Study on the Mechanism of Salt-induced Osmotic Pressure Promoting Lipid Accumulation of Chlorella

Salt-induced osmotic pressure has been drawing increasing attention in the field of microalgal biomechanics because it can enhance the lipids accumulation of microalgae.Studies have shown that osmotic stress can affect the synthesis of phospholipids by activating different phospholipid signaling pathways.However,there is little research about the mechanism of action of osmotic stress in neutral lipids synthesis.In this work,the effects of different salt-induced osmotic pressure on oil synthesis and potential mechanismwere studied.First,effect of various salt4nduced osmotic pressure of 64,112,191,453 and 1304 mOsm/kg on Chlorella pyrenoidosa oil synthesis were studied and optimal salt-induced osmotic pressure of 453 mOsm/kg was acquired.Then the content of key signaling chemicals in the Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling pathway and the key enzyme activities in the lipid synthesis pathway were determined under salt-induced osmotic pressure of 453 mOsm/kg.It was found that the cAMP signaling pathway were up-regulated under salt osmotic pressure conditions of 453 mOsm/kg;in addition,the key enzymes related to lipid synthesis increased,while those related to protein synthesis decreased,enabling the increase of the lipid content.Finally,the effects of inhibitor atropine and promoter IBMX of cAMP signal pathway were also investigated.Results showed that atropine inhibits the cAMP signaling pathway and the lipid contents decreased;in contrast,IBMX activated thecAMP signaling pathway and the lipids content increased.These observations further confirm that salt-induced osmotic pressure had the same function as the signal promoter to regulate lipid synthesis by adjusting cAMP signaling pathway regulating lipid synthesis.This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism that salt-induced osmotic pressure affected lipid synthesis pathway through cAMP signaling pathway to regulate lipid synthesis in microalgae.

Impact of Osmotic Pressure on Seepage in Shale Oil Reservoirs

Following large-scale volume fracturing in shale oil reservoirs,well shut-in measures are generally employed.Laboratory tests and field trials have underscored the efficacy of fracturing fluid imbibition during the shut-in phase in augmenting shale oil productivity.Unlike conventional reservoirs,shale oil reservoirs exhibit characteristics such as low porosity,low permeability,and rich content of organic matter and clay minerals.Notably,the osmotic pressure effects occurring between high-salinity formation water and low-salinity fracturing fluids are significant.The current understanding of the mobilization patterns of crude oil in micro-pores during the imbibition process remains nebulous,and the mechanisms underpinning osmotic pressure effects are not fully understood.This study introduces a theoretical approach,by which a salt ion migration control equation is derived and a mathematical model for spontaneous imbibition in shale is introduced,which is able to account for both capillary and osmotic pressures.Results indicate that during the spontaneous imbibition of low-salinity fluids,osmotic effects facilitate the migration of external fluids into shale pores,thereby complementing capillary forces in displacing shale oil.When considering both capillary and osmotic pressures,the calculated imbibition depth increases by 12%compared to the case where only capillary forces are present.The salinity difference between the reservoir and the fracturing fluids significantly influences the imbibition depth.Calculations for the shutin phase reveal that the pressure between the matrix and fractures reaches a dynamic equilibrium after 28 days of shut-in.During the production phase,the maximum seepage distance in the target block is approximately 6.02 m.

