PBL-Sandwich混合教学模式在临床分子生物学检验技术实习教学中的应用

目的 探讨以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)-Sandwich混合教学模式在临床分子生物学检验技术实习教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2018-2019年进入该院分子生物学实验室实习的82例实习生作为研究对象。以2018年的42例实习生作为对照组,采用传统教学模式;以2019年的40例实习生作为试验组,采用PBL-Sandwich混合教学模式。实习结束后,采用理论考试、操作考核和问卷调查等形式评价实习生的教学效果。结果 试验组的理论考试成绩与操作考核成绩均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。共发放调查问卷82份,回收有效问卷80份,其中试验组39份,对照组41份,有效回收率为97.56%(80/82)。试验组在提高学习主动性、激发学习兴趣、增强师生间的交流和互动、提升分析解决临床实际问题能力和教学方法实施满意度方面均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PBL-Sandwich混合教学模式能有效激发实习生学习兴趣,培养实习生自主学习的主观能动性,提高分析、解决临床实际问题能力,教学质量得到提升。

Sandwich联合角色扮演教学法在住培医师医患沟通能力培训中的应用

目的 以腰椎穿刺术前谈话为例,探讨Sandwich联合角色扮演教学法在住院医师规范化培训(住培)学员医患沟通能力培训中的应用价值。方法 选取2019年3月至2023年1月在该院神经外科进行住培的40名学员,将其分为A、B组,每组20名。A组通过传统教学方法进行腰椎穿刺术前谈话的教学,B组运用Sandwich联合角色扮演教学法进行教学,在教学前、中、后期分别使用医患沟通技能评价量表对2组学员进行考评,最后对2组学员进行满意度问卷调查,对比2组教学效果及学员对教学的满意度。结果 2组学员在教学前测评得分均较低,在教学后测评较教学前均有提升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与A组比较,B组在教学中期测评得分明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组在教学后期测评得分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组住培学员的满意度高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Sandwich联合角色扮演教学法能快速提升学员的术前谈话沟通能力,也能提高学员的教学满意度,适合在相关教学活动中推广。

案例教学法联合Sandwich教学法在老年科教学中的应用

目的探讨案例教学法联合Sandwich教学法在老年科教学中的应用效果。方法选取2022年3月—2023年6月潍坊医学院附属医院的60名参加老年科教学的学生为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组,各30名。对照组行常规教学,观察组行案例教学法联合Sandwich教学法教学,比较两组教学效果。结果观察组各项模拟出科考试成绩高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组对实习教学效果的各项满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论案例教学法联合Sandwich教学法可提升老年科教学的效果,并提高学生对实习教学效果的满意度。

Sandwich教学法融入思政教育在超声诊断学中的应用

研究Sandwich教学法融入思政教育模式在超声诊断学教学中应用效果。方法 选择2022年11月-2023年11月在本院接受超声诊断学教学的学生40名,随机分组法分作试验组(Sandwich教学法融入思政教育模式)和对照组(传统教学模式),每组20名,分析不同教学模式的实施效果评价。结果 出科时,试验组考核成绩明显高于对照组,P<0.05;试验组综合能力和批判性思维能力均优于对照组,P<0.05。结论 超声诊断学教学中实施Sandwich教学法融入思政教育模式,可明显提升学生考核成绩、综合素质以及批判性思维能力,可以应用于超声诊断学教学。

Sandwich教学方法在非本专业医学本科生临床见习中的应用效果

目的:探讨Sandwich教学方法应用于非麻醉专业本科生在麻醉临床见习中的应用效果。方法:本研究选择2021年4月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院参与临床麻醉学见习的51名本科护理学专业学生作为观察对象,根据随机表随机分为对照组(n=26)和试验组(n=25)。其中对照组采用常规的见习教学方法,而试验组采用Sandwich教学方法,最后两组采用理论知识试卷和满意度调查表进行教学效果和教师满意度评价。结果:理论知识掌握方面,试验组和对照组的平均得分分别是(81.80±5.02)分与(66.56±5.13)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);对见习带教老师满意度方面,试验组显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Sandwich教学方法不仅有利于见习生掌握教学大纲内容,而且还有利于提高学生对带教老师的满意度。

Mechanical Performance of Bio-inspired Bidirectional Corrugated Sandwich Pressure Shell Under External Hydrostatic Pressure

