管事件的发生情况。结果 22例患者中开口位于主动脉壁7例(31.8%)、左冠状窦7例(31.8%)、左回旋支2例(9.1%)及右冠状窦上方6例(27.3%)。10例(45.5%)患者经JR或Tiger指引导管完成冠状动脉造影,后有2例更换SAL指引导管完成PCI术;12例(54.5%)患者经JR或Tiger指引导管反复尝试均无法完成冠状动脉造影,更换SAL指引导管后11例造影成功,其中3例行PCI术。1例患者应用JR、Tiger及SAL指引导管反复尝试仍未能完成冠状动脉造影,后经冠状动脉CT血管造影证实开口于升主动脉侧壁。术中所有患者均未见血管痉挛、慢血流、无复流、开口撕裂、夹层、急性闭塞等并发症发生。术后随访6~12个月,未见心源性死亡、急性心肌梗死及靶血管再次血运重建等主要不良心血管事件发生。结论对于起源异常的右冠状动脉采用SAL指引导管行PCI,成功率高,且安全有效。

SAL定量降水预报检验方法的解释与应用

引入德国定量降水预报检验SAL方法,以2009年6月29日降水(长江中下游2009年入梅首场降水)为例,对AREM、T639、T213、JAPAN模式0～24h降水预报的SAL检验进行剖析,与SAL方法原理介绍相结合,全面而详细地对SAL检验方法进行阐释,通过对2009年三次大范围强降水的检验,分析和总结SAL方法在降水预报检验中的应用。结果表明:1)SAL检验方法是对某一天降水的预报效果进行检验的方法,它可对雨带的预报从强度(A)、位置(L)、结构(S)三方面进行评估。2)SAL检验结果中,对降水预报效果指示意义最大的为L值,L值越小,预报效果好的可能性越大,A值其次,S值再次。3)SAL值只在针对同一个降水实况的条件下具有可比性,不同降水日,因作为检验参考系的实况不同,其S、A、L值不具可比性。

Eu(Sal)_3Phen的荧光性能及其合成工艺的研究

详细考察了合成工艺(加料方式和加料顺序)对稀土有机三元配合物铕-啉菲咯啉-水杨酸(Eu(Sal)3Phen)荧光性能的影响,发现单体的添加方式和添加顺序对Eu(Sal)3Phen的荧光性能有影响;对Eu(Sal)3Phen做了红外光谱表征(IR),表明所采用的工艺条件可以生成Eu(Sal)3Phen配合物;且对各种工艺条件下合成的Eu(Sal)3Phen做了相态结构观察(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD),发现凡是在能合成荧光性能较好的Eu(Sal)3Phen的工艺条件下合成的Eu(Sal)3Phen的结构较规整,结晶性好。从而表明,合成结构规整,结晶性好的稀土有机配合物是提高其荧光性能的重要因素之一。

SALL2基因在口腔肿瘤中的表达和意义

目的研究婆罗双树样基因2(SALL2)在口腔肿瘤中的表达,探究其对口腔肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移能力的影响。方法构建SALL2基因过表达及敲低的口腔肿瘤(SCC-3)细胞株,通过MTT实验、细胞划痕实验观察细胞增殖、迁移的变化;收集15组口腔肿瘤组织与瘤旁组织,应用QRTPCR法检测组织中SALL2 m RNA的表达。结果细胞划痕试验与MTT实验结果表明过表达SALL2基因可降低细胞增殖、迁移能力,敲低SALL2基因可增强细胞增殖、迁移能力;SALL2基因在口腔肿瘤中的表达明显低于正常口腔组织(P<0.05)。结论 SALL2基因在口腔肿瘤细胞及组织中低表达,可抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移,可能作为口腔肿瘤的早期诊断和预后判断的早期指标。