同一罪名下“犯罪构成群”质疑

在我国刑法的每一个具体罪名之下实质上均存在着一个“犯罪构成群”,这一“犯罪构成群”可内分为两类犯罪构成:一是典型犯罪构成,二是非典型犯罪构成。我国目前的刑法立法和司法并没有将每一个具体罪名下的拟制犯、扩张解释犯、预备犯、未遂犯和中止犯当作几个独立罪种看待,而是将这几种行为统一归到典型犯罪构成的同一罪种之中,并以典型犯罪的同一罪名定罪处罚,这一做法违背了概念的原理。在每一个具体罪名的“犯罪构成群”里,典型犯罪构成、拟制的犯罪构成、扩张解释的犯罪构成和未完成形态的犯罪构成各自所体现的本质属性是不同的,它们应成立各自独立的犯罪构成,其行为种类各自应作为独立的罪种予以规定。

On the Criminal Responsibility of Buying Abducted Women or Children: The Human Dignity Perspective

Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.