The Application of Solid Waste in Thermal Insulation Materials: A Review

As socioeconomic development continues,the issue of building energy consumption has attracted significant attention,and improving the thermal insulation performance of buildings has become a crucial strategic measure.Simultaneously,the application of solid waste in insulation materials has also become a hot topic.This paper reviews the sources and classifications of solid waste,focusing on research progress in its application as insulation materials in the domains of daily life,agriculture,and industry.The research shows that incorporating household solid waste materials,such as waste glass,paper,and clothing scraps into cementitious thermal insulation can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials,leading to excellent thermal insulation properties.Insulation materials prepared from agricultural solid waste,such as barley straw,corn stalk,chicken feather,and date palm fibers,possess characteristics of lightweight and strong thermal insulation.Industrial solid waste,including waste tires,iron tailings,and coal bottom ash,can also be utilized in the preparation of insulation materials.These innovative applications not only have positive environmental significance by reducing waste emissions and resource consumption,but also provide efficient and sustainable insulation solutions for the construction industry.However,to further optimize the mix design and enhance the durability of insulation materials,continuous research is required to investigate the mechanisms through which solid waste impacts the performance of insulation materials.

Study on the Hydrate Activity of Fine Building Waste

This paper discusses the way to activate building waste in order to increase the amount of waste used in building material products. Different admixtures are studied. The results show that the strength of hardened cement mortar with admixtures is higher than that without admixtures. For the mixture of 80% fine building waste and 20% cement, 1.5% Na2SO4 (in weight) is most effective to increase strength.

Exploration on the Recycling of Waste Building Materials in Comprehensive Land Consolidation from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

The necessity and difficulties of waste building material utilization in comprehensive land consolidation are put forward by analyzing the source,quantity and harm of waste building materials.Combined with the practice of Shanghai,the mechanism and pattern of waste building materials recycling are explored,in order to provide the reference for recycling of waste building materials and efficient promotion of land consolidation.

The Future Resources for Eco-building Materials:Ⅱ. Fly Ash and Coal Waste

To use fly ash and coal waste effectively, the current technologies for reprocessing and recycling these wastes into eco-building materials were reviewed, such as utilizing fly ash as the component of fly ash cement and low heat cement after the processes of separation, removal of carbon remains and fine comminution, calcining coal waste into kaolin and meta-kaolin with suspension technology, and preparing clinkerless alkali-activated geopolymer materials with fly ash and meta-kaolin.

Treatment Conditions of Building Wastes in China and Its Integrated Management Measures

The status of utilization and disposal of the building wastes are introduced on the basis of analysis of its compositions, genera- tion and effects on urban environment. The basic framework of the integrated building waste management, including control of the sources, reduction of the integrated process and final disposal, are proposed in view of the problems existing in recovery of the building wastes and the experiences from the developed countries.

Deep Learning-Based Swot Analysis in Construction and Demolition Waste Management

Researchers worldwide have employed a varied array of sources to cal-culate the successful management of Construction and Demolition(C&DW).Limited research has been undertaken in the domain of Construction and Demoli-tion Waste Management(C&DWM)and consequently leaving a large gap in the availability of effective management techniques.Due to the limited time available for building removal and materials collection,preparing for building materials reuse at the end of life is frequently a challenging task.In this research work Con-volutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)is proposed to predict the number of waste materials that are obtained from a building at the end of its useful life.As a result,an effective Waste Management(WM)plan has been established through SWOT analysis.The results of the study reveal that,given fundamental building characteristics,it is possible to predict the number of materials that would be collected with high precision from a building after demolition.The proposed deep learning models achieved an average R-squared value of 0.98 and a Mean Absolute Error of 18.1 and 20.14 better than existing methods such as random forest,CNN,and DBN(Data Bus Network).

Forecasting Model to Evaluate C&D Wastes by Maintenance and Refurbishment:The Case of Le Vallette

The urban regeneration lies on closed loops of energy,materials,information.The aim of case study is to evaluate and support policies of urban regeneration.The topic of the study is the control of waste flow made by the C&D(construction&demolition)activities involving the urban district.Each building produces a continuous flow of wastes during its predicted service life.This flow is mainly due to small building sites that generate small amount of wastes.In this way the collection,recycle and reuse material can be less accurate.In a regeneration perspective the reused and/or recycled part must be maximized.The study develops a GIS(geographic information system)based model for the assessment of the maintenance workloads of wastes produced.Coming from the data available by the public authorities and the survey on sites,the research group has carried out evaluation of the amount of wastes for building envelope,interior refurbishment of apartments,roads and parking lots.The output is a raw estimation of the C&D wastes by the maintenance and refurbishment of an urban district in Turin based on real evaluation of works needed.

