Effects of conductive agent type on lithium extraction from salt lake brine with LiFePO_(4) electrodes

Electrochemical lithium extraction from salt lakes is an effective strategy for obtaining lithium at a low cost.Nevertheless,the elevated Mg:Li ratio and the presence of numerous coexisting ions in salt lake brines give rise to challenges,such as prolonged lithium extraction periods,diminished lithium extraction efficiency,and considerable environmental pollution.In this work,Li FePO4(LFP)served as the electrode material for electrochemical lithium extraction.The conductive network in the LFP electrode was optimized by adjusting the type of conductive agent.This approach resulted in high lithium extraction efficiency and extended cycle life.When the single conductive agent of acetylene black(AB)or multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was replaced with the mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs,the average diffusion coefficient of Li+in the electrode increased from 2.35×10^(-9)or 1.77×10^(-9)to 4.21×10^(-9)cm^(2)·s^(-1).At the current density of 20 mA·g^(-1),the average lithium extraction capacity per gram of LFP electrode increased from 30.36 mg with the single conductive agent(AB)to 35.62 mg with the mixed conductive agent(AB/MWCNTs).When the mixed conductive agent was used,the capacity retention of the electrode after 30 cycles reached 82.9%,which was considerably higher than the capacity retention of 65.8%obtained when the single AB was utilized.Meanwhile,the electrode with mixed conductive agent of AB/MWCNTs provided good cycling performance.When the conductive agent content decreased or the loading capacity increased,the electrode containing the mixed conductive agent continued to show excellent electrochemical performance.Furthermore,a self-designed,highly efficient,continuous lithium extraction device was constructed.The electrode utilizing the AB/MWCNT mixed conductive agent maintained excellent adsorption capacity and cycling performance in this device.This work provides a new perspective for the electrochemical extraction of lithium using LFP electrodes.

Simulated Dynamic Evaporation of Yiliping Salt Lake Brine

1 Introduction There are numerous salt lakes in western China(Zheng Mianping,et al.,2011).Yiliping playa on the western Qaidam Basin is a magnesium sulfate subtype dry salt lake with high concentrations of potassium,boron and lithium.

Lithium Ion Extraction from the High Ration Mg/Li Salt Lake Brine with Ionic Liquid in Triisobutyl Phosphate and Kerosene

1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in

Influence of Painting and Dyeing on Temperature Fluctuation of Northern Tibetan Salt Brines

Introduction The amount of the total dissolved salts(TDS)in most of the salt brines on northern Tibet is relatively lower.So the effective brine concentration technique is needed for lithium,boron and potassium extraction from these brine

Compare on characteristic of different chemical type salt lake brines from Tibet during evaporating

1 Introduction China is a country which has many salt lakes.Tibet is the area where have numerous salt lake,because the sources of water have multiple chemical type,resulting in Tibet salt

An Eco-Friendly High-Effective Scale Inhibitor for High Salt Brine

Now the mining of high salt underground brine has been an important aspect of salt lake mining,which is the necessary support to the development of national economy.With the change of underground geological

Production of Potash and N-Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake:Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial by-product ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O at 25.0℃in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to(K1-m,(NH_(4))m)_(2)SO_(4),(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,(K1-n,(NH_(4))n)_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0℃,K_(2)SO_(4)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O can be separated via K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.

The Phase Diagram of Lithium Salt Systems and Its Application in Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine

At present,the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine is the new trend of the salt lake industrialization.The saltine lake lithium resources are extremely rich in western china,especially in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.Brine of salt

The Research Advance and Trend Analysis of the Crystallization Cleaning Technology of Salt Lake Brine Pump in China

Salt Lake brine pump is one of the key equipment in salt lake brine extraction device.As the salt lake brine is a kind of high concentration solution with a variety of chemical constituents,the flow and agitation of saturated

Study on the Isothermal Evaporation Process at 5℃ with the Brine of Laguocuo Salt Lake

1 Introduction Tibet has nurmerous salt lakes.Laguocuo is one of the salt lakes,which is located to the sorthern of Ali Plateau,31°59′02″N-32°04′08″N,84°02′03″E-84°12′03″E.Its lake water is rich in potassium,magnesium,lithium,boron,rubidium,cesium and other resources.The study of

Doping engineering of lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides for high-efficiency lithium extraction from salt lake brines

Lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides(LiAl-LDH)have been be successfully applied in commercial-scale for lithium extraction from salt lake brine,however,further advancement of their applications is hampered by suboptimal Li^(+)adsorption performance and ambiguous extraction process.Herein,a doping engineering strategy was developed to fabricate novel Zn^(2+)-doped LiAl-LDH(LiZnAl-LDH)with remarkable higher Li^(+)adsorption capacity(13.4 mg/g)and selectivity(separation factors of 213,834,171 for Li^(+)/K^(+),Li^(+)/Na^(+),Li^(+)/Mg^(2+),respectively),as well as lossless reusability in Luobupo brine compared to the pristine LiAl-LDH.Further,combining experiments and simulation calculations,it was revealed that the specific surface area,hydrophilic,and surface attraction for Li^(+)of LiZnAl-LDH were significantly improved,reducing the adsorption energy(Ead)and Gibbs free energy(ΔG),thus facilitating the transfer of Li^(+)from brine into interface followed by insertion into voids.Importantly,the intrinsic oxygen vacancies derived from Zn-doping depressed the diffusion energy barrier of Li^(+),which accelerated the diffusion process of Li^(+)in the internal bulk of LiZnAl-LDH.This work provides a general strategy to overcome the existing limitations of Li^(+)recovery and deepens the understanding of Li^(+)extraction on LiAl-LDH.

