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UK manufacturers'sales decline 10%in Q12024
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《China Textile》 2024年第3期58-58,共1页
UK manufacturers experienced a challenging start to 2024,with sales in the first quarter(Q1)down 10 per cent on the previous quarter,according to a report by Unleashed.However,year-on-year growth showed a modest incre... UK manufacturers experienced a challenging start to 2024,with sales in the first quarter(Q1)down 10 per cent on the previous quarter,according to a report by Unleashed.However,year-on-year growth showed a modest increase of 2 per cent,reflecting the Bank of England’s assessment of weak growth in the manufacturing sector. 展开更多
关键词 sales QUARTER MANUFACTURER
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Research on the Improvement of Incentive Mechanism for Pharmaceutical Sales Personnel - Taking Company A as an Example
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作者 Jia Fan Tian Lijuan 《Asian Journal of Social Pharmacy》 2024年第3期272-278,共7页
Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A,and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term.Methods Compensa... Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A,and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term.Methods Compensation incentive,performance appraisal,welfare benefit,training incentive,promotion motivation and enterprise cultural inspiration were explored through questionnaires,telephone interviews and in-person interviews.Results and Conclusion This company’s incentive mechanism has problems in two aspects:Material incentives and spiritual incentives.As to the company’s characteristics and strategic development,the optimization countermeasures of incentive mechanism are proposed from the following three aspects:constructing a reasonable incentive system,establishing an efficient spiritual incentive mechanism,and implementing the dynamic incentive and differentiated incentive simultaneously. 展开更多
关键词 pharmaceutical company sales personnel incentive mechanism STRATEGY
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A Study on the Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Decision Under the Live-Streaming Sales Model
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作者 Zhaoxia Zhang Yating Mo Yijun Xia 《Journal of Electronic Research and Application》 2024年第3期185-190,共6页
In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreami... In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry. 展开更多
关键词 Live streaming sales model CONSUMERS Purchase decisions Influencing factors
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From Trends to Drivers:Key Factors Propelling Electric Vehicle Sales
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作者 Yujin Li 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第4期177-182,共6页
With the rapid advancement of human economic levels and modern civilization,the automobile manufacturing industry is increasingly confronted with challenges related to energy scarcity and environmental pollution.Low c... With the rapid advancement of human economic levels and modern civilization,the automobile manufacturing industry is increasingly confronted with challenges related to energy scarcity and environmental pollution.Low carbon emissions and energy savings have become the main focus of automotive development.Under the influence of government incentives,the sales of household electric vehicles(EVs)have increased significantly,although they still represent a small share of the overall car market.To examine the factors influencing consumer purchases of household EVs,this report integrates both qualitative and quantitative analyses,controlling for single variables.Using linear regression,an empirical analysis was conducted on 18 BYD models with varying ranges and prices.The results indicate a strong positive correlation between driving range,selling price,and EV sales.Looking ahead,the development of new energy vehicles should prioritize longer ranges,high-quality features,and cost-effective performance. 展开更多
关键词 Electric vehicle Endurance mileage Selling price EV sales Empirical analysis
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The Impact of The Three-Dimensional Cultivation Model on the Development of the Suzhou Tea Industry:Estimating Value of Output Per Acre and Diversified Sales Models
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作者 Shan Hao 《Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies》 2024年第3期126-132,共7页