This paper aims to enhance the compression capacity of underwater cylindrical shells by adopting the corrugated sandwich structure of cuttlebone.The cuttlebone suffers uniaxial external compression,while underwater cylindrical shells are in a biaxial compressive stress state.To suit the biaxial compressive stress state,a novel bidirectional corrugated sandwich structure is proposed to improve the bearing capacity of cylindrical shells.The static and buckling analysis for the sandwich shell and the unstiffened cylindrical shell with the same volume-weight ratio are studied by numerical simulation.It is indicated that the proposed sandwich shell can effectively reduce the ratio between circumferential and axial stress from 2 to 1.25 and improve the critical buckling load by about 1.63 times.Numerical simulation shows that optimizing and adjusting the structural parameters could significantly improve the advantage of the sandwich shell.Then,the hydrostatic pressure tests for shell models fabricated by 3D printing are carried out.According to the experimental results,the overall failure position of the sandwich shell is at the center part of the sandwich shell.It has been found the average critical load of the proposed sandwich shell models exceeds two times that of the unstiffened shell models.Hence,the proposed bio-inspired bidirectional corrugated sandwich structure can significantly enhance the pressure resistance capability of cylindrical shells.

含根量对SANDWICH形加筋土界面剪切强度影响--以红叶石楠为例

SANDWICH形加筋土是一种采用粘土夹砂层以及土工格栅而形成的混合填料形式的加筋土结构。采用一系列直接剪切试验研究含根量、竖向应力等因素对筋土界面强度的影响。试验证明,根系的加入对SANDWICH形加筋土界面最大剪应力有所提升且随着竖向应力的增大,土体抗剪强度增幅大。随着粘土中含根量的增加,筋土界面最大剪应力在不同竖向应力作用下出现先增后减的趋势。根据试验数据,利用拟合软件提出了评价筋土界面剪切强度的经验公式,得出理论上含根量的最优值为4.2%。并通过试验验证了拟合公式的有效性和正确性。

基于岗位胜任力的WebQuest联合Sandwich教学法在超声医学本科教学的探索

超声医学是一门理论性和实践性较强的综合性学科,对从业人员的专业知识和操作技能均有较高要求。传统超声医学本科教育存在教师单方面授课无法激发学生学习兴趣以及学生实践时间严重不足等问题,超声医学专业人才岗位胜任力的培养存在一定难度。本文基于超声医学本科教学的实际情况,探讨以岗位胜任力为导向的WebQuest联合Sandwich教学法在超声医学专业本科教育体系中的应用前景。

Combining video and GPS-tracking to study the spatial foraging distribution of a single-prey loading seabird

Seabirds are valuable indicators of marine ecosystem processes and studying seabird diets can shed light on natural or human-induced variability in food-web composition.Specifically single-prey loading seabird species such as terns have the potential to act as visual sentinels of prey availability offshore.However,obtaining diet information from remote bird colonies is often challenging and time consuming.In this pilot study we present a novel approach to combine two established methods to study seabird foraging ecology,providing a powerful and cost-effective tool to study the distribution of prey items available to seabirds.We combined GPS tracking data of Sandwich Terns(Thalasseus sandvicensis)with prey-observations from a hide in 2012 and 2013,and from semicontinuously recorded camera footage in 2017.By doing so,we identified 115 approximate catch locations of prey(86 herring/sprat Clupeidae,29 sandeel Ammodytidae).Combining GPS-data and prey observations yielded detailed knowledge on the movements and chick diets of tracked birds as well as the spatial origin and lengths of captured prey items.Further catch distances of both Clupeidae and Ammodytidae resulted in deliveries of larger prey items and thus higher energy yield per trip,but also a higher energy expenditure per trip.We discuss the limitations and potential of our methodological approach to study foraging energetics during chick-provisioning of seabirds that carry prey items visible in their beaks.

Sandwich structures with tapered tubes as core:A quasi-static investigation

In this article,the experimental and finite element analysis is utilized to investigate the quasi-static compression features of sandwich constructions built with tapered tubes.3D printing technology was utilized to create the hollow centers of the tapering tubes,with and without corrugations.The results demonstrate that the energy absorption(EA)and specific energy absorption(SEA)of the single corrugated tapered tube sandwich are 51.6% and 19.8% higher,respectively,than those of the conical tube sandwich.Furthermore,the results demonstrate that energy absorbers can benefit from corrugation in order to increase their efficiency.Additionally,the tapered corrugated tubes'resistance to oblique impacts was studied.Compared to a straight tube,the tapered tube is more resistant to oblique loads and has a lower initial peak crushing force(PCF),according to numerical simulations.After conducting a parametric study,it was discovered that the energy absorption performance of the sandwich construction is significantly affected by the amplitude,number of corrugations,and wall thickness.EA and SEA of DTS with corrugation number of 8 increased by 17.4%and 29.6%,respectively,while PCF decreased by 9.2% compared to DTS with corrugation number of 10.