Long-term decay of the water pressure in the osmotic tensiometer

Matric suction is an important state variable required for the assessment of unsaturated soil properties.Tensiometers are commonly used for direct matric suction measurement but have a limited measuring range up to 90 kPa due to the cavitation problem.Osmotic tensiometer(OT)can improve the measuring range of tensiometers by increasing the osmotic pressure of water to avoid the cavitation.However,the long-term water pressure decay that appeared in OTs caused a gradual decrease in their measuring range.In this study,crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)potassium salt(PAM-co-PAAK)was used for the preparation of OTs(five in total)to explore the mechanism of water pressure decay of OTs.The maximum water pressure in the OT versus the volume fraction of polymer filled in the OT was described based on the Flory-Huggins polymer theories and validated using WP4C dewpoint hygrometer.The long-term pressure decay of OT-1,OT-2,and OT-3 was observed for 130 d and constant pressures were found for OT-1 and OT-2,indicating that the pressure decay of OT was mainly caused by the stress relaxation of the polymer hydrogels,and standard linear solid(SLS)rheological model was appropriate to fit the decay data.For OT-1,OT-2 and OT-3,the theoretical osmotic pressure that was calculated based on the mass of retrieved polymer from OTs after 130-d pressure observation was higher than the actual osmotic pressure as observed,indicating that polymer leakage cannot explain the pressure decay of the OT.The ultravioletevisible(UVevisible)spectrophotometry examined the change in polymer concentrations in the water containers of OT-4 and OT-5 and demonstrated that there was no increase in polymer leakage during the period of pressure decay of OT-4 and OT-5.As a result,the pressure decay of OT was not caused by polymer leakage.The results of this research suggested that the viscoelastic properties of polymers should be taken into consideration in further OT development.

Water-induced physicochemical and pore changes in limestone for surrounding rock across pressure aquifers

Osmotic water alters the physicochemical properties and internal structures of limestone.This issue is particularly critical in tunnel construction across mountainous regions with aquifers,where pressurized groundwater can destabilize the limestone-based surrounding rock.Thus,systematic research into the physicochemical properties and pore structure changes in the limestone under pressurized water is essential.Additionally,it is essential to develop an interpretable mathematical model to accurately depict how pressurized osmotic water weakens limestone.In this research,a specialized device was designed to simulate the process of osmotic laminar flow within limestone.Then,four main tests were conducted:mass loss,acoustic emission(AE),mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and fluorescence analysis.Experimental results gained from tests led to the development of a“Particle-pore throat-water film”model.Proposed model explains water-induced physicochemical and pore changes in limestone under osmotic pressure and reveals evolutionary mechanisms as pressure increases.Based on experimental results and model,we found that osmotic pressure not only alters limestone composition but also affects pore throats larger than 0.1μm.Furthermore,osmotic pressure expands pore throats,enhancing pore structure uniformity,interconnectivity,and permeability.These effects are observed at a threshold of 7.5 MPa,where cohesive forces within the mineral lattice are surpassed,leading to the breakdown of erosion-resistant layer and a significant increase in hydrochemical erosion.

Effect of Salinity on Hemolymph Osmotic Pressure,Sodium Concentration and Na^+-K^+-ATPase Activity of Gill of Chinese Crab,Eriocheir sinensis

The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na+ concentration and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration increased signifi- cantly (P<0.05), and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly (P<0.05) when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na+ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na+ concentration and lower Na+-K+-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct (P>0.05); However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1 d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.

Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions

Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial cells.The pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.However,osmotic pressure- related factors have not been studied until now.In this prospective observational study,to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological conditions.Serum osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/kg.Because the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007,respectively,the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e.,290.5–291.5 mOsm/L).There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality,but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality,serum electrolyte levels,protein levels,or quotient of albumin.In conclusion,CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum osmolarity.Osmolarity is not one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.Other factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain parenchyma.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval No.IRB No.2015-1-257) on July 29,2015.

The Potential Role of Osmotic Pressure to Exogenous Application of Phytohormones on Crop Plants Grown under Different Osmotic Stress

