金属离子对Trichoderma longibrachiatum UN32石斛碱型生物碱产量的影响

石斛碱是传统植物金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile)的特征药用活性成分,结构上属于石斛型生物碱(dendrobine-type total alkaloids,DTTAs)。石斛碱的积累受周期和环境的影响,仅从植物中获取难以满足需求。该研究的对象Trichoderma longibrachiatum UN32是实验室前期通过复合诱变获得的产DTTAs的正突变株。为提高UN32的生物碱产量,使产物表达水平趋于稳定,该研究从UN32发酵培养基中无机盐的添加量出发,利用响应面法确定金属离子的最优配比。根据Plackett-Burman法设计筛选出对响应结果影响程度最显著的3个因素分别为Zn^(2+)、Cu^(2+)、Fe^(2+),其最佳添加时间和添加浓度分别是Cu^(2+)0.5 mmol/L(第6天)、Fe^(2+)0.4 mmol/L(第6天)和Zn^(2+)0.7 mmol/L(第3天)。响应面统计的结果显示,当模型响应值生物碱量达最大值时,Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)和Fe^(2+)的浓度分别为0.54、0.69、0.39 mmol/L,此时生物碱产量达到(317.36±6.48)μg,比初始培养基提高了72.68%。综上,金属离子及其不同组合对菌株UN32生物碱的积累具有促进作用,该方法具有较好的开发价值和应用前景。

Decolorization of azo dyes with high salt concentration by salt-tolerant mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions

Because the lack of detailed study of biological decolorization in high salt dye wastewater, it is still difficult to evaluate the biological treatment on high-salinity dye wastewater. The experiments were carried out to study the salt-tolerant bacteria, which is useful in the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 5-150 g/L salt （NaCI） and 50-2000 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP was treated with three salt-tolerant mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS）, which were under a gradually acclimated procedure. With the increase of concentrations of salt and dye, the decolorization became low. The abilities of decolorization of dyes wastewater by three mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS） were studied, CAS and DSAS mixed cultures showed more active for the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater than TAS mixed cultures. The results suggested that there might be a simple process for the high salt wastewater treatment, which could be incorporated into conventional activated sludge plants.

Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the salt-tolerant eelgrass species, Zostera marina

Zostera marina, a monocotyledonous angiosperm, is one of the most important seagrass species. To inves- tigate the salt-tolerance mechanism and discover salt-tolerant genes in Z. marina, a cDNA library was con- structed. Single-pass sequencing of the 5＇ ends of 4 081 clones yielded 4 002 high quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs）, which were assembled into 241 contigs and 1 673 singletons, representing 1 914 unigenes. The average length of the ESTs was 582 bp, with sizes ranging from 100-1 500 bp. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLASTX） analysis revealed that 1 664 unigenes had significant homology to known genes in the Na- tional Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） non-redundant （nr） database （E-value≤5-10）. Among them, the two most abundant genes encoded metallothionein （157 ESTs） and chlorophyll a/b-binding pro- tein （38 ESTs）, accounting for 7.1% and 1.7% of the total ESTs, respectively. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）, 1 462 unigenes were assigned to 1 161 pathways （E-value≤5-10）. A total of 938 unigenes were assigned Gene Ontology （GO） terms based on the GO hierarchy analysis, and InterProScan searches recognized 1 003 InterPro families. Three genes for metallothionein in Z. marina that belonged to Class II was identified. Results of this study will improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms of saline tolerance in Z. marina.