Dynamic Resistance and Energy Absorption of Sandwich Beam via a Micro-Topology Optimization

The current research of sandwich structures under dynamic loading mainly focus on the response characteristic of structure.The micro-topology of core layers would sufficiently influence the property of sandwich structure.However,the micro deformation and topology mechanism of structural deformation and energy absorption are unclear.In this paper,based on the bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization method and periodic base cell(PBC)technology,a topology optimization frame work is proposed to optimize the core layer of sandwich beams.The objective of the present optimization problem is to maximize shear stiffness of PBC with a volume constraint.The effects of the volume fraction,filter radius,and initial PBC aspect ratio on the micro-topology of the core were discussed.The dynamic response process,core compression,and energy absorption capacity of the sandwich beams under blast impact loading were analyzed by the finite element method.The results demonstrated that the overpressure action stage was coupled with the core compression stage.Under the same loading and mass per unit area,the sandwich beam with a 20%volume fraction core layer had the best blast resistance.The filter radius has a slight effect on the shear stiffness and blast resistances of the sandwich beams.But increasing the filter radius could slightly improve the bending stiffness.Upon changing the initial PBC aspect ratio,there are three ways for PBC evolution:The first is to change the angle between the adjacent bars,the second is to further form holes in the bars,and the third is to combine the first two ways.However,not all three ways can improve the energy absorption capacity of the structure.Changing the aspect ratio of the PBC arbitrarily may lead to worse results.More studies are necessary for further detailed optimization.This research proposes a new topology sandwich beam structure by micro-topology optimization,which has sufficient shear stiffness.The micro mechanism of structural energy absorption is clarified,it is significant for structural energy absorption design.

Nonlinear vibration of Timoshenko FG porous sandwich beams subjected to a harmonic axial load

In this study,the instability and bifurcation diagrams of a functionally graded(FG)porous sandwich beam on an elastic,viscous foundation which is influenced by an axial load,are investigated with an analytical attitude.To do so,the Timoshenko beam theory is utilized to take the shear deformations into account,and the nonlinear Von-Karman approach is adopted to acquire the equations of motion.Then,to turn the partial differential equations(PDEs)into ordinary differential equations(ODEs)in the case of equations of motion,the method of Galerkin is employed,followed by the multiple time scale method to solve the resulting equations.The impact of parameters affecting the response of the beam,including the porosity distribution,porosity coefficient,temperature increments,slenderness,thickness,and damping ratios,are explicitly discussed.It is found that the parameters mentioned above affect the bifurcation points and instability of the sandwich porous beams,some of which,including the effect of temperature and porosity distribution,are less noticeable.

Experimental study of 3D printed carbon fibre sandwich structures for lightweight applications

Honeycomb sandwich structures are widely used in lightweight applications.Usually,these structures are subjected to extreme loading conditions,leading to potential failures due to delamination and debonding between the face sheet and the honeycomb core.Therefore,the present study is focused on the mechanical characterisation of honeycomb sandwich structures fabricated using advanced 3D printing technology.The continuous carbon fibres and ONYX-FR matrix materials have been used as raw materials for 3D printing of the specimens needed for various mechanical characterization testing;ONYX-FR is a commercial trade name for flame retardant short carbon fibre filled nylon filaments,used as a reinforcing material in Morkforged 3D printer.Edgewise and flatwise compression tests have been conducted for different configurations of honeycomb sandwich structures,fabricated by varying the face sheet thickness and core cell size,while keeping the core cell thickness and core height constant.Based on these tests,the proposed structure with face sheet thickness of 3.2 mm and a core cell size of 12.7 mm exhibited the highest energy absorption and prevented delamination and debonding failures.Therefore,3D printing technology can also be considered as an alternative method for sandwich structure fabrication.However,detailed parametric studies still need to be conducted to meet various other structural integrity criteria related to the lightweight applications.

