Plant Growth-Prompting Bacteria Influenced Metabolites of <i>Zea mays var. amylacea </i>and <i>Pennisetum americanum p. </i>in a Species-Specific Manner

Poor soil is one of the agricultural world’s principal challenges, inciting the use of chemical fertilizer’s to improve overall soil quality. However, the use of chemical fertilizer has significant and cascading environmental consequences. Therefore, the use of beneficial microbes’ inoculation in treating poor soil is a considerably ecofriendly sustainable solution. In the current study, we supplemented nutrient-deprived soil with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), Pseudomonas fluorescens. The bacterial inoculations of Pseudomonas fluorescenswere added to the poor soil following two days post-sowing of Zea mays var. amylacea and Pennisetumamericanum p. seedlings. Metabolite analyses were conducted two months after treatment for both shoots and roots using nuclear magnetic resonance method (NMR). The data indicated significant changes in 19 metabolites relative to control in both plants shoot and roots. Among these metabolites, 7 were upregulated in roots of Zea mays var. amylacea, and 9 metabolites were upregulated in roots of Pennisetum americanum p. The PGPB enhanced sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and amino acids (glutamate, alanine and succinate) in roots, while down regulating in shoots of Pennisetum americanum p. The Pseudomonas fluorescens induced, predominantly,Aminoacyl-tRNA related metabolite, and Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolite biosynthesis in Zea mays var. amylacea), whereas PGPB induced metabolites in Pennisetum americanum p., dominated by up regulated carbohydrate related (starch and sucrose) metabolites. The difference in some metabolic response between the two plants indicated that PGPB influence has a species-specific manner.

Endophytic Bacteria Promote the Growth of Suaeda glauca in Saline-Alkali Stress:Regulation of Osmotic Pressure and Antioxidative Defense System

Endophytic bacteria are promising bacterial fertilizers to improve plant growth under adverse environment.For ecological remediation of coastal wetlands,it was necessary to investigate the effect and interaction of endophytes on halophytes under saline-alkali stress.In this study,an endophytic bacterium strain HK1 isolated from halophytes was selected to infect Suaeda glauca under pH(7 and 8)and salinity gradient(150,300 and 450mmolL^(-1)).Strain HK1 was identified as Pantoea ananatis and it had ability to fix nitrogen,dissolve inorganic phosphorus and produce indole-3-aceticacid(IAA).The results showed that strain HK1 could promote the growth of S.glauca seedings when the salinity was less than 300mmolL^(-1),in view of longer shoot length and heavier fresh weight.The infected plants could produce more proline to decrease the permeability of cells,which content increased by 26.2%–61.1%compared to the non-infected group.Moreover,the oxidative stress of infected plants was relieved with the malondialdehyde(MDA)content decreased by 16.8%–32.9%,and the peroxidase(POD)activity and catalase(CAT)activity increased by 100%–500%and 6.2%–71.4%,respectively.Statistical analysis revealed that increasing proline content and enhancing CAT and POD activities were the main pathways to alleviate saline-alkali stress by strain HK1 infection,and the latter might be more important.This study illustrated that endophytic bacteria could promote the growth of halophytes by regulation of osmotic substances and strengthening antioxidant activities.This finding would be helpful for the bioremediation of coastal soil.

Effect of acid phosphatase produced by Trichoderma asperellum Q1 on growth of Arabidopsis under salt stress

Salt stress is a major environmental factor that inhibits crop growth.Trichoderma spp.are the most efficient biocontrol fungi and some of the strains can stimulate plant growth.Phosphate solubilization is known as one of the main mechanisms in promoting plant growth,but the underlying mechanisms of phosphate solubilization in the salinity still need to be explored.The Trichoderma asperellum Q1 isolated and identified in our lab is a beneficial rhizosphere biocontrol fungus with a high phosphate solubilization activity.It could produce acid and alkaline phosphatases when using insoluble organic phosphorus as the sole phosphorus source,the salt stress increased the phosphorus-solubilization ability of the strain and the activities of the two enzymes.Furthermore,an acid phosphatase was purified from the fermentation broth by ammonium sulphate precipitation,ion-exchange,and gel filtration chromatography.Its molecular weight was 55 k Da as determined by SDS-PAGE.The purified acid phosphatase was used to investigate growth performance of Arabidopsis thaliana by plate assay and the result showed that it contributed to Arabidopsis growth by transforming organic phosphate into a soluble inorganic form under salt stress.To our knowledge,this is the first report on acid phosphatase purification from T.asperellum and its function in regulation of plant growth under salt stress.

Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth:A review

Because of climate change and the highly growing world population,it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole population.To overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield,a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side effects.Instead of these,scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria,which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant growth.The microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its physiology.Plant depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth,nutrients availability,growth promotion,disease suppression and other important roles for plants.Recently numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic technologies.This review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development,maintenance,interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress conditions.In addition,this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR,mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere.

Effects of EDTA and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant growth and heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil.However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil.A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(Burkholderia sp.D54 or Burkholderia sp.D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance.According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively.The soil respiration and Cd,Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin(PC) contents were increased by EDTA application.Interestingly, Burkholderia sp.D54 and Burkholderia sp.D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration.Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S.alfredii plants.Furthermore,EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S.alfredii(p < 0.05);among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%,respectively.These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S.alfredii.

Genomic analyses of metal resistance genes in three plant growth promoting bacteria of legume plants in Northwest mine tailings, China

To better understand the diversity of metal resistance genetic determinant from microbes that survived at metal tailings in northwest of China, a highly elevated level of heavy metal containing region, genomic analyses was conducted using genome sequence of three native metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria（PGPB）. It shows that： Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 contains metal transporters from P-type ATPase, CDF（Cation Diffusion Facilitator）, Hup E/Ure J and CHR（chromate ion transporter） family involved in copper, zinc, nickel as well as chromate resistance and homeostasis. Meanwhile, the putative Cop A/Cue O system is expected to mediate copper resistance in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 while Znt A transporter, assisted with putative Czc D, determines zinc tolerance in Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286. The greenhouse experiment provides the consistent evidence of the plant growth promoting effects of these microbes on their hosts by nitrogen fixation and/or indoleacetic acid（IAA） secretion,indicating a potential in-site phytoremediation usage in the mining tailing regions of China.

PGPR调控植物响应逆境胁迫的作用机制

盐碱、干旱等非生物胁迫是限制植物生长和产量的重要环境因子。植物根际促生菌(PGPR)是一类定殖于植物根系的有益微生物,利用其生物学功能制成的生物菌剂具有低成本、高效和环保等优点,不仅可促进植物生长与作物产量,还能提高植物对非生物胁迫的耐受性。本研究对PGPR定义和种类、生物学功能及其在植物响应盐碱、干旱、高低温及重金属等非生物胁迫中的作用加以综述,并对其未来研究方向进行展望,以期为今后PGPR介导植物抗逆性的研究与生物菌剂的开发和应用提供理论支撑。

盐胁迫下植物促生菌和2,4-表油菜素内酯对月季幼苗光合生理及离子转运的影响

以月季品种巴西诺幼苗为试验材料,采用室内盆栽试验,探究不同盐质量分数(0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%)胁迫下根际施用2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR,1μmol/L)、接种植物促生菌(PGPB)普罗维登斯菌(Providencia vermicola,1×10^(7)cfu/mL)及其复合处理对月季幼苗生长、光合和叶绿素荧光参数、离子转运及抗氧化系统的影响,以探明两者缓解月季盐胁迫的机制。结果表明,不同质量分数盐胁迫下月季幼苗生长受到抑制,株高、叶片厚度以及地上部和根系生物量等显著下降,施用EBR或者PGPB可以缓解月季受到的生长抑制程度。0.9%盐胁迫下,与对照(不喷施EBR,不接种PGPB)相比,EBR+PGPB处理的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量分别增加13.1%和32.3%;叶绿素荧光参数中PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)与对照无显著差异,PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)增加8.8%,净光合速率(Pn)增加53.7%,蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)与对照相比无显著变化,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)降低6.0%。0.9%盐胁迫下,与对照相比,EBR+PGPB处理后月季地上部和根系Na+含量分别降低21.1%和26.6%,地上部和根系K^(+)含量则分别增加73.7%和70.4%,地上部和根系中K^(+)/Na^(+)值分别增加116.7%和135.1%;同时EBR+PGPB处理能够激活超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和H_(2)O_(2)累积,与对照差异显著。综上,添加EBR、接种PGPB或者EBR+PGPB处理均可以不同程度地提高月季叶绿素含量,保护叶绿素荧光系统,维持植物Na^(+)和K^(+)的平衡,激活SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性以及降低细胞膜脂过氧化和H2O2累积,以减轻盐胁迫对月季幼苗的伤害程度,促进月季生长,其中以EBR+PGPB处理下月季幼苗的抗盐性效果更佳。