The osmotic pressure represented as a sign of plant tolerance or sensitive to salinity stress. In the following plants, the increase in OP seems to be a manner of defense mechanism to survive. OP increased in shoots of maize, shoot and root of wheat and cotton plants was concomitant with shoot soluble sugar, root soluble protein and shoot and root amino acids of maize plants. However, in wheat the increase in OP was related with increase of root soluble sugar and protein of shoots and roots. In cotton plants, the elevation of OP was run parallel with increase soluble sugar of shoots and roots, shoot soluble protein and root amino acids. The increase in OP was related with a marked and significant reduction in the water content of these plants. However, the decrease in OP of shoot and root of broad bean was related with the reduction of shoots and roots soluble sugar, protein and root amino acids of broad bean. While the OP becomes more or less unchanged in shoots and tended to decrease in root of parsley plants, this concomitant with unchanged trend in the shoots amino acids and reduction in root soluble sugar and root amino acids. Run with previous trend values of OP and metabolites of parsley plants were related with stable values in shoot water content and reduction in root water content. With GA3 and kinetin treatments mostly increase the values OP which parallel with increase and soluble sugar, soluble protein and amino acids contents of shoots and roots of maize, wheat, cotton, broad bean and parsley plants with NaCl increasing. This related with increase water uptake by roots in these plants. The results indicated that kinetin had a more effective to shoot maize, both organs of wheat, broad bean and parsley plants in response to salinity stress while GA3 was more effective on cotton plants especially at higher levels of salinity. Thus plants strategy differed in their tolerance to salinity stress according to their species and differed also according to the different organs of the same plants and kinetin treatment induced highly positively affect than GA3 treatments.

Regulation of the intermittent release of giant unilamellar vesicles under osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure can break the fluid balance between intracellular and extracellular solutions.In hypo-osmotic so-lution,water molecules,which transfer into the cell and burst,are driven by the concentration difference of solute across the semi-permeable membrane.The complicated dynamic processes of intermittent bursts have been previously observed.However,the underlying physical mechanism has yet to be thoroughly explored and analyzed.Here,the intermittent re-lease of inclusion in giant unilamellar vesicles was investigated quantitatively,applying the combination of experimental and theoretical methods in the hypo-osmotic medium.Experimentally,we adopted a highly sensitive electron multiplying charge-coupled device to acquire intermittent dynamic images.Notably,the component of the vesicle phospholipids af-fected the stretch velocity,and the prepared solution of vesicles adjusted the release time.Theoretically,we chose equations and numerical simulations to quantify the dynamic process in phases and explored the influences of physical parameters such as bilayer permeability and solution viscosity on the process.It was concluded that the time taken to achieve the balance of giant unilamellar vesicles was highly dependent on the molecular structure of the lipid.The pore lifetime was strongly related to the internal solution environment of giant unilamellar vesicles.The vesicles prepared in viscous solution were able to visualize long-lived pores.Furthermore,the line tension was measured quantitatively by the release velocity of inclusion,which was of the same order of magnitude as the theoretical simulation.In all,the experimental values well matched the theoretical values.Our investigation clarified the physical regulatory mechanism of intermittent pore forma-tion and inclusion release,which provides an important reference for the development of novel technologies such as gene therapy based on transmembrane transport as well as controlled drug delivery based on liposomes.

Changes in Blood Volume and Colloid Osmotic Pressure during Fluid Absorption in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Urosurgery: An Observational Study

Background and Objective: Anesthesiologists need to be familiar with perioperative changes in blood volume (BV);however, there is no standard method for repeated evaluation of BV over a short interval of time. We evaluated BV in the operation room using repeatable estimation methods. Method: Eighty-five ASA physical status I-II patients scheduled to undergo endoscopic urosurgery using irrigation fluid under general anesthesia at Nippon Medical School Hospital were included in this study. Irrigation with 3% sorbitol in water was commenced after establishment of general anesthesia and volumetric fluid balance, which was defined as control water balance (WB). Hematocrit (Hct), colloid osmotic pressure (COP), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) were repeatedly determined before and during anesthesia. BV was calculated using Allen’s formula and the changes in Hct, COP, TP and Alb. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome was the accuracy of measuring changes in BV (△BV) calculated using the four serum markers. WB and the estimated △BV calculated from Hct, COP, TP and Alb (△BV-Hct, △BV-COP, △BV-TP, and △BV-Alb) were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Sixty-five patients were excluded. In the remaining 20 patients, there was a significant correlation between WB and △BV-COP (R2 = 0.72;P < 0.01), WB and △BV-TP (R2 = 0.59;P △BV-Alb (R2 = 0.57;P △BV-Hct (R2 = 0.06). Conclusion: △BV-COP, △BV-TP and △BV-Alb had correlation with WB. However, since COP can be measured repeatedly with simplified instruments under selected clinical circumstances, while TP and Alb cannot. COP is the most useful marker to measure △BV during perioperative period. Hct does not allow precise estimation of △BV.