建筑物下特厚煤层镁渣基全固废连采连充开采技术与实践

我国建筑物下压煤量巨大,同时煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基工业固体废弃物排放量日益增加,严重制约地方经济社会发展。以榆林麻黄梁煤矿为试验矿井,针对其特厚煤层、建筑物下压煤、充填成本高等问题,提出了特厚煤层全固废连采连充开采技术。采用四阶段工序并将特厚煤层分为上、下2部分二次回采压覆煤炭,最大程度控制地面沉降。为降低充填原材料成本,采用化学优化剂对镁渣进行源头改性,抑制镁渣冷却粉化,稳定水化活性,协同粉煤灰、脱硫石膏等煤基固废,研发了改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料。采用改性镁−煤渣基胶凝材料胶结煤矸石、粉煤灰制备了全固废充填材料。针对麻黄梁煤矿四阶段强、弱充填强度要求,设计不同配比的改性镁渣基充填材料试验,优选配比并应用于井下充填。论述了膏体充填系统与充填接顶方法。麻黄梁煤矿全固废胶结充填工艺试验显示,井下28 d龄期充填体钻芯平均单轴抗压强度超设计强度27%,钻芯浸出毒性满足相关国家标准要求,成功回收了建筑物下压覆煤炭资源,社会经济效益显著。麻黄梁煤矿特厚煤层全固废胶结充填开采实践为国内类似矿井提供了有益借鉴,同时为我国大型煤炭基地的“煤−电−化−冶”固废大规模资源化利用提供了新的思路。

煤基固废制备胶凝材料研究进展及应用

煤矸石、粉煤灰、气化渣作为煤炭开采—化工转化—燃煤发电等过程产生的固体废弃物,年排放量超过15亿t,综合利用率约60%,主要以低端建工建材消纳为主,市场趋于饱和。随着环保政策趋近,煤基固废的资源化利用新途径开发迫在眉睫。基于煤基固废具有铝硅酸盐成分、潜在的火山灰活性和特殊的微观结构等胶凝特性,低成本高性能的低碳胶凝材料成为其规模化高值利用的新途径。综述煤基固废胶凝材料的活性激发技术及应用领域。活性激发方面,阐述了物理激发、碱激发和酸激发等活化方式对胶凝材料矿相变化的影响规律和产品性能调控,总结了现有技术的优势和需要解决的问题。应用领域方面,分析了煤基固废胶凝材料在建筑材料、道路修复、环境修复等领域的应用效果。基于上述现状,对煤基固废胶凝材料激发机理研究、组分配比优化、材料环保性能、工程应用推广等未来发展方向进行展望。研究对煤基固废制备胶凝材料具有重要的借鉴意义,为煤基固废规模化利用提供新途径。

固废基水化硅酸钙制备及综合利用研究进展

大宗固废是工业生产过程中产生的各种固体废弃物,大多数固废中含有较多的硅资源和各种有价资源。水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)是一种疏松多孔、表面活性强的材料,被广泛应用于水泥活化、保温材料制备和重金属吸附等方面,将大宗固废有价资源高效提取和硅资源高效利用制备C-S-H相结合,是提高固废资源化和实现C-S-H材料规模化利用的良好途径。因此,本文分析了固废基C-S-H的合成方法及其结构、性能特点,论述了C-S-H材料在建材、环境、化工、生物等领域的应用,并进一步展望了其未来的发展方向,从而为大宗固废的硅资源利用和C-S-H材料的可控制备提供参考。

绿色建筑施工废弃物堆放对周围环境的污染与低碳化处理措施研究

针对绿色建筑施工废弃物堆放对周围环境的污染展开分析,并设计了合理的低碳化处理措施。在确定研究目标背景概况后,根据废弃物产生和堆放情况,考虑监测点之间的距离,合理布设监测采样点,并借助相关仪器完成样本检测,获取堆放场污染时空分布特征。以特征分析结果为基础,提出提升垃圾利用率、使用装配式材料等低碳化处理措施。经过低碳化检测效果可知,利用研究制定的低碳化治理措施开展废弃物低碳化处理后,能够有效降低堆放场的污染物污染浓度,且可以实现废弃物的再利用。

某调度通信楼空调系统节能减碳改造设计实践

重点介绍了某调度通信楼空调系统的节能减碳改造设计,通过综合运用余热回收、可再生能源、固体蓄热、高效制冷机房等多项技术,构建了安全可靠、绿色低碳、高效节能的空调系统。采用HDY-SMAD空调负荷计算及分析软件模拟了建筑物全年的空调能耗,并对优化前后空调系统的运行能耗和碳排放进行了测算。结果显示,优化方案空调系统全年节约电量100万kW·h,全年碳减排573 t,节能减碳效果显著。

低碳环保视角下绿色建筑施工废弃物再生处理方法研究

建筑施工废弃物污染环境,也会威胁居民的身体健康,为此提出低碳环保视角下绿色建筑施工废弃物再生处理方法。估算绿色建筑施工废弃物总产量,制定绿色建筑施工废弃物再生骨料制备工艺流程,确定废弃物破碎比最佳取值,结合矿物掺合料、减水剂、水泥、砂、拌合水等材料共同制备再生混凝土,确定每种材料的配合比,从而实现废弃物的再生处理。实验数据显示:所提方法应用后获得的废弃物再生骨料含泥量最小值0.24%,吸水率最小值为3.6%,废弃物再生混凝土塌落度最大值为196 mm,强度最大值为19.4 MPa,证实了所提方法下废弃物再生产品符合应用要求。