Effect of Inoculation with Three Phytohormone Producers Phytobacteria with ACC Deaminase Activity on Root Length of Lens esculenta Seedlings

Plant-associated bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere may influence the plant growth by their contribution to the endogenous pool of phytohormones and by the activity of ACC deaminase to decrease the ethylene concentration. The aim of this study was to analyse the root length growth by the promoting effect of indole acetic acid producers phytobacteria with ACC deaminase activity, on inoculated seeds of Lens esculenta as synergistic effect on root elongation. In this study, although the roots of L. esculenta seedlings do not show a significant promotion, these phytobacteria could be recommended to treat plants analyzing their added inoculum to increase plant biomass and retard the effect of ethylene on cultures supplied with Tryptophan and ACC.

生物法修复盐渍化土壤研究进展

我国盐渍化土壤面积大,已严重制约了农业的发展和土壤的循环利用,修复盐渍化土壤有利于增加我国耕地面积、提高粮食产量。盐渍化土壤通常采用物理、化学和生物3种方法进行修复。相比于化学和物理修复法,生物修复法利用生物的生命代谢活动降低土壤的盐分,更经济、环保和高效,因此已在盐渍化土壤修复中得到广泛应用。文章总结了土地盐渍化危害及我国土地盐渍化现状,论述了植物、微生物和微生物-植物联合修复盐渍化土壤的机制和研究现状,并展望了生物法修复盐渍化土壤的应用前景。

萎缩芽孢杆菌CNY01的生防特性及其对玉米的抗盐促生作用

【目的】从黄河三角洲盐碱地中筛选到具有抗盐促生作用的一株根际菌,制成菌剂用于缓解玉米植株的高盐胁迫。【方法】通过功能培养基、16S rDNA序列和全基因组分析,确定菌株种属以及对玉米植株的抗盐促生效果。【结果】从黄河三角洲盐碱地中筛选到一株可在0-16%的NaCl和pH 5-8的条件下正常生长的萎缩芽孢杆菌CNY01,该菌株可促进玉米在高盐条件下生长,具有降蛋白和解钾的能力,还可抑制青枯雷尔氏菌、串珠镰刀菌等病原菌的生长。玉米植株在含100 mmol/L NaCl的营养液中生长8 d时,施加菌株CNY01可使植株的生理株高、根长和鲜重分别提高38.80%(P<0.01)、23.73%和28.19%(P<0.01)。玉米植株在加100 mmol/L NaCl的高盐盆栽条件下生长28 d时,菌株CNY01可使植株的株高、地上鲜重和地下鲜重分别提高10.84%、41.87%(P<0.01)和23.29%。全基因组序列分析也预测出该菌株基因组中含有维持细胞渗透压、合成应激蛋白等缓解高盐胁迫的基因。【结论】从黄河三角洲盐碱地中筛选到一株具有防病促生功能的萎缩芽孢杆菌CNY01,对玉米植株有显著的抗盐促生作用,结合基因组结果预测到该菌株含有与抗盐促生相关基因,是重要的菌种资源。

