Comparison of Salt Tolerance in Brassicas and Some Related Species

In this paper the salt tolerance in Brassicas and some related species was compared. When seedlings germinated on sand cultures with liquid MS medium were considered, the relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were significantly correlated with each other (P 0.01), and only the relative shoot lengths were significantly different among the tested genotypes (P 0.05);When both seedlings germinated on MS and MS plus 0.4% NaCl were considered, only the relative shoot length of seedlings germinated on MS was significantly different from that germinated on MS + 0.4% NaCl (P 0.05), and also only the relative shoot lengths were significantly different among the tested genotypes (P 0.01). Raphanus sativa cv. Changfeng, B. juncea cv. JC and Brassica napus cv. ZS 10 showed low salt tolerance in terms of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight;B. oleracea cv. JF-1, Sinapis alba cv. HN-2 showed high salt tolerance in terms of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight. Based on our result we suggest that relative shoot length might be convenient to rank the salt tolerance but cluster analysis based on multiple parameters of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight might be more accurate in screening for salt tolerance in Brassicas and related species.

Coupling relation between water and salt in irrigation area on a catchments scale

Water resource is the important factor for sustainable development in Weigan River catchments in western China. Based on ecological hydrology principles, the coupling relation between water and salt is monitored and analyzed. The water quality for irrigation in oasis ecosystem has a larger variable range in arid area, which depending on the input water resource and underground water mineralization degree and water chemical component on the catchments scale, the water and salt coupling is decided by the climate condition and soil feature and vegetation characteristics as well as human activity. Meanwhile, temporal and spatial change between water and salt is quite complicated. The environmental management should be paid attention to considering in irrigation area in the catchments.

低盐雪菜中呈味核苷酸关联物的检测及贮藏过程中的变化

为探明低盐雪菜中呈味核苷酸关联物在贮运期间的变化规律,建立高效液相色谱检测方法,分析低盐雪菜在(25±5)℃贮藏(J-25)、(4±1)℃贮藏(J-4)、灭菌后(25±5)℃贮藏(M-25)和灭菌后(4±1)℃贮藏(M-4)期间感官品质和呈味核苷酸关联物含量的变化。结果表明,12种呈味核苷酸关联物在33 min内有效分离。灭菌和冷藏均能抑制雪菜贮藏期间感官品质和呈味核苷酸关联物的劣化,且灭菌冷藏组合的效果最佳,M-4组雪菜中三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)和肌苷酸含量在第60天仍分别是初始值的29.7%和66.4%,且感官品质合格。雪菜在(25±5)℃贮藏期间与ATP相关的核苷酸关联物总量呈先增加后迅速降低的趋势,其中J-25组雪菜仅有9 d的感官合格期。灭菌和冷藏能够有效抑制雪菜中核酸代谢的呈味核苷酸(腺苷酸、鸟苷酸、胞苷酸、尿苷酸)在贮藏期内的变化,M-4组雪菜中这4种核苷酸总量在贮藏末期仍有4.30 mg/100 g。低盐雪菜中发酵微生物的代谢和较高的温度加快了呈味核苷酸关联物在贮藏期间的劣变,灭菌和冷藏有利于呈味核苷酸关联物的保持,研究结果可为低盐雪菜的加工和贮藏提供一定的理论支撑。

近代华盐外贸的展开与盐产业转型——以中日辽东盐、青岛盐交涉为切入点

1906年,清末东北地方政府与日本“关东州”殖民当局围绕辽东盐出口的交涉无果而终,凸显了传统时代并不严格存在的华盐外贸问题。进入民国后,盐的工业化生产使中国既有盐业市场的产品结构和资源流向发生深刻变化,成为1926年中日青岛盐交涉最终解决的产经背景。前后两桩交涉不同结果的背后,是新兴的盐业外贸活动对传统盐政演进逻辑的冲击,更深层次的原因是近代食盐业向盐化工业的逐步转型。