This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introdu... This article explores the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on the development of the Suzhou tea industry,focusing on the diversified estimation of the value of output per acre and sales mode.It introduces the history and traditional cultivation practices of tea in Suzhou,as well as the current challenges and problems faced by the industry.An in-depth analysis was conducted on the overview and improvement plans of the three-dimensional cultivation mode,covering relevant technical methods.Based on this analysis,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation on the value of output per acre was studied and predicted.Its potential and advantages were explored and compared with the effectiveness of traditional cultivation models.Additionally,the impact of the three-dimensional cultivation mode on sales was analyzed,examining its market adaptability and competitiveness,as well as its advantages in expanding sales channels and market coverage.The study also focused on the promoting effect of diversified sales models on the Suzhou tea industry,including direct consumption market development,tea processing product development and promotion,and the integration of tea culture and the tourism industry.To ensure sustainable development,the article evaluates the environmental impact,economic feasibility,social benefits,and farmer benefits of the three-dimensional cultivation model.Finally,the prospects for the development of the Suzhou tea industry were discussed,and the positioning and response strategies of the threedimensional cultivation model were proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Suzhou tea industry Stereoscopic cultivation mode Value of output per acre sales model DIVERSIFICATION
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论基于SALES模型的销售技巧 被引量:1
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作者 任晶 《现代商业》 2013年第33期50-50,共1页
所谓SALES模型是将英文单词SALES分解成See、Ask、Listen、Eat和Smile等5个单词,这5个单词又分别对应看、问、听、吃、笑等5种销售人员需要掌握的"待客"技巧,本文将以此为基础进行分析,阐述一下销售人员如何提高自身的业务素... 所谓SALES模型是将英文单词SALES分解成See、Ask、Listen、Eat和Smile等5个单词,这5个单词又分别对应看、问、听、吃、笑等5种销售人员需要掌握的"待客"技巧,本文将以此为基础进行分析,阐述一下销售人员如何提高自身的业务素质,不断改善客情关系。 展开更多
关键词 销售 sales模型
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The Variance Analysis on Enterprise of Different Ways of Sales:Based on Analysis of Enterprise Tax Burden and Cash Flows
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作者 龚雅洁 绳朋云 靳继刚 《石家庄经济学院学报》 2016年第3期100-103,112,共5页
在目前竞争激烈的市场经济环境中,许多企业为了维持或扩大自己商品的市场份额,往往采取多种多样的销售方式,以达到促销的目的,而且随着经济的发展以及互联网时代的来临,销售形式也越来越多.基于企业税负与现金净流量的基础上对9 种销售... 在目前竞争激烈的市场经济环境中,许多企业为了维持或扩大自己商品的市场份额,往往采取多种多样的销售方式,以达到促销的目的,而且随着经济的发展以及互联网时代的来临,销售形式也越来越多.基于企业税负与现金净流量的基础上对9 种销售方式从企业税负与现金净流量两个方面进行了分析与研究.研究发现税负高的销售方式,可能其现金净流量也比较高,因此企业在经营销售过程中,不能只考虑税负的问题,还要考虑企业现金净流量的问题,甚至是企业的整体发展问题以及顾客对销售方式的接受程度. 展开更多
关键词 销售方式 纳税筹划 税负 现金净流量
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Influence of Surrounding Structures upon the Aerodynamic and Acoustic Performance of the Outdoor Unit of a Split Air-Conditioner 被引量:3
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作者 WU Chengjun LIU Jiang PAN Jie 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第4期836-845,共10页
DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structu... DC-inverter split air-conditioner is widely used in Chinese homes as a result of its high-efficiency and energy-saving. Recently, the researches on its outdoor unit have focused on the influence of surrounding structures upon the aerodynamic and acoustic performance, however they are only limited to the influence of a few parameters on the performance, and practical design of the unit requires more detailed parametric analysis. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation based on FLUENT solver is used to study the influence of surrounding structures upon the aforementioned properties of the unit. The flow rate and sound pressure level are predicted for different rotating speed, and agree well with the experimental results. The parametric influence of three main surrounding structures(i.e. the heat sink, the bell-mouth type shroud and the outlet grille) upon the aerodynamic performance of the unit is analyzed thoroughly. The results demonstrate that the tip vortex plays a major role in the flow fields near the blade tip and has a great effect on the flow field of the unit. The inlet ring's size and throat's depth of the bell-mouth type shroud, and the through-flow area and configuration of upwind and downwind sections of the outlet grille are the most important factors that affect the aerodynamic performance of the unit. Furthermore, two improved schemes against the existing prototype of the unit are developed, which both can significantly increase the flow rate more than 6 %(i.e. 100 m3·h~(-1)) at given rotating speeds. The inevitable increase of flow noise level when flow rate is increased and the advantage of keeping a lower rotating speed are also discussed. The presented work could be a useful guideline in designing the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of the split air-conditioner in engineering practice. 展开更多
关键词 DC-inverter split air-conditioner outdoor unit surrounding structure computational fluid dynamics(CFD) computational aerodynamic acoustics(CAA) simulation improved design
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Sales Prediction and Product Recommendation Model Through User Behavior Analytics 被引量:2
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作者 Xian Zhao Pantea Keikhosrokiani 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2022年第2期3855-3874,共20页