金属抗性促生细菌Burkholderia sp.减缓玉米幼苗镉毒害和阻抗镉转运

为探明金属抗性促生细菌对减缓玉米镉毒害和阻抗镉转运的影响,本研究采用砂培试验向营养液中添加不同浓度重金属镉,研究接种镉抗性促生细菌YM3(Burkholderia sp.)对玉米苗干质量、生理指标、镉含量及金属转运基因表达情况的影响。结果表明,接种菌株YM3能促进玉米生长,且在镉胁迫环境中菌株促生效果更显著,使玉米根、茎、叶干质量分别增加9.09%~40.00%、63.33%~84.41%、48.50%~67.48%;接种处理玉米叶绿素总量增加1.70%~53.17%、根系活力增加7.40%~16.93%;游离脯氨酸降低3.04%~21.82%;当镉浓度为12 mg·L^(-1)时,丙二醛含量降低26.37%;接种菌株显著降低玉米地上部镉含量,使茎、叶镉含量分别降低13.64%~41.84%和17.85%~20.29%;q-PCR对金属转运相关基因HMA2、HMA3和Nramp5进行表达量的检测,结果表明接种菌株对重金属转运相关基因转录水平的表达调控受镉浓度影响。在0 mg·L^(-1)和8 mg·L^(-1)镉处理中,接菌处理HMA2、HMA3和Nramp5表达量在根中均表现为下调,在8 mg·L^(-1)和12 mg·L^(-1)镉处理中,接菌处理HMA2和Nramp5表达量在叶中均表现为下调。接菌处理通过不同程度影响基因HMA2、HMA3和Nramp5表达量来阻控玉米苗对镉的吸收转运。研究表明,在镉胁迫环境下接种镉抗性促生菌株Burkholderia sp.YM3能促进玉米苗生长,减缓玉米苗镉毒害,并阻控镉从根部向地上部转运,这对于玉米安全生产具有重要应用潜力。

耐盐促生菌提高盐胁迫下植物生长的研究进展

土壤盐渍化是全世界面临的环境难题之一,严重影响作物的生长发育。而施用耐盐促生菌能够快速、高效提高植物的生长量,改善盐渍土壤的性质。介绍了耐盐促生菌的种类,从其促生机制、提高植物耐盐机制的角度出发,阐述了盐胁迫下耐盐促生菌在不同植物中的应用。今后还需加强对耐盐促生菌的筛选、载体固定化以及与土著微生物的相互作用机制方面的研究,以期为耐盐促生菌进一步的大规模使用提供参考。

叉角厉蝽3龄若虫肠道可培养细菌多样性及促生潜力分析

【目的】了解叉角厉蝽若虫肠道可培养细菌的组成,分析可培养细菌的促生长特性,为叉角厉蝽肠道细菌与宿主、植物间的关系研究及有益菌株的开发利用提供科学依据和研究材料。【方法】采用传统的细菌分离培养法分离、纯化叉角厉蝽若虫肠道细菌,通过细菌形态特征、染色反应、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析对分离到的肠道细菌进行分类鉴定,测定其固氮、溶磷、产吲哚乙酸和产铁载体能力,定性分析分离菌株的促生潜力。【结果】从叉角厉蝽若虫肠道中分离到11株细菌,其中革兰氏阳性菌8株、革兰氏阴性菌3株;细胞形态3株为短杆状、1株为球状、7株为杆状。经鉴定11株肠道细菌分属于2门2纲3目4科4属,优势门、纲、目、科、属分别为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,85.67%)、芽孢杆菌纲(Bacilli,85.67%)、乳杆菌目(Lactobacillales,75.80%)、肠球菌科(Enterococcaceae,75.80%)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus,75.80%);在种分类水平由粪肠球菌(E.faecalis,75.80%)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis,9.17%)、摩氏摩根氏菌(Morganella morganii,6.51%)、嗜线虫沙雷氏菌(Serratia nematodiphila,4.49%)、黏质沙雷氏菌(S.marcescens,3.30%)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis,0.28%)、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis,0.27%)和高地芽孢杆菌(B.altitudinis,0.18%)8种组成。11株分离菌株的植物促生特性分析结果表明,2株沙雷氏菌促生潜力最大,具有固氮、溶磷、产吲哚乙酸和产铁载体4种促生活性,其次为摩根氏菌,具有溶磷、产吲哚乙酸和产铁载体3种促生活性。【结论】叉角厉蝽若虫肠道可培养细菌种类较丰富,分离获得的11株细菌均具有不同程度的促生长特性。