清末民初东北亚的食盐进出口——兼论近代中国涉外盐政运作逻辑

在传统盐政运作逻辑下,食盐进出口历来禁止。清末以降,东北亚地区多次发生盐务交涉,迫使当局形成不同的进出口管理策略。食盐出口有维护商民生计、拓展土货销路、维系宗藩关系等效用,且不直接损害国内盐政,因此借渔盐出海的制度缝隙得到默许。食盐进口则对国内盐政体系有结构性破坏,严禁态势继续维持。进出口的管理差异表明,政府对涉外盐政的实际态度主要取决于国内专卖体系的行政安全程度,同时不排斥必要的对外市场交换,体现近代以来传统盐政运作逻辑在内、外两方面的深层次延续。

Performance of Concrete Subjected to Severe Multiple Actions of Composite Salts Solution under Wet-Dry Cycles and Flexural Loading in Lab

Several action regimes were employed, namely, those exposed to solutions containing single and/or composite chloride and sulfate salts, and under wet-dry cycles and/or flexural loading. The variations in dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd values） were monitored, as well as the key factor impacting on the chloride ingress when concrete subjected to multiple action regimes was identified by the method of Grey Relation Analysis（GRA）. The changes in micro-structures and mineral products of interior concrete after different action regimes were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, mercury intrusion technique（MIP）, and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The test results showed that the cyclic wet-dry accelerated the deterioration of OPC concrete more than the action of 35% flexural loading based on the results of Erd values and the GEA. The analyses from micro-structures could give certain explanations to the change in Erd values under different action regimes.

The remarkable effect of organic salts on 1,3,5-trioxane synthesis

The effects of organic salts on 1,3,5-trioxane synthesis were investigated through batch reaction and continuous production experiments. The organic salts used include sodium methanesulfonate（CH3NaO3S）, sodium benzenesulfonate（C6H5NaO3S）, sodium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate（C7H7NaO3S）, and sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate（C6H4NNaO5S）. It was shown that the effects of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane in reaction solution and distillate follow the order CH3NaO3S ／C6H5NaO3S／C7H7NaO3S／C6H4NNaO5S, which is inversely related to the charge density of the anions of the organic salts. In comparison with Cl–-based salts such as magnesium chloride, organic salts have the advantages of less formic acid generation and low corrosion. Studies on water activity revealed that the effect of organic salts on the activity of water was quite small at low concentration of organic salts. UV–visible spectroscopy and vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments were performed to uncover the mechanisms that govern such effects. The results showed that the effect of organic salts on the yield of 1,3,5-trioxane relies primarily on their ability to increase the catalytic activity of sulfuric acid and increase the relative volatilities of 1,3,5-trioxane and water and of 1,3,5-trioxane and oligomers.

Compare on characteristic of different chemical type salt lake brines from Tibet during evaporating

1 Introduction China is a country which has many salt lakes.Tibet is the area where have numerous salt lake,because the sources of water have multiple chemical type,resulting in Tibet salt

油莎豆耐盐性评估及盐胁迫下幼苗根系转录组学分析

油莎豆是一种综合利用价值高的新型经济作物,抗逆性极强,具有在盐渍化土壤上种植发展的潜力。为明确其耐盐特性,本研究设置5个NaCl浓度(0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%),分析了NaCl胁迫对油莎豆茎豆萌发和幼苗生长过程中形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明,在0.3%和0.6%NaCl胁迫下,茎豆发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高受影响程度较小;根系中膜受损程度指标物丙二醛(MDA)和氧化胁迫物过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量增加不显著,而渗透调节物甜菜碱(GB)、脯氨酸(Pro)的含量和抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性显著提高,整体上受到的盐胁迫伤害较小。而在0.9%和1.2%NaCl胁迫下,盐胁迫伤害十分明显,茎豆萌发和幼苗生长受到严重的抑制。为进一步鉴定油莎豆耐盐相关基因,利用RNA-seq技术检测了0、0.3%和0.6%NaCl胁迫下油莎豆根系的基因表达情况。通过基因差异表达分析、加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA)以及GO富集分析发现,24个主要与氧化还原、跨膜转运、几丁质水解相关的GOterms显著富集,涉及了15个显著上调表达基因。其中,DN23985_c0_g1、DN2960_c0_g1、DN8384_c1_g1分别编码玉米黄质环氧酶、L-抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶,具有抗氧化作用,参与抗氧化调节;DN21785_c1_g1和DN6596_c0_g1二者均编码氨基酸转运蛋白,可能通过积累氨基酸类小分子(如Pro)而增强渗透调节;DN14393_c0_g1编码几丁质酶,能够水解几丁质而促进植物应对胁迫响应。本研究明确了油莎豆在0.6%及以下浓度NaCl胁迫时具有较好的耐盐性,并进一步筛选出耐盐相关基因,为油莎豆在盐渍化土壤的种植和耐盐品种的培育提供了重要的参考。