Salt-tolerant mechanism of marine Aspergillus niger cellulase cocktail and improvement of its activity

The cellulase cocktail produced by marine Aspergillus niger exhibits a property of salt-tolerance,which is of great potential in cellulose degradation in high salt environment.In order to explain the mechanism on the salttolerance of the cellulase cocktail produced by marine A.niger,six cellulase components(AnCel6,AnCel7A,AnCel7B,AnEGL,AnBGL1 and AnBGL2)were obtained by directed expression.Studies on their enzymatic properties revealed that oneβ-glucosidase(AnBGL2)and one endoglucanase(AnEGL)exhibited an outstanding salttolerant property,and one cellobiohydrolase(AnCel7B)exhibited a certain salt-tolerant property.Subsequent study revealed that the salt-tolerant An EGL and AnCel7B endowed the cellulase cocktail with stronger salttolerant property,while the salt-tolerant An BGL2 had no positive effect.Moreover,after overexpression of AnCel6,AnCel7A,AnCel7B and AnEGL,the activity of cellulase cocktail increased by 80%,70%,63%and 68%,respectively.However,the activity of cellulase cocktail was not improved after overexpression of AnBGL1 and AnBGL2.After mixed-strain fermentation with cellobiohydrolase recombinants(cel6 a,cel7a and cel7b recombinants)and endoglucanase recombinant(egl recombinant),the the activity of cellulase cocktail increased by 114%,102%and91%,respectively.

Rheological properties of salt-tolerant HPAM solutions with ultrahigh molecular weight

The rheological properties of salt-tolerant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions with molecular of 2.5×107 g/mol at different concentrations were measured in steady-state shear flow mode by Haake Rheostress 150 rheometer.Three constitutive equations(Oldroyd four constant model,Guesekus model and FENE-P model) were used for describing the apparent viscosity and first normal stress difference.The apparent viscosity of salt-tolerant HPAM solutions appears a first Newtonian zone when the shear rate is approximately lower than 0.2 s-1.At high shear rate,the HPAM solutions show shear-thinning and elasticity.The results show that the FENE-P model has the best agreement between theoretical and experimental data within the available shear rate range.The material parameters are useful for numerical analysis of polymer solution flow fields.

Response of Salt-Tolerant Rice Varieties to Biocompost Application in Sodic Soil of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Biocompost is prepared by composting pressmud (a sugar industry byproduct) received from cane juice filtration and spent wash received from distilleries through microbial aerobic decomposition and can be used to reclaim sodic soils. Field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of incorporation of biocompost in sodic soil with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—Biocompost at 2 t ha-1, T3—Biocompost at 4 t ha-1 and T4—Biocompost at 6 t ha-1. The two promising salt tolerant rice varieties preferred by farmers, Narendra usar 3 and NDR 359 were used as test crops, which can produce yields ranging between 2-4 t ha-1 in soil having a pH range of 9.2 to 10.5. Among the different doses of biocompost tested, application of biocompost at 6 t ha-1 registered highest yields, enabled by a higher biomass, ear bearing tiller (EBT), and grain fertility in both varieties. Narendra usar 3 was more responsive to treatments even at lower doses of biocompost than NDR 359, but NDR 359 yielded slightly higher than Narendra usar 3 in all treatments. Soil health was also improved evidently on better fertility and low soil pH and EC at harvest. Thus, biocompost can be considered as a commercially viable, environmentally acceptable and practically enforceable option for improving the crop productivity and soil fertility status.

The Beneficial Effect of Trichoderma spp. in Seed Treatment of Four Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Maize is the main crop for Mexicans;however, it is affected by species of fungi causing ear rot. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of T. asperellum T11, T. harzianum T1 4 y T. longibrachiatum T1 40 on some agronomic variables of four maize genotypes. The seeds of the genotypes H-515, Zapata 7, and H-507 were treated with a suspension of Trichoderma spp. to 1 × 108 spores mL-1, using a control (untreated seed), and Benomyl as chemical control. The planting was in Morelos, in a completely random block design with a factorial arrangement. The ear rot was natural. Data were obtained at the end of the crop cycle and processed in SAS 9.4®. H-515 genotype had the greatest effect on the treatment of maize seeds with Trichoderma spp. (5.562 kg);T. asperellum T11 was the strain that stood out with a mean yield of 50 ears in an area of 16 m2 of 4.904 kg, and control of 4.448 kg. Our results are an economic option for farmers to contemplate the use of Trichoderma and obtain its benefits.