特基拉芽孢杆菌Bt-RS对盐胁迫环境下香蕉幼苗生长的影响

土壤盐渍化是世界性生态环境问题,是阻碍作物生长并致使农业生产损失的潜在非生物胁迫因子之一。利用植物根际促生菌促进植物生长,提高植物耐盐性,缓解植物所受的非生物胁迫被视为1种新兴有效可行方法。本研究以实验室前期于南海岛礁根际土壤中分离到的1株特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)Bt-RS为研究对象,利用功能培养基对其耐盐特性和耐盐促生性状进行定性定量分析,并进一步通过土壤盆栽实验评价该菌株在盐胁迫环境下对香蕉幼苗生长的影响。研究结果显示:Bt-RS菌株能够在NaCl含量为0~10%的条件下生长,能耐受多种类型盐分,具有产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate,ACC)脱氨酶能力;在1%~5%的NaCl浓度下能够分泌植物生长素吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA),最大产量值为6.4mg/L。盆栽实验结果显示:在正常条件下,接种菌株Bt-RS的香蕉幼苗相比未接种菌株其株高、叶面积、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、地上部分干重、地下部分干重分别提高40.30%、93.00%、102.38%、81.08%、65.82%、50.50%;在200mmol/L盐胁迫环境下,接种菌株Bt-RS的香蕉幼苗与对照组相比在株高、叶面积、地上部分鲜重、地下部分鲜重、地上部分干重、地下部分干重方面分别提高20.55%、65.01%、98.14%、144.93%、87.85%、54.01%;在正常条件与盐胁迫下接种菌株均能显著提高香蕉幼苗的株高、叶面积以及生物量(P<0.05),盐胁迫环境下的实验组与正常条件下的对照组相比在株高和叶面积上均无显著差异,因此通过施用菌株Bt-RS能够有效缓解NaCl对香蕉幼苗的胁迫,促进香蕉幼苗的生长。综上结果表明,特基拉芽孢杆菌Bt-RS具有较强的耐盐性以及产IAA和ACC能力,能够促进香蕉幼苗生长并在盐胁迫环境下显著提高植物耐盐性,可为开发与利用盐渍土提供菌株资源。

AMF和PGPR单独或“跨界”互作促进植物耐盐性的研究进展

盐碱地改良和利用对拓展我国后备耕地资源及保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。根际微生物作为植物的“第二基因组”,在提高作物抗盐碱胁迫能力,促进作物“以种适地”方面具有巨大潜力。其中,丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)和植物根际促生细菌(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)均为重要的根际有益微生物,能显著提高植物耐盐性。本文分别总结了AMF和PGPR提高植物抗盐能力的相关研究进展,并进一步梳理了两者协同提高植物耐盐的机制,包括提高养分效率、调节激素内稳态、提高植物诱导抗性以及调控转录因子表达等,最后提出了基于两者跨界组合的改良方向。旨在充分理解盐胁迫条件下微生物耐盐促生的作用机制,为充分挖掘微生物资源潜力和发展生物技术治理盐碱地提供重要的科学支撑。

广西亚热带植物根际促生菌的筛选、鉴定及促生作用研究

[目的]本文旨在从植物根际土壤中分离具有多种促生性能的菌株,并明确其促生特性和抗病效果。[方法]采用选择培养方法从植物根际土壤中筛选具有固氮、产氨、溶磷、解钾、分泌吲哚乙酸(indole acetic acid,IAA)、产铁载体和产蛋白酶等特性的菌株,通过16S rRNA对菌株分类学鉴定。测定其对小麦根腐病菌(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、小麦冠腐病菌(Fusarium gramiuearum)、黄瓜织球壳菌(Plectosphaerella cucumerina)、香蕉炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum musae)、交链格孢菌(Alternaria alternate)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑制作用,并通过盆栽试验探究植物根际促生菌对植物的促生效果。[结果]从植物根际土壤中分离细菌191株,固氮及产氨菌171株,解有机磷菌66株,解无机磷菌62株,解钾菌28株,产铁载体菌98株,产IAA菌41株,产蛋白酶菌45株。抑菌试验表明贝莱斯芽胞杆菌C32对6种致病菌均表现出较强的抑菌活性,抑菌率均在50%以上。盆栽试验结果表明,1株IAA高产菌株川大肠杆菌0208对番茄和玉米植株促生效果最为显著。与对照组相比,玉米盆栽株高、茎粗、根长、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重分别增加21.49%、19.35%、42.98%、19.58%和56.67%,番茄盆栽分别增加53.51%、14.90%、12.28%、43.12%和48.62%。[结论]从广西亚热带植物根际土壤中筛选到多株具有高效促生和防病功能的菌株,为微生物肥料的开发提供优质菌种资源。