Effects of osmotic pressure, temperature and stocking density on survival and sexual reproduction of Craspedacusta sowerbii

The effects of osmotic pressure, temperature and stocking density on medusae survival of Craspedacusta sowerbii were examined. The medusae were shown to be sensitive to the variations of osmotic pressure. And the survival time was 〈90 h at 34 mOsm/L and it declined rapidly with rising osmotic pressure. The peak survival time of 〉200 h was recorded at 0.2 mOsm/L. Comparing with 27℃ and 32 ℃ treatments, 23 ℃ treatment yielded lower activities at a range of 8-13/min. However, there was a longer survival time. A non-linear relationship existed between survival time and stocking density. Lower density resulted in larger body size. And sexual reproduction resumed after breeding for 〉22 days. Newly-formed polyps and medusae appeared subsequently but only in the higher-density groups of 10, 14 and 18 ind./L. It suggested that the number of newly-formed polyps and medusae was highly dependent on stocking density. That is, a higher stocking density produced more organisms. However, newly-formed medusae died within one month and none grew a diameter of 〉5 mm.

An Osmotic Pressure Equation of Uncharged Micelle and Oil/Water Microemulsion Systems

1 INTRODUCTIONMicroemulsion and micelle systems are wide-spread in the industry and agriculture applications,e.g.the petroleum exploitation,food industry chemical engineering and biological engineering,but so far,their properties are still not very well understood.Both micelle and microemulsion systems are dispersed systems and consist of the aggregationsof the surfactant.The difference between them is that there is dispered liquid phase in the coreof the aggregation in the case of the microemulsion,but in the micelle there is not any

Establishment of probabilistic model for Salmonella Enteritidis growth and inactivation under acid and osmotic pressure

The growth and survival characteristic of Salmonella Enteritidis under acidic and osmotic conditions were studied.Meanwhile,a probabilistic model based on the theory of cell division and mortality was established to predict the growth or inactivation of S.Enteritidis.The experimental results demonstrated that the growth curves of planktonic and detached cells showed a significant difference(p<0.05)under four conditions,including pH5.0+0.0%NaCl,pH7.0+4.0%NaCl,pH6.0+4.0%NaCl,and pH5.0+4.0%NaCl.And the established primary and secondary models could describe the growth of S.enteritis well by estimating four mathematics evaluation indexes,including determination coefficient(R2),root mean square error(RMSE),accuracy factor(Af)and bias factor(Bf).Moreover,sequential treatment of 15%NaCl stress followed by pH 4.5 stress was the best condition to inactivate S.Enteritidis in 10 h at 25◦C.The probabilistic model with Logistical or Weibullian form could also predict the inactivation of S.Enteritidis well,thus realize the unification of predictive model to some extent or generalization of inactivation model.Furthermore,the primary 4-parameter probabilistic model or generalized inactivation model had slightly higher applicability and reliability to describe the growth or inactivation of S.Enteritidis than Baranyi model or exponential inactivation model within the experimental range in this study.

Behaviors of Crystallization for Osmotic Pressure under Microwave Irradiation

We studied chemical garden in order to investigate precipitation behavior for osmotic pressure under microwave irradiation. The salt concentration and microwave irradiation power were varied. Microwave irradiation induced release of osmotic pressure and change of precipitation pattern because polar molecules vibrate and rotate in an electromagnetic field. For example, the width of precipitation increased and the number of rapture of the membrane decreased due to the release of osmotic pressure by the irradiation. Accordingly, microwave irradiation accelerated the diffusion of ionic molecules through the membrane.