The COVID-19 has brought us unprecedented difficulties and thousands of companies have closed down.The general public has responded to call of the government to stay at home.Offline retail stores have been severely af... The COVID-19 has brought us unprecedented difficulties and thousands of companies have closed down.The general public has responded to call of the government to stay at home.Offline retail stores have been severely affected.Therefore,in order to transform a traditional offline sales model to the B2C model and to improve the shopping experience,this study aims to utilize historical sales data for exploring,building sales prediction and recommendation models.A novel data science life-cycle and process model with Recency,Frequency,and Monetary(RFM)analysis method with the combination of various analytics algorithms are utilized in this study for sales prediction and product recommendation through user behavior analytics.RFM analysis method is utilized for segmenting customer levels in the company to identify the importance of each level.For the purchase prediction model,XGBoost and Random Forest machine learning algorithms are used to build prediction models and 5-fold Cross-Validation method is utilized to evaluate their.For the product recommendation model,the association rules theory and Apriori algorithm are used to complete basket analysis and recommend products according to the outcomes.Moreover,some suggestions are proposed for the marketing department according to the outcomes.Overall,the XGBoost model achieved better performance and better accuracy with F1-score around 0.789.The proposed recommendation model provides good recommendation results and sales combinations for improving sales and market responsiveness.Furthermore,it recommend specific products to new customers.This study offered a very practical and useful business transformation case that assists companies in similar situations to transform their business models. 展开更多
关键词 Business transformation behavior analytics customer segmentation sales prediction product recommendation
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Parameters Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms in Support Vector Regression for Sales Volume Forecasting 被引量:1
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作者 Fong-Ching Yuan 《Applied Mathematics》 2012年第10期1480-1486,共7页
Budgeting planning plays an important role in coordinating activities in organizations. An accurate sales volume forecasting is the key to the entire budgeting process. All of the other parts of the master budget are ... Budgeting planning plays an important role in coordinating activities in organizations. An accurate sales volume forecasting is the key to the entire budgeting process. All of the other parts of the master budget are dependent on the sales volume forecasting in some way. If the sales volume forecasting is sloppily done, then the rest of the budgeting process is largely a waste of time. Therefore, the sales volume forecasting process is a critical one for most businesses, and also a difficult area of management. Most of researches and companies use the statistical methods, regression analysis, or sophisticated computer simulations to analyze the sales volume forecasting. Recently, various prediction Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques have been proposed in forecasting. Support Vector Regression (SVR) has been applied successfully to solve problems in numerous fields and proved to be a better prediction model. However, the select of appropriate SVR parameters is difficult. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of SVR, a hybrid intelligent support system based on evolutionary computation to solve the difficulties involved with the parameters selection is presented in this research. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are used to optimize free parameters of SVR. The experimental results indicate that GA-SVR can achieve better forecasting accuracy and performance than traditional SVR and artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models in sales volume forecasting. 展开更多
关键词 BUDGETING Planning sales Volume Forecasting Artificial Intelligent Support VECTOR Regression GENETIC Algorithms Artificial NEURAL Network
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Environmental Benefits for Phase-Out HCFC-22 in the Residential Air-Conditioner Sector in China 被引量:1
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作者 Tingting Wan Yanwei Dou +4 位作者 Lei Wang Lirong Yang Xiaofang Zhou Dan Wan Jianxin Hu 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2011年第2期86-92,共7页
China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and the production of HCFC-22 accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs. This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner indus... China is the largest producer and consumer of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and the production of HCFC-22 accounts for more than 80% of all HCFCs. This paper concentrates on the residential air-conditioner industry and analyzes the environmental benefits of accelerating the phase-out of HCFC-22 in China. According to the comparison of the baseline and phase-out scenarios of HCFC-22, the findings show that using HC-290 (propane) as a refrigerant alternative will directly reduce the greenhouse effect, and indirectly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases due to a reduction in the electricity consumption. The comparison of two scenarios of HC-290 and HFC-410A refrigerant alternatives shows that the use of HC-290 refrigerant will produce significantly higher environmental benefits than the HFC-410A refrigerant. 展开更多