Amodified numerical model for moisture-salt transport in unsaturated sandy soil under evaporation

Soil salinization,caused by salt migration and accumulation underneath the soil surface,will corrode structures.To analyze the moisture-salt migration and salt precipitation in soil under evaporation conditions,a mathematical model consisting of a series of theoretical equations is briefly presented.The filling effect of precipitated salts on tortuosity factor and evaporation rate are taken into account in relevant equations.Besides,a transition equation to link the solute transport equation before and after salt precipitation is proposed.Meanwhile,a new relative humidity equation deduced from Pitzer ions model is used to modify the vapor transport flux equation.The results show that the calculated values are in good agreement with the published experimental data,especially for the simulation of volume water content and evaporation rate of Toyoura sand,which confirm the reliability and applicability of the proposed model.

Study of Stability of Saturated Salt Solutions Cells

This paper study stability of saturated salt solutions cells at 25 ℃. These cells were prepared and measured at National Institute for Standard （NIS-Egypt） to study the stability of the saturated salt solutions. The study was carried out using three saturated salt solutions, which are Potassium Acetate 22.5%, Potassium Iodide 68.9% and Potassium Sulphate 97.3% to cover low, medium and high relative humidity. The study was carried out using different shapes and volumes half liter spherical, liter spherical and liter conical per each salt which was prepared. The apparatus which used in measurement system in the first time are the same which used after ten years. The results show that the change of relative humidity value after ten years ranged from 0.1% to 0.7%. This value is suitable within uncertainty ＋ 2%. The period of stability for each run for all cells was found to be more than five hours and this period enough for calibration. The measurements show that the cells are stable for more than ten years with accepted value.

视黄酸相关孤儿受体白细胞介素23及辅助性T细胞17在老年盐敏感性高血压中的作用

目的探究视黄酸相关孤儿受体(RORγt)白细胞介素23(IL-23)通路调节辅助性T细胞17(Th17)在老年盐敏感性高血压发病中的作用。方法对内蒙古自治区的村民进行调查,2021年1月至2022年1月选取289例老年高血压患者作为研究对象,采用Sullivan盐负荷试验将患者进行分组,盐敏感高血压患者103例作为研究组,非盐敏感高血压患者186例作为对照组,给予慢性盐负荷试验。结果研究组收缩压、舒张压、MAP、心率在D10、D17均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。2组尿量、尿钠、尿钾、尿肌酐水平在基线D3比较无显著差异(P>0.05),D10与对照组比较,研究组尿钠[(315.32±57.21)mmol/24 h vs(226.64±58.53)mmol/24 h,P=0.000]、尿肌酐[(12.46±1.64)mmol/24 h vs(10.12±1.17)mmol/24 h,P=0.000]显著增高。2组Th17比例、IL-17A水平在D4、D5、D10逐渐上升,在D17下降,且研究组Th17比例、IL-17A水平在D4、D5、D10、D17均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论Th17参与了盐敏感性高血压的发生,RORγt-IL-23受体信号通路可诱导Th17细胞分化。