荒漠植物根际促生菌的筛选及其对青贮玉米幼苗的促生效应

选取实验室前期分离所得的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),对其进行形成生物膜能力、产铁载体能力、产IAA能力、产ACC脱氨酶能力以及溶磷和解钾能力测定,选取具有促生特性的菌株进行盆栽试验。共筛选出16株具有促生特性的菌株,其中BW2-6、MC35、BW35、HS1-1和SHM2在活体试验中促生效果较优。菌株BW2-6对青贮玉米幼苗的株高、基茎粗、地上部干质量、根鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积、相对含水量、比根长和全株鲜质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了81.00%、54.70%、156.79%、163.27%、107.35%、131.18%、175.12%、44.96%、74.48%和190.69%;菌株SHM2对地上部鲜质量和根干质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了237.85%和72.96%;菌株BW35对平均叶面积促生效果最佳,约为对照的2.33倍;对照组根冠比均高于处理组,处理组中菌株BW35根冠比最高,相比对照降低了10.18%,菌株BW2-6根冠比最低,相比对照降低了51.93%,不同菌株之间促生效果差异显著。主成分分析结果表明,5株对青贮玉米幼苗生长促进作用较好的菌中以菌株BW2-6促生效果最佳。

3株玉米根际解磷菌筛选鉴定及促生作用研究

为获得优良的植物根际促生菌,研究其对玉米植株的促生效果。利用有机磷和无机磷固体培养基,从玉米植株根际土壤中筛选得到3株解磷能力较强的解磷菌株,通过细菌形态学鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定菌株A23为阿氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae),菌株A24为桑树肠杆菌(Enterobacter mori),菌株H10为神户肠杆菌(Enterobacter kobei)。结果表明,菌株A23、A24和H10解有机磷能力为146.19~158.52μg·mL^(-1);解无机磷能力为132.29~339.18μg·mL^(-1)。3株菌株还具有产生铁载体、合成玉米素和生长素的能力,并产生不同种类和含量有机酸。接种3株菌株的玉米植株株高、茎围、干重和鲜重等植株性状分别提高36.99%、21.32%、170.14%和102.11%。3株解磷菌株可为植物促生菌剂研制和应用提供理论基础。

耐盐植物促生菌W-1鉴定及其对红豆草耐盐性的影响

【目的】为获得耐盐植物促生菌,从甘肃景泰一处盐碱地中的植物根系中分离出多株耐盐菌,其中部分耐盐菌具有明显的植物促生特性。【方法】在前期研究基础上,选取1株耐盐菌W-1和盐敏感植物红豆草(Onobrychis viciaefolia)为试验材料,对菌株W-1的物种分类、耐盐、耐酸碱能力和植物促生特性进行检测,并探究其对不同浓度NaCl处理下红豆草生长和生理特性的影响。【结果】耐盐菌W-1为革兰氏阳性菌、产芽孢、无荚膜、有鞭毛,16S rDNA测序及比对结果显示,菌株W-1为暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis)。菌株W-1对NaCl最高耐受度为13%,pH耐受范围为4.5-8.5。菌株W-1具有溶磷、解钾、固氮、产铁载体、产吲哚-3-乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid,ACC)脱氨酶活性等多种植物促生功能。接种菌株W-1可显著提高红豆草的干重、鲜重,促进其根系生长。在100和150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,接种W-1可显著增加红豆草可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量以及过氧化氢酶活力,降低过氧化氢含量以及叶片黄化率和死亡率,减缓盐胁迫对红豆草生长的不利影响。【结论】W-1是一株具有耐盐、耐酸碱的优良植物促生菌,可增强豆科牧草的耐盐性。