关键词 HCFC-22 HFC-410A HC-290 residential air-conditioner GWP ODP
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Product Specification Analysis for Modular Product Design Using Big Sales Data 被引量:2
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作者 Jian Zhang Bingbing Li +1 位作者 Qingjin Peng Peihua Gu 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期19-33,共15页
Big data on product sales are an emerging resource for supporting modular product design to meet diversified customers’requirements of product specification combinations.To better facilitate decision-making of modula... Big data on product sales are an emerging resource for supporting modular product design to meet diversified customers’requirements of product specification combinations.To better facilitate decision-making of modular product design,correlations among specifications and components originated from customers’conscious and subconscious preferences can be investigated by using big data on product sales.This study proposes a framework and the associated methods for supporting modular product design decisions based on correlation analysis of product specifications and components using big sales data.The correlations of the product specifications are determined by analyzing the collected product sales data.By building the relations between the product components and specifications,a matrix for measuring the correlation among product components is formed for component clustering.Six rules for supporting the decision making of modular product design are proposed based on the frequency analysis of the specification values per component cluster.A case study of electric vehicles illustrates the application of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 Modular product design Customer preference Product specifications Correlation analysis Big sales data Electric vehicle
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Forecast of Consumption and Emission of HFC-134a Used in the Mobile Air-conditioner Sector in China 被引量:1
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作者 Jianxin Hu Dan Wan +2 位作者 Chunmei Li Jianbo Zhang Xu Yi 《Advances in Climate Change Research》 SCIE 2010年第1期20-26,共7页
HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in t... HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in the sector. Selecting 2005 as the base line year, future consumption and emission amounts of HFC-134a are estimated through an analysis of a combined scenario: 1) replacement by non-HFC-134a blends, 2) good practice in servicing, 3) technology promotion, and 4) government policies on control of HFC-134a emissions. The analysis shows that HFC-134a consumption and emissions will continue to increase in the next 10 years. The projected HFC-134a consumption will approach 20,150 t and 34,875 t in 2010 and 2015 respectively, while the estimated emission amounts will reach 16,065 t and 30,186 t (i.e., 21 Mt CO2-eq and 39 Mt CO2-eq emissions) correspondingly. Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, the expected emission reductions in 2010 and 2015 will range between 6.7 Mt CO2-eq and 13.0 Mt CO2-eq. 展开更多
关键词 mobile air-conditioner HFC-134A emission reduction
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Spatial Patterns of Car Sales and Their Socio-economic Attributes in China 被引量:1
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作者 LIU Daqian LO Kevin +1 位作者 SONG Wei XIE Chunyan 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第5期684-696,共13页
Using data from the Economic Advisory Center of the State Information Center(SIC), we examined the spatial patterns of car sales in China at the prefectural level in 2012. We first analyzed the spatial distributions o... Using data from the Economic Advisory Center of the State Information Center(SIC), we examined the spatial patterns of car sales in China at the prefectural level in 2012. We first analyzed the spatial distributions of car sales of different kinds of automakers(foreign automakers, Sino-foreign joint automakers, and Chinese automakers), and then identified spatial clusters using the local Moran's indexes. Location quotient analysis was applied to examine the relative advantage of each type of automaker in the local markets. To explain the variations of car sales across cities, we collected several socioeconomic variables and conducted regression analyses. Further, factor analysis was used to extract independent variables to avoid the problem of multicollinearity. By incorporating a spatial lag or spatial error in the models, we calibrated our spatial regression models to address the spatial dependence problem. The analytical results show that car sales varied significantly across cities in China, and most of the cities with higher car sales were the developed cities. Different automakers exhibit diverse spatial patterns in terms of car sales volume, spatial clusters, and location quotients. The scale and incomes factor were extracted and verified as the two most significant and positive factors that shape the spatial distributions of car sales, and together with the spatial effect, explained most of the variations of car sales across cities. 展开更多