Manufacture of Boron-free Magnesia with High Purity from Residual Brine

A novel method for removing boron with ion exchange resin from residual brines to manufacture boron-free magnesia is described. The concentration of boron in the target magnesia manufactured thereby from Qinghai salt lakes is lower than 5 mg/g, and the typical D50 size of product is 10.625 mm.

威西卤水生产低钙盐的预处理实验研究

本文针对工业盐钙含量高的问题,对卤水进行“两碱法”预处理实验研究,优选出相关工艺参数,经优选参数处理后的卤水蒸发得到结晶盐钙镁合量低于70mg/kg,达到碳酸锂专用碳酸钠原料盐要求,为威西卤水生产低钙工业盐提供方向指导。

玻利维亚科伊帕萨盐湖卤水吸附提锂后尾液自然蒸发实验研究

文章依据K^(+)、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)∥Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)-H_(2)O五元体系介稳相图,对玻利维亚科伊帕萨盐湖卤水吸附提锂后尾液进行自然蒸发实验研究及相图分析,确定盐湖卤水吸附后尾液盐类结晶析出顺序和各阶段的分离点,为该盐湖卤水的综合开发利用提供了理论依据。

潜卤井在盐矿尾矿回收中的应用

安徽某盐矿引入潜卤泵,在地层稳定区域向塌陷区域打潜卤井,用于塌陷区域井下资源回收。为了查明潜卤井井眼轨迹处是否发育明显通道、是否存在大面积塌陷的风险,在研究区域布置了三维地震勘探,对潜卤井注采形成的溶腔特征进行分析并初步总结。结果表明潜卤井在矿柱回采中应用效果较好,项目成果可以指导其它停采溶腔矿柱回收工作的开展。

开采期停采期莱州湾地下卤水盐分来源及盐分组成变化规律

莱州湾地下卤水资源经历近20年高强度开采后显著衰退,探索其可持续开发模式日益迫切。滨海地下卤水可接受多类盐源的补给,具有可持续开发的潜力,研究地下卤水盐分主要来源及盐分组成变化规律,对规范地下卤水可持续开采模式意义重大。本文基于开采、停采期地下水位监测及地下水样品化学分析结果开展研究,认为莱州湾地下卤水主要受海水以及蒸发盐或盐岩溶解影响,离岸不同距离处地下卤水盐分组成年度变化规律虽然一致,但控制因素存在差异。开采期内补给地下卤水的盐分主要为潮间带生卤下渗的盐分,停采期内蒸发盐或盐岩溶解产生的盐分为地下卤水的主要盐分来源。地下卤水赋存区易受海水或淡水影响,以及处于开采或停采何种状态,是控制地下卤水盐分组成的主要因素。

察尔汗盐湖采卤过程中晶间卤水水位时空变化规律的趋势面分析

应用趋势面分析对 1 991年 1月— 1 994年 1 2月期间察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水水位的时空变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,1、2次趋势面反映了察尔汗盐湖晶间卤水水位变化的背景 ;3— 5次趋势面能够较确切的反映察尔汗盐湖采卤过程中晶间卤水水位的变化规律。 1次剩余分析所反映的正、负异常带和 5次趋势分析所反映的高、低水位带在研究区的分布规律 ,充分说明了随着采卤的不断进行 ,晶间卤水的低水位带逐渐向研究区的南部移动同抽卤有关 ,研究区通过东西方向上晶间卤水的补给明显大于南北方向的补给。

现代盐湖卤水矿床开采新技术

我国盐湖资源非常丰富,进入20世纪来我国盐湖资源开发迎来高速发展期,一大批大中型项目陆续建设,涌现出一大批盐湖资源开发新技术。分析了盐湖卤水矿开采特殊性和简要介绍了采卤、输卤及防洪方面的新技术。

察尔汗盐湖卤水水化学模拟

在收集、分析察尔汗盐湖大规模采卤过程中水化学变化相关数据和固、液矿转化试验基础上,建立描绘采卤过程中水化学变化规律的数学模型,对采卤过程中卤水化学成分进行模拟预测,结果表明,由于存在化学组分由固相到液相的转化,只要地下水有补充,在一定的期限内,卤水中的钾浓度均能达到开采品位,控制卤水开采速度,可以使该地区的钾最大限度的开采利用。

水溶法采盐矿区地面塌陷机理分析

为了防范钻井水溶法开采盐矿诱发卤水溢出、地面塌陷等愈发严重的地质环境和公共安全问题,本文以安徽省定远县东兴盐矿为例,对采空区地面塌陷灾害机理进行了深入研究。根据岩盐矿体的埋藏条件和采空区地面塌陷的过程,结合帕斯卡定律讨论了盐矿采空区顶板岩层保持稳定的前提,是必须保持采空区密闭为基本条件;通过尖点突变模型给出的顶板岩层大变形失稳突变条件,是采空区的封闭性遭受破坏、卤水外溢导致顶板岩层失去支撑;根据Пpoтoдьякooв塌落拱理论等方法估算了采空区顶板岩层失稳对地面的影响程度,提出了对开采盐矿诱发地面塌陷灾害的防范措施,对其它地区同类矿山安全开采具有重要的指导意义。