THE CURATIVE EFFECT OF HIGH EFFICIENCY HEMODIALYSIS AND THE GRADIENT CHANGE OF PLASMA OSMOTIC PRESSURE(Report of 27 Cases)

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Pressure-driven membrane inflation through nanopores on the cell wall

Walled cells,such as in plants and fungi,compose an important part of the model systems in biology.The cell wall primarily prevents the cell from over-expansion when exposed to water,and is a porous material distributed with nanosized pores on it.In this paper,we study the deformation of a membrane patch by an osmotic pressure through a nanopore on the cell wall.We find that there exists a critical pore size or a critical pressure beyond which the membrane cannot stand against the pressure and would inflate out through the pore and further expand.The critical pore size scales linearly with the membrane tension and quadratically with the spontaneous curvature.The critical pressure is inversely proportional to the pore radius.Our results also show that the fluid membrane expansion by pressure is mechanically different from the solid balloon expansion,and predict that the bending rigidity of the membrane in walled cells should be much larger than that of the mammalian cells so as to prevent membrane inflation through the pores on the cell wall.

Loss of Responsiveness to Osmotic Stress in Maize Root:the Effect of Water Channel Blocker HgCl_2

In order to investigate the effect of water channel blocker HgCl2 on the hydraulic resistance in roots of maize seedlings, a xylem pressure probe was used to monitor the changes in root xylem pressure in response to NaCl- or mannitol-induced osmotic stresses before and after the application of HgCl2. When the maize roots were subjected to 500 umol L-1 HgCl2 in root bathing solution, not only a considerable decline in xylem pressure （increase in xylem tension） was observed, but the loss of responsiveness of the plant to both salt- and mannitol-induced osmotic stresses in terms of xylem pressure change was seen as well when the transpiration rate of the plant was not significantly changed. The results are similar but different from the reversed osmosis by the Fenton reaction in the internodes of Chara coralline, showing that the mechanisms of water transport across cell membrane in plant roots are far more complicated than expected.

流固耦合作用下深部岩石动态力学响应研究进展

深部岩石处于高地应力、高渗透压和强动态扰动的复杂地质环境之中,3者作用下岩石体更加容易发生损伤破裂,诱发突涌水、渗漏、井喷等工程地质灾害,因而探究流固耦合作用下岩石的动态力学响应是开展岩石工程建设的前提之一。近年来,国内外众多学者在考虑水和不同应力状态下的岩石动态力学实验研究方面取得了显著的成果。为给工程建设提供更加全面的指导并为后续研究奠定基础,从实验装置、测试结果以及围压与水的作用机理层面,对上述工作进行了回顾与总结。首先介绍了分离式霍普金森压杆测试装置的基本原理,以及用于模拟深部岩石赋存环境所进行的装置改进,包括围压分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统和孔压(渗透压)耦合的分离式霍普金森压杆实验系统,简要分析了各类装置在研究流固耦合作用下岩石动力学问题时的优势和不足。其次,总结了考虑不同应力状态(单向加载、三向围压加载)的流固耦合作用下岩石的动态力学响应特性。详细介绍了固定预设孔压、渗透压耦合作用下深部岩石的动态力学响应及其随孔隙水压、渗透压变化的规律。随后,概述了围压对岩石动力学性质的影响机理,分析了不同围压条件下的影响规律;总结了水对岩石动态力学性质的强化、弱化微观机制和定量表达。最后,对流固耦合作用下深部岩石的动态力学响应进行了概括总结,并对未来实验研究工作和深部赋存条件下岩石动态力学的研究方向进行了展望。