关键词 car sales spatial clusters Location Quotient socio-economic attributes China
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A New Type of Combination Forecasting Method Based on PLS——The Application of It in Cigarette Sales Forecasting 被引量:1
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作者 Biao Luo Liang Wan +1 位作者 Wei-Wei Yan Jie-Jie Yu 《American Journal of Operations Research》 2012年第3期408-416,共9页
Cigarette market is a kind of monopoly market which is closed loop running, it depends on the plan mechanism to schedule producing, supplying and selling, but the “bullwhip effect” still exists. So it has a fundamen... Cigarette market is a kind of monopoly market which is closed loop running, it depends on the plan mechanism to schedule producing, supplying and selling, but the “bullwhip effect” still exists. So it has a fundamental significance to do sales forecasting work. It needs to considerate the double trend characteristics, history sales data and other main factors that affect cigarette sales. This paper depends on the panel data of A province’s cigarette sales, first we established three single forecasting models, after getting the predicted value of these single models, then using the combination forecasting method which based on PLS to predict the province’s cigarette sales of the next year. The results show that the prediction accuracy is good, which could provide a certain reference to cigarette sales forecasting in A province. 展开更多
关键词 PLS ARMA Time Series METHOD Combination Forecasting METHOD sales FORECAST
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Research on the sales channels of the household appliances market 被引量:1
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作者 SUN Jian-xia 《Chinese Business Review》 2007年第3期28-33,共6页
Chinese traditional sales channels are seriously attacked by the new ones. Household appliances industry will realize the specialized divisions of. development, manufacture, sale and services completely. The model of ... Chinese traditional sales channels are seriously attacked by the new ones. Household appliances industry will realize the specialized divisions of. development, manufacture, sale and services completely. The model of sales channel in marketing is set as the core of this research; the merits and demerits of different sales channels are analyzed; the complicated selective relationship and the conflicts among the manufacturer, middlemen, and ultimate consumers, and the solutions to present multi-channels market and the developments of the sales channels are elaborated in an overall view; the opinion that the only way to develop this industry is raised to establish the competitive sales channels. The aim is to let local household appliances industry use the natural merits to build up a suitable channel rapidly and efficiently, and to speed up the self development and oeffection. 展开更多
关键词 household appliances industry sales channels channels building
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Consumers'Purchase Intention of Geographical Indication Agricultural Products under the Background of Live-streaming Sales:An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory 被引量:1
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作者 Chuwei ZHANG Yueli ZHANG 《Asian Agricultural Research》 2021年第1期21-26,31,共7页
Exploring the mechanism for the formation of consumer purchase intentions of geographical indication agricultural products in the context of live-streaming sales can provide an important reference for brand marketing ... Exploring the mechanism for the formation of consumer purchase intentions of geographical indication agricultural products in the context of live-streaming sales can provide an important reference for brand marketing of geographical indication agricultural products.In this study,in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers of geographical indication agricultural products.Based on grounded theory,open coding,axial coding and selective coding were performed for interview text.Finally,21 concepts,7 subcategories and 3 main categories were obtained,and a model of the formation mechanism of the purchase intention of geographical indication agricultural products under the background of live-streaming sales was constructed,that is,"consumer cognition-consumer attitude-consumer behavior".Among them,consumer cognition includes two dimensions:the type of geographical indication agricultural products and the live-streaming appeal strategy,i.e.,the personal cognition of consumer and the promotion of live-streaming host's strategy.Consumer attitude is value perception of consumers,mainly including two dimensions of functional value and emotional value.Consumer behavior is the consumer's willingness to buy.It has been concluded that the types of geographical indication agricultural products interact with the live-streaming appeal strategies.Through the intermediary of consumers'value perception,consumers'purchase intention is generated.Among them,resource-oriented geographical indication agricultural products adopt rational live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the consumer's perception of functional value,thereby promoting their purchase intention;and cultural and creative geographical indication agricultural products brands adopt perceptual live-streaming appeal strategies,which can enhance the emotional value perception of consumers,thereby promoting their purchase intention. 展开更多