Chemical Composition and Ruminal Digestibility of Ceratoides, a Salt-tolerant Perennial Plant,at Different Years

It has been proposed that salt-tolerant plant could be used as a feed resource for ruminants whereby salt would be removed from salinized land (Asian -Aust. J. Anim. Sci. (2002) 15:998 -1001). Ceratoides arborescens (Losinsk.) Tsien et C. G. Ma is known as a drought-and salt-tolerant plant,a kind of shrubs, growing in semi-arid land of Inner Mongolia. Because the covering effect of the perennial plant as a mulch over the soil might be expected, the optimum covering effect would be obtained after the growth period.The perennial plant produces seeds around summer and end its growth thereafter. Nutrient value of the perennial salt-tolerant plant, however,had not been reported in flowering period at different year. It is necessary to know the ruminal degradability of the plants of each growing year in order to determine the regimen to diet for ruminants. The present experiment,therefore,was undertaken to analyze the digestibility and chemical composition of Ceratoides arborescens as feed for ruminants.

Degradation effects on dichlorvos by a biocontrol strain,Trichoderma atroviride T23

Excessive use of organophosphate pesticides(OP),such as dichlorvos,in farming system poses a threat to human health through potential contamination of environment.To date,biodegradation has been prospected most promising approach to eliminate environmental OP residues.Trichoderma species as a biological control microorganism is often exposed to the chemical pesticides applied in environments,so it is necessary to understand the mechanism of degradation of dichlorvos by Trichoderma.In this study,dichlorvos significantly inhibited the growth,sporulation and pigmentation of T.atroviride T23,and the dichlorvos degradation activity of T23 required the initial induction effect of dichlorvos and the culture conditions,including the nutrient and pH values of the medium.Various changed primary and secondary metabolites released from T23 in the presence of dichlorvos were speculated as the energy and antioxidants for the strain itself to tolerate dichlorvos stress.The results showed that T23 could produce a series of enzymes,especially the intracellular enzymes,to degrade dichlorvos.The activities of the intracellular enzyme generated by T23 were differentially changed along time course and especially relied on initial dichlorvos concentration,ammonium sulfate and phosphate added in the medium.In conclusion,some dichlorvos-induced chemical degradation related enzymes of T23 were proved to be involved in the degradation of dichlorvos.

百里香内生真菌塞缪尔斯木霉Trichoderma samuelsii 2-63菌株的鉴定及其抗真菌活性

植物病原真菌是导致作物产量损失和品质下降的重要因素之一,因此,开发低毒高效的抑菌剂一直是研究的热点。本研究从百里香植株茎中分离得到1株内生真菌2-63菌株,通过形态学结合分子生物学鉴定其为塞缪尔斯木霉Trichoderma samuelsii。平板拮抗活性表明:T.samuelsii 2-63菌株对8种植物病原真菌的拮抗活性均达70.0%以上,其中对枸杞黑霉病菌Alternaia alternata拮抗活性最高可达87.1%;平板共培养试验表明:T.samuelsii 2-63菌株挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)也表现出对病原菌不同程度的抑制活性,抑制率在31.0%~68.5%;但T.samuelsii 2-63菌株液体发酵液和粗提物的抑菌活性较低。抑菌活性结果结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析试验结果表明:T.samuelsii 2-63菌株抑菌活性的关键成分为VOCs,其主要组分为6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(6-PP)。探索性试验表明:固体发酵条件下,大米培养基比大麦培养基更利于6-PP的产生,最大产量为38.6 mg/mL;浅层液体培养条件下,6-PP随着培养时间的增加出现先上升后下降的趋势,在培养第15天时产量最大,为0.1 mg/mL。该研究结果为基于木霉菌的微生物菌剂和农药的开发提供了一定的理论依据和试验基础。