耐高渗青春双歧杆菌的筛选及发酵工艺优化

为解决青春双歧杆菌在生产中发酵密度低的问题,该文测定了94株青春双歧杆菌的耐渗能力,同时评价了耐高渗菌株耐渗能力的遗传稳定性,最后通过解析培养基底物和发酵工艺探究了耐高渗菌株的最适发酵条件,从而提高其生产中的发酵活菌数。筛选得到两株最高可耐受1400 mOsm/kg的菌株CCFM1302和CCFM1066,其最优氮源为复合氮源(胰酪蛋白胨和酵母浸粉FM528以质量比1∶1复合),最优碳氮比分别为(2.71±0.23)∶1和(2.53±0.11)∶1。以达到完全抑制渗透压为发酵终点推算底物最适浓度,进一步优化微量元素的添加量,得到最优培养基:复合氮源21.0 g/L、葡萄糖57.0 g/L(CCFM1302),复合氮源22.4 g/L、葡萄糖56.5 g/L(CCFM1066);此外添加MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O 0.25 g/L,半胱氨酸1 g/L、吐温801 mL/L。恒pH 5.5培养至稳定期发酵液活菌数可达(1.82±0.08)×10^(10)CFU/mL和(1.70±0.03)×10^(10)CFU/mL。该文筛选到可产业化的两株青春双歧杆菌,并优化其高密度发酵工艺,对生产和应用都具有重要意义。

酿酒酵母耐受机制研究进展

酿酒酵母在工业生产中被广泛应用,却会受到多种应激源和抑制物的限制,因此,探究酿酒酵母应对环境中各种不利因素的耐受机制,进而利用遗传改造技术等多种育种手段提高其耐受能力,对于提高酿酒酵母在工业生产中的鲁棒性和发酵能力至关重要。本文综述了酿酒酵母对渗透压、乙醇、高温、有机酸、活性氧、二氧化硫等的耐受机制,分析了酿酒酵母中与环境胁迫有关的耐受基因,并总结了耐受机制的研究方向,未来可通过系统生物学和基因工程技术深入研究菌种适应环境的分子机制和功能网络,为提高酿酒酵母在工业生产中的抗逆性和发酵能力提供理论和实践指导。

盐度胁迫对缢蛏渗透压、游离氨基酸及肌肽合成酶基因的影响

缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)为广盐性贝类,自身存在抵抗外界盐度胁迫的渗透调节机制。为探究缢蛏在适应盐度胁迫过程中发挥渗透调节作用的主要游离氨基酸(freeaminoacids,FAA)及其降解途径,本研究测定了不同盐度(5、20和35)胁迫下缢蛏组织的渗透压、FAA含量,并结合其肌肽合成酶基因(carnosine synthase, Sc-CARNS)的表达及相关生理指标的变化研究了Sc-CARNS基因的功能。结果显示,缢蛏鳃、足和血淋巴中渗透压和总游离氨基酸含量随着盐度的升高而升高,且各组织渗透压都在盐度胁迫24h后达到稳态。此时,缢蛏鳃、足和血淋巴中随盐度变化含量变化最明显的FAA分别为Ala、Gly、Glu、Pro,Ala、Gly、Arg、Tua和Ala、Ser、Thr、Gly。前期研究结果显示,在缢蛏盐度胁迫转录组中,Sc-CARNS表达上调,与盐度调节相关。Sc-CARNS在缢蛏肌肉型组织中表达量最高。低盐胁迫下,Sc-CARNS m RNA表达量和肌肽含量显著升高(P<0.05),丙氨酸(Ala)含量变化趋势与肌肽相反。受RNA干扰后,正常盐度和低盐胁迫下,Sc-CARNS基因在足中m RNA表达量和肌肽含量先下降后升高,丙氨酸含量变化则相反,48h干扰效率和含量变化最高,且肌肽与丙氨酸是1∶1的转化。结果表明,缢蛏属于渗透压随变者,体内FAA中的丙氨酸在渗透调节方面的贡献率最大,肌肽合成酶(CARNS)是丙氨酸代谢为肌肽的关键酶,参与渗透压调节过程。本研究揭示了低盐胁迫下缢蛏渗透压调节的关键机理,为揭示竹蛏科(Solenida)贝类独特的盐度耐受性机制提供了依据。