39份玉米自交系的芽苗期耐盐性评价

芽苗期是研究玉米生长和耐盐性的关键时期。本研究以39份玉米自交系为试验材料,采用100 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫,以相对发芽势、相对发芽率、胚芽长、胚根长、芽苗全长、芽鲜重、根鲜重、芽干重、根干重作为评价指标,利用灰色关联度法对各个玉米自交系芽苗期的耐盐能力进行综合评价。结果表明,盐胁迫下,玉米自交系种子萌发受到显著抑制;不同自交系的耐盐性存在较大差异,其中107-8、K_(12)HF76、早49、爆-1、昌7-2、LY002、KN-1m、黄478、糯-1、KN-1、奥甜8210、W305耐盐性较好,彭甜11-A、LY001、K12HF332、夏996、掖478耐盐性相对较差,其它自交系耐盐性中等。

低盐驯化对西杂鲟幼鱼生长发育的影响

为探讨低盐环境对西杂鲟幼鱼(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)(Acipenser baerii♀×A.schrenckii♂)生长发育的影响,本研究设置了3个盐度组(0‰、4‰、8‰),驯化15 d后,分析盐度对西杂鲟幼鱼血清生化指标、抗氧化指标,鳃、肾、肠Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶活性、激素水平及免疫、生长发育相关基因表达的影响。结果显示:(1)低盐驯化对西杂鲟幼鱼血糖、总蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、过氧化氢酶、还原型谷胱甘肽、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛、Na^(+)和肾、肠Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶活均无显著影响,但低盐驯化对西杂鲟幼鱼鳃Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶活和血清Cl-的影响呈“U”型变化,为先下降后升高的表达趋势;(2)利用ELISA法测定血清甲状腺激素(T 3、FT 3)和皮质醇水平后,随着盐度的升高,两者呈先升后降的趋势,但各组间无显著差异;(3)利用qRT-PCR测定免疫和生长发育相关基因的表达量,随着驯化盐度的升高,西杂鲟幼鱼hsp70、hsp90、igf-Ⅱ、fshr、erα表达水平呈先下降后升高趋势,tnf-α、igf-Ⅰ、vtg表达水平呈先升高后降低趋势,lysozyme、gst表达水平逐渐升高,fsh、lhr、erβ表达水平逐渐下降,但各组间均无显著差异,S 8处理组lh的表达水平显著低于对照组。综上所述,在适应低盐的过程中,西杂鲟幼鱼鳃Na^(+)-K^(+)-ATP酶被激活,参与渗透压平衡调节,表明15 d的低盐驯化可能提高了西杂鲟幼鱼的耐盐性,但未显著影响西杂鲟幼鱼的生长发育和免疫性能。

小麦近缘种芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定与评价

【目的】鉴定与评价小麦近缘种芽期和苗期的耐盐性。【方法】选用38份(含对照)小麦近缘材料,设芽期、苗期盐胁迫处理,鉴定与评价适宜的芽期和苗期耐盐性NaCl浓度,分析小麦近材料芽期、苗期耐盐性鉴定的NaCl溶液浓度分别为1.2%和1.5%。【结果】获得芽期高耐盐材料21份(占55.2%),耐盐材料8份(占21%),中耐盐材料3份(占7.8%),敏感材料4份(占10.5%),高敏材料2份(占5.2%);苗期耐盐材料7份(占18.4%),中耐盐材料17份(占44.7%),敏感材料12份(占31.5%),高敏材料2份(5.2%);成活率与成苗率均为100%的材料有2份。耐盐材料有7份,敏感材料有4份,成活率与成苗率100%的材料有2份。【结论】不同耐盐类型的材料在芽期和苗期耐盐性不一致,部分材料没有可比性,差异较大。

红军长征在四川涉藏地区的食盐问题探析

食盐是人体健康的必需物质,也是维系军队战斗力的基本物资保障。红军长征途经四川涉藏地区时,因食盐供应客观条件限制、蒋介石的封锁宣传以及食盐充当消毒药品需求,而出现严重的缺盐危机。为此,红军在四川涉藏地区充分结合地方实情,先后以自主熬制硝盐、争取广大民众和宗教上层支持等方式,积极应对缺盐危机。其间食盐问题的出现与应对,体现出中国革命道路上的复杂面相,也彰显出汉、藏民族在中国革命历程中的命运与共。