红豆杉内生真菌Trichoderma sp.次生代谢产物及其抗菌活性研究

目的从红豆杉内生木霉属真菌MPT-009的次生代谢产物中发现具有抗菌活性的单体化合物。方法采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex-LH20柱层析和半制备高效液相等方法进行分离,利用高分辨率质谱、NMR波谱数据和电子圆二色谱(ECD)计算等方法确定化合物结构,通过二倍稀释法评价化合物对8种临床耐药性细菌和7种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果从木霉属真菌MPT-009大米发酵产物中共分离得到了一个新的聚酮化合物trichoketide F(1)和6个已知化合物10-deacetylkoningiopisin D(2)、koninginin A(3)、koninginin B(4)、koninginin D(5)、koninginin E(6)、isoharziandione(7)。化合物1对马铃薯黄萎病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、油菜菌核菌、棉花枯萎病菌、草莓黑斑病菌、玉米小斑病菌显示一定的抑制活性,MIC值为12.5~50μg/mL。结论本文对红豆杉内生真菌Trichoderma sp.的次生代谢产物进行了深入研究,分离得到1个新化合物,丰富了木霉属真菌代谢产物,且该化合物对油菜菌核病菌具有较好的抑制活性,MIC值为12.5μg/mL。

降解聚乙烯真菌哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)的筛选和鉴定

从长期覆膜农田土壤中筛选出一种能够降解聚乙烯的菌株——哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum).将筛选出的哈茨木霉接种到以聚乙烯为唯一碳源的培养基中培育30天,聚乙烯失重率约为10%,聚乙烯薄膜表面出现明显的孔洞和裂痕.

木霉微生物菌肥的制备及对玉米茎腐病的应用评价

以前期分离鉴定的生防菌株非洲哈茨木霉Tr35为研究对象,通过载体的筛选,制备木霉菌剂和木霉微生物菌肥。通过测定不同含量的木霉菌剂和木霉有机肥的株高、根长和鲜重,筛选促生效果明显的处理,并通过室内盆栽试验,评价其对玉米苗期茎腐病的防效。结果显示,玉米秸秆粉具有吸水性强、对Tr35无毒和高释放率的优点,与Tr35共同发酵制备木霉菌剂,当土与菌剂为5∶1时,促生效果明显,并对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达51.77%。菌剂土与腐熟羊粪为7∶1时的木霉有机肥促生效果最好,以该比例制备木霉微生物菌肥,对玉米苗期茎腐病防效达61.31%,该研究结果为Tr35菌剂和菌肥的应用开发提供了一定的前期基础。

香菇杂交菌株抗木霉能力筛选及可靠性分析

香菇育种中,抗木霉能力是筛选优良菌株的重要指标。为了提高菌株抗木霉能力筛选效率,通过香菇与木霉菌株在培养皿中的对峙培养,利用拮抗带宽度、香菇拮抗半径和木霉入侵距离3种方法对256株香菇杂交菌株进行抗木霉能力筛选。每种方法各筛选61株抗性强的菌株(合计101株)进行栽培试验,比较抗木霉能力的一致性、相关性和可靠性。结果表明,香菇拮抗半径、拮抗带宽度和木霉入侵距离3种方法测定的菌株抗木霉能力趋势线一致,相关系数分别为-0.699、0.536和-0.675,存在极显著较大相关,栽培污染群体指数分别为6.3、4.6和9.9,说明拮抗带宽度测定方法筛选的菌株抗木霉能力更强,其次为香菇拮抗半径,最差为木霉入侵距离。