关键词 Live-streaming sale Geographical indication agricultural product Consumer purchase intention Grounded theory
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Design and Implementation of Fresh Vegetable Sales Volume Trend Forecasting System Based on Improved SVR 被引量:1
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作者 Wang LYU Yuan RAO Jun ZHU 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2021年第4期98-103,共6页
The forecast of sales volume trend of fresh vegetables has significant referential function for government dominant departments,producers and consumers.In order to evaluate the e-commerce sales information of fresh ve... The forecast of sales volume trend of fresh vegetables has significant referential function for government dominant departments,producers and consumers.In order to evaluate the e-commerce sales information of fresh vegetables scientifically and accurately,the sales volume information of such four common vegetables as baby cabbage,potatoes,bok choy and tomatoes,from Anhui Jinghui Vegetable E-commerce Co.,Ltd.was selected as the research object to establish the sales trend prediction system.Taking the improved SVR as an example,we introduced the overall architecture,detailed design and function realization of the system.The system can reflect the short-term sales volume trend of fresh vegetables,and also can provide guidance for the realization of e-commerce order-oriented management and scientific production. 展开更多
关键词 Fresh vegetables sales Trend prediction Support vector regression model System application
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A Novel Concept of AI-EV (Air-Conditioner Integrated Electric Vehicle) for the Advanced Smart Community 被引量:1
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作者 Yu Notoji Tsuguhiko Nakagawa 《Journal of Energy and Power Engineering》 2014年第11期1933-1941,共9页
In order to expand the natural energy and the energy conservation, "the smart PV (photovoltaic power generation) & EV (electric vehicle) system" has been proposed and the effect has been clarified. In the smart... In order to expand the natural energy and the energy conservation, "the smart PV (photovoltaic power generation) & EV (electric vehicle) system" has been proposed and the effect has been clarified. In the smart PV & EV system, it is important that electric vehicles become popular. Therefore, the AI-EV (air-conditioner integrated electric vehicle) has been proposed. In this paper, the AI-EV is designed based on the required car air-conditioner capacity. And, the value of AI-EV is compared with a gasoline vehicle, HV (hybrid vehicle) and EV using the mathematical simulation model As a result, it is clarified that the minimum displacement of the small-engine is 120 cc for AI-EV. In the smart PV & EV system, AI-EV can reduce CO_2 emissions by 20% almost the same as EV. Additionally, AI-EV is able to gain the cruising range more than twice as long as EV. 展开更多
关键词 Electric vehicle air-conditioner CO_2 emissions smart community.
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Effect of air-conditioner exposure on semen quality
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作者 Min-LiLu Jun-QingWu +2 位作者 Qiu-YingYang Wei-JinZhou Er-ShengGao 《Asian Journal of Andrology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第4期354-354,共1页
Aim: To investigate the effect of air-conditioner exposure on semen quality. Methods: The data came from the healthy male volunteers, aged 22 to 30 years, who went to centers for maternity and children health for prem... Aim: To investigate the effect of air-conditioner exposure on semen quality. Methods: The data came from the healthy male volunteers, aged 22 to 30 years, who went to centers for maternity and children health for premarital physical examination in Shanghai, Henan, Zhejiang and Hebei from December 1998 to February 2000. The sampling size is 304. Results: Among the subjects, 90 (29.6 %) had air-conditioner at home and the rest did not. X2-test and multiple logistic regression analyses showed that, the difference between the exposure and control groups was statistically significant in semen volume, sperm density and proportion of sperm with normal morphology. The three indexes were lower in the exposure group. Conclusion: Air-conditioner exposure possibly influences the semen quality. 展开更多
关键词 semen quality air-conditioner influencing factors
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