低碳视角下绿色建筑施工废弃物二次有效利用技术研究

建筑施工废弃物如果处理不当,容易导致土地、水源和空气的污染。废弃物二次有效利用技术能够将废弃物转化为新的建筑材料或能源,从而减少能源消耗和碳排放,故提出低碳视角下绿色建筑施工废弃物二次有效利用技术。在分析建筑施工废弃物处理需解决问题的基础上,分析建筑物施工废弃物的来源与分类,并在分类回收利用、常见废弃物的处理与利用、废弃物二次有效利用技术三个方面展开绿色建筑施工废弃物二次利用的研究。通过实例验证,绿色建筑施工废弃物二次有效利用技术的有效性。

废弃物在人造骨料中的应用研究

人造骨料是以人工方法使材料快速成粒并硬化所得到的骨料制品。废弃物通常作为人造骨料生产的原材料参与骨料制备。研究发现不同废弃物会对人造骨料性能及骨料环境污染特性造成不同的影响。对目前几种常见用于骨料生产的废弃物进行概述,并总结现有的骨料硬化方式(烧结、冷结、蒸养、蒸压和碳化硬化)。结合近年来用于骨料生产的废弃物,综述了各种废弃物作为骨料制备材料对骨料性能的影响或是对其安全性能的评估,并提出了研究建议。

垃圾焚烧发电、废弃物处理PPP项目建筑给排水工程施工方法

本文首先阐述了给排水工程的重要性,其次结合实例工程详细介绍了施工方法,包括管道预留预埋、管道安装、设备调试等方面的技术要点。通过合理的施工安排和质量控制,确保给排水系统的稳定运行。最后,总结了该施工方法在实践中的应用效果和价值。

某排土场固废资源再利用工艺流程技改研究

河北省迁安市某铁矿矿山生态环境综合治理项目为利用排土场固废资源生产建材产品,自投产以来,存在胶带机传动装置发热、粗破工序处理能力达不到设计标准、中细碎及制砂设备达不到满负荷运转等问题,其中最为显著的是建材产品产率相对较低。通过对流程中的问题进行分析,针对性地进行了粗破料仓改形、部分胶带机电机扩容、增加磁选机等工艺流程改造。改造后,建筑砂产量增加了25.56万t/a,全铁品位60%±5%的铁矿石粗精矿产量增加了1.38万t/a,技改效果显著。

透水型建筑固废再生水稳材料抗压性能及疲劳性能试验研究

老旧建筑拆除固体废弃物再生骨料可作为生态化建材用于透水型再生水稳基层,但其力学性能和耐久性仍亟待深入研究。该文采用建筑固废再生骨料替代天然碎石,将再生骨料、高炉矿渣、粉煤灰和硅灰等组分掺量作为设计变量,基于正交试验理论共设计了9种不同胶凝材料配比类型的透水型再生水稳材料,测试并分析了其室内无侧限抗压强度、渗透系数、弯拉应力以及疲劳寿命等力学性能的变化规律,并构建了相应的预测模型。研究结果表明:透水型再生水稳材料7天无侧限抗压强度满足我国高等级公路使用要求,渗透系数也满足我国透水道路使用要求;其疲劳寿命值离散性较大,可用威布尔双参数分布模型较为准确地拟合,基于此分布模型建立了其疲劳寿命预估方程,可较好地预测试样不同存活概率下的疲劳寿命。

城镇生活污水配套管网建设管理的不足及对策初探

随着城镇化建设进程的不断加快,城镇生活污水配套管网对于城镇环境改善与城镇经济发展等方面的影响也越来越大,因此相关部门必须对城镇生活污水配套管网的建设与管理予以高度重视,加强城镇生活污水配套管网的施工质量控制。基于此,本文重点针对城镇生活污水配套管网建设管理中存在的不足及改进对策进行详细地分析,旨在提升城镇生活污水的处理质量,促进城镇社会经济的稳定发展。

建材工程中非金属矿废弃物的资源化利用策略

随着现代工业的快速发展,非金属矿废弃物的数量正在迅速增加,给环境带来了严重的负担,但非金属矿废弃物的内部隐藏着巨大的价值。因此,可通过分析非金属矿废弃物的资源化利用价值,以降低资源消耗,实现可持续发展。为此,将探讨在建材工程中非金属矿废弃物的资源化利用策略,通过分析非金属矿废弃物的物理和化学性质、资源化技术和应用领域,发现非金属矿废弃物可以有效地应用于建筑材料、陶瓷、玻璃和道路建设等领域,还可以作为土壤改良剂使用,正确的资源化利用策略将对环境和经济产生双重益处。