化肥减施条件下木霉生物有机肥对茄子生长和品质的影响

以茄子为供试材料,设置4个处理:不施用任何肥料(CK)、常规施肥(T1)、较常规施肥减施30%化肥(T2)和较常规施肥减施30%化肥+木霉生物有机肥(T3),研究了木霉生物有机肥对茄子生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3处理的株高和茎粗高于T2处理,其中株高差异达到显著水平;产量方面,T1≈T3>T2>CK,T1、T2和T3处理的产量较CK处理分别增加23.90%、14.27%、20.19%,T3处理的产量较T2处理增加5.18%;T3处理的可溶性蛋白含量显著高于其他各个处理,且与T2处理相比,VC含量显著提高;经济效益方面,与T2处理相比,T3处理每公顷收益增加8769.60元。主成分分析结果显示,不同处理下茄子的综合生长及品质排序为:T3>T1>T2>CK,木霉生物有机肥替代30%化肥处理综合评价最高。聚类分析将4个处理分成3类,T1处理和T3处理归为一类,T1处理生长指标好,有最高的株高、茎粗和产量,T3处理品质指标优异,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和VC含量最高,两者综合评价得分相近。综上,木霉生物有机肥替代30%化肥不仅能够有效提高茄子的株高、茎粗,而且还能显著提高茄子的可溶性蛋白和VC含量,有效改善茄子的品质,同时对于增加茄子产量和经济效益也效果明显。

棘孢木霉与30%霜霉·嘧菌酯协同防治烟草镰刀菌根腐病

为筛选防治烟草镰刀菌根腐病高效、安全的复配剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定生防棘孢木霉Tr-0111、化学杀菌剂30%霜霉·嘧菌酯对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的毒力及两者的相容性,同时测定两者混配对尖孢镰刀菌的毒力系数,并通过盆栽试验评价其对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防治效果。结果表明,30%霜霉·嘧菌酯和棘孢木霉Tr-0111对尖孢镰刀菌均具有较强的毒力,其EC50值分别为0.0643 mL/L、2.36×10^(2)cfu/mL,且两者相容性好。除V30%霜霉·嘧菌酯∶V_(Tr-0111)=4∶6时无增效作用,其他8个混配比例均具有增效作用,其中V_(30%霜霉·嘧菌酯)∶V_(Tr-0111)=7∶3时增效比率最高,为1.16,抑菌率为68.37%。盆栽试验结果表明,V_(30%霜霉·嘧菌酯)∶V_(Tr-0111)=5∶5时,对烟草镰刀菌根腐病的防效最好,为78.18%,其次为7∶3和1∶9,防效分别为77.27%和72.73%,均显著高于单一使用30%霜霉·嘧菌酯和棘孢木霉Tr-0111。因此,可以将0.0643 mL/L 30%霜霉·嘧菌酯和2.36×10^(2)cfu/mL棘孢木霉Tr-0111以5∶5比例混匀复配应用于烟田防治烟草镰刀菌根腐病,减少化学农药使用。

哈茨木霉β-葡聚糖酶诱导、纯化及对黄瓜幼苗的促生防病作用

在实验室条件下分别以β-葡聚糖、麦麸和黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)细胞壁作为唯一碳源诱导哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)Th-30发酵产生β-葡聚糖酶,采用硫酸铵盐析和琼脂糖凝胶色谱柱层析法对β-葡聚糖酶进行分离纯化,以津研4号黄瓜为试验材料,探究β-葡聚糖酶对黄瓜幼苗抗性生理指标、形态指标的影响及黄瓜常见土传病害的防控作用。结果表明:不同诱导条件下木霉Th-30发酵产β-葡聚糖酶活性差异显著,经β-葡聚糖诱导发酵的粗酶液酶活性最高,发酵72 h时达75.63 U·mL^(-1);纯化的β-葡聚糖酶比活力为783.56 U·mg^(-1),是粗酶液的45.32倍;5倍液和10倍液β-葡聚糖酶可显著提高黄瓜幼苗的根系活力、游离脯氨酸含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及根冠比和壮苗指数;β-葡聚糖酶10倍液处理对黄瓜立枯病、黄瓜枯萎病、黄瓜疫病、黄瓜猝倒病、黄瓜菌核病的防效为50.36%~80.63%。