Salt-related structural styles of Kuqa foreland fold belt,northern Tarim basin

The salt beds of Lower Tertiary developed in the mid-segment of Kuqa foreland fold belt, northern Tarim basin. They considerably controlled structural deformation of the belt. Ac- cording to the field observation, seismic profile interpretation and drilling data, three different structural styles of supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt occurred in the Kuqa foreland fold belt. Su- pra-salt structural styles mainly include thrust faults and fault-related sags. Intra-slat structural styles essentially are salt-pillows, intra-salt faults and folds, and salt weld structures. Sub-salt structural styles mainly consist of imbricated thrust faults, duplex structures, pop-up and fault-related folds. It is indicated that great differences exist among supra-salt, intra-salt and sub-salt structures of Kuqa foreland fold belt. The salt-related structures were formed in the same structural stress field. The dynamic mechanism of the salt-related structures is mainly associated with gravitation, compression and plastic flow of salt beds.

Cloning of Salt Tolerance-Related cDNAs from the Mangrove Plant Sesuvium portulacastrum L.

In an attempt to isolate and identify the target genes relevant to salt tolerance in a mangrove plant （Sesuvium portulacastrum L.）, a subtracted cDNA library was constructed via suppressive subtractive hybridization （SSH）, in which the poly（A）＋RNA isolated from salt-tolerant S. portulacastrum leaves was used as a tester, whereas the driver was poly（A）＋RNA, derived from salt-sensitive S. portulacastrum leaves. Screening of this subtracted cDNA library revealed five clones, of which the expression levels in the salt-tolerant plant were markedly higher than those observed in the salt-sensitive plant, indicating that these candidate clones may be involved in salt-tolerance pathways. Among the clones isolated, P66, P175, and P233 are novel because no significant similarity was obtained upon alignment with the GenBank database. Clone P89 demonstrated high homology with NADPH of Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas clone P152 was highly homologous with the gene encoding late embryogenesis abundant （LEA） protein of A. thaliana. The full-length gene of clone P152, with a predicated 344 amino acid residues, was shown to bear LEA-2 domains, a signature motif for proteins that have been enriched under salty and drought conditions. It is thus implied that clone P152 would be a salt-tolerance gene of S. portulacastrum. In addition, we have also developed a strategy for the extraction of total RNA from mangrove plants.

电导率结合质量法测定沿海地区盐渍化土壤水溶性盐含量的可行性研究——以东营市为例

为实现对盐渍化土壤含盐量的快速准确测定,以东营市为例,对盐渍化土壤水溶性盐含量(y,g/kg)与浸提液电导率(EC,μs/cm,x)的相关性进行了分析,得到回归关系式为y=0.0035x-0.1076(r=0.9952),二者相关性达到了极显著水平;在此基础上,对电导率结合质量法批量测定盐渍化土壤水溶性盐含量的可行性进行了分析验证,结果表明,东营市区域内含盐量为1.0~24.1 g/kg或EC为260~6590μs/cm的盐渍化土壤,采用电导率结合质量法测定结果与质量法测定结果的相对偏差符合《森林土壤水溶性盐分分析》(LY/T 1251—1999)“全盐量(质量法)与离子总量之间的允许偏差”规定。提出的电导率结合质量法对我国沿海地区盐渍化土壤水溶性盐含量的批量快速检测具有一定的参考价值。

北宋真宗朝解盐运销政策改易述论

宋真宗时期,解盐运销政策交错更迭。梁鼎以商人在陕西入中粮草价格虚高,影响国家财政为由,主张取消入中粮草和实行解盐榷卖。李士衡则主张实行解盐通商,将榷酤引入陕西军费体系以解决虚估加抬造成的财政问题,同时将民众从差役中解放出来以稳定社会秩序。从具体实施效果看,李士衡的措施能够平衡解盐通商、入中粮草和军需供应之间的关系,有利于北宋经略西北边疆。