拟康宁木霉对含铬黑T废水的处理特性研究

利用拟康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningiopsis)对铬黑T模拟废水进行脱色降解。以铬黑T去除率为指标,探究反应时间、初始铬黑T浓度、投菌量、葡萄糖用量、温度以及转速等对拟康宁木霉处理铬黑T效果的影响。通过正交实验探究拟康宁木霉处理铬黑T的最佳条件,并对其处理特性进行研究。结果表明:拟康宁木霉处理铬黑T模拟废水的最适条件包括初始铬黑T质量浓度20 mg/L,投菌量7.5 g/L,转速140 r/min,以0.4 g/L葡萄糖作为外加碳源,在30℃下反应20 h,铬黑T去除率达96.8%,且该菌对混合染料废水的去除率在90%左右。拟康宁木霉对铬黑T的吸附属于均质单层吸附,且符合一级动力学模型。拟康宁木霉对铬黑T的处理是通过生物吸附与降解的协同作用而实现。

淡紫拟青霉·哈茨木霉微胶囊剂的制备及对苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

为延长微生物菌剂货架期,提高其在环境中存活率,保证其药效,本研究采用复凝聚法分别制备淡紫拟青霉和哈茨木霉微胶囊剂。微胶囊剂以哈茨木霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌为芯材,明胶和阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过响应面法确定了微胶囊的最佳包埋条件。淡紫拟青霉微胶囊成囊条件为:明胶和阿拉伯胶各2.5%(40 mL)为壁材溶液、孢子浓度1×10^(9)cfu/m L、固化pH和温度分别为:4℃和40℃、搅拌速度500 r/min,最终包埋率达(85.44±0.22)%,中位粒径为23.62μm。4℃下贮存720 d,孢子存活率为95.23%;哈茨木霉成囊条件为:明胶和阿拉伯胶各1.6%(40 mL)为壁材溶液、孢子浓度1×10^(9)cfu/mL、固化pH和温度分别为:4.2℃和40℃、搅拌速度500 r/min,包埋率达92.17%,中位粒径为27.19μm。25℃下的存活率为92.11%。4℃下贮存720 d后,孢子存活率为96.25%。将制备的复合微胶囊剂用于苹果轮纹病的室内离体测试,当哈茨木霉微胶囊与淡紫拟青霉微胶囊以浓度6:4的比例进行混合后,抑制效果可达60.0%。

哈茨木霉UN⁃2β⁃葡聚糖酶诱导及对水稻纹枯病的抑菌防病作用

【目的】优化哈茨木霉UN⁃2菌株产β⁃葡聚糖酶的培养基组分及发酵参数,提高其产酶能力,研究β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病病原菌的拮抗作用及田间防效,阐明哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2在水稻纹枯病生物防治中的应用潜力。【方法】采用单因素试验考察不同碳源、氮源和金属离子对哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶的影响,利用正交试验确定木霉菌株产β⁃葡聚糖酶的最适温度、pH、接种量、瓶装量、摇床转速和发酵时间,优化哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶诱导发酵条件;通过体外拮抗试验和田间防效试验研究β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病的抑菌防病作用。【结果】哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2发酵产β⁃葡聚糖酶最佳碳源和氮源分别为麦麸和硫酸铵,金属离子Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)对木霉产β⁃葡聚糖酶活性具有明显的促进作用。哈茨木霉UN⁃2菌株以10.0 g/L麦麸、0.5 g/Lβ⁃葡聚糖、4.0 g/L硫酸铵、1.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+)、0.5 mmol/L Mg^(2+)为培养基,在温度32℃、起始pH 6.5、接种量8 mL(10^(6) cfu/mL)、瓶装量30 mL/250 mL、摇床转速160 r/min条件下发酵64 h获得β⁃葡聚糖酶活性最高。木霉菌株UN⁃2产β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对立枯丝核菌和禾谷丝核菌的菌丝生长和菌核萌发具有明显的抑制作用,对由立枯丝核菌引起的水稻纹枯病的田间防效达70.45%,与5%井冈霉素处理相当,β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液处理可提高水稻结实率和稻粒充实度。【结论】哈茨木霉菌株UN⁃2在最优发酵条件下产酶活性达97.68 U/mL,β⁃葡聚糖酶粗酶液对水稻纹枯病具有较强的抑菌防病效果,并对水稻植株具有一定的促生作用。