Phonon Thermal Transport at Interfaces of a Graphene/Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Sandwiched Heterostructure

Molecular dynamics simulation is used to calculate the interfacial thermal resistance of a graphene/carbon nanotubes/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/CNTs/hBN)sandwiched heterostructure,in which vertically aligned carbon nanotube(VACNT)arrays are covalently bonded to graphene and hexagonal boron nitride layers.We find that the interfacial thermal resistance(ITR)of the Gr/VACNT/hBN sandwiched heterostructure is one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the ITR of a Gr/hBN van der Waals heterostructure with the same plane size.It is observed that covalent bonding effectively enhances the phonon coupling between Gr and hBN layers,resulting in an increase in the overlap factor of phonon density of states between Gr and hBN,thus reducing the ITR of Gr and hBN.In addition,the chirality,size(diameter and length),and packing density of sandwich-layer VACNTs have an important influence on the ITR of the heterostructure.Under the same CNT diameter and length,the ITR of the sandwiched heterostructure with armchair-shaped VACNTs is higher than that of the sandwiched heterostructure with zigzag-shaped VACNTs due to the different chemical bonding of chiral CNTs with Gr and hBN.When the armchair-shaped CNT diameter increases or the length decreases,the ITR of the sandwiched heterostructure tends to decrease.Moreover,the increase in the VACNT packing density also leads to a continuous decrease in the ITR of the sandwiched heterostructure,attributed to the extremely high intrinsic thermal conductivity of CNTs and the increase of out-of-plane heat transfer channels.This work may be helpful for understanding the mechanism for ITR in multilayer vertical heterostructures,and provides theoretical guidance for a new strategy to regulate the interlayer thermal resistance of heterostructures by optimizing the design of sandwich layer thermal interface materials.

非k积态基于Sandwiched Renyi相对熵的关联测度

在量子信息理论中,Sandwiched Renyi相对熵具有极其重要的应用价值。该研究给出多体复合系统非k积态基于Sandwiched Renyi相对熵的关联测度,同时证明了其满足量子关联度的一些必要性质,包括非负性,酉不变性,在完全正的保迹线性映射下的单调性,联合凸性以及在非相干辅助子系统影响下的不变性。

Sandwich probe temperature sensor based on In_(2)O_(3)-IZO thin film for ultra-high temperatures

High-temperature thin-film thermocouples(TFTCs)have attracted significant attention in the aerospace and steel metallurgy industry.However,previous studies on TFTCs have primarily focused on the two-dimensional planar-type,whose thermal sensitive area has to be perpendicular to the test environment,and therefore affects the thermal fluids pattern or loses accuracy.In order to address this problem,recent studies have developed three-dimensional probe-type TFTCs,which can be set parallel to the test environment.Nevertheless,the probe-type TFTCs are limited by their measurement threshold and poor stability at high temperatures.To address these issues,in this study,we propose a novel probe-type TFTC with a sandwich structure.The sensitive layer is compounded with indium oxide doped zinc oxide and fabricated using screen-printing technology.With the protection of sandwich structure on electrode film,the sensor demonstrates robust high-temperature stability,enabling continuous working at 1200℃ above 5 h with a low drift rate of 2.3℃·h^(−1).This sensor exhibits a high repeatability of 99.3% when measuring a wide range of temperatures,which is beyond the most existing probe-type TFTCs reported in the literature.With its excellent high-temperature performance,this temperature sensor holds immense potentials for enhancing equipment safety in the aerospace engineering and ensuring product quality in the steel metallurgy industry.

Double casing warhead with sandwiched charge:The axial distribution of fragments velocities

The double casing warhead with sandwiched charge is a novel fragmentation warhead that can produce two groups of fragments with different velocity,and the previous work has presented a calculation formula to determine the maximum fragment velocity.The current work builds on the published formula to further develop a formula for calculating the axial distribution characteristics of the fragment velocity.For this type of warhead,the simulation of the dispersion characteristics of the detonation products at different positions shows that the detonation products at the ends have a much larger axial velocity than those in the middle,and the detonation products have a greater axial dispersion velocity when they are closer to the central axis.The loading process and the fragment velocity vary with the axial position for both casing layers,and the total velocity of the fragments is the vector sum of the radial velocity and the axial velocity.At the same axial position,the acceleration time of the inner casing is greater than that of the outer casing.For the same casing,the fragments generated at the ends have a longer acceleration time than the fragments from the middle.The proposed formula is validated with the X-ray radiography results of the four warheads previously tested experimentally and the 3D smoothedparticle hydrodynamics numerical simulation results of several series of new warheads with different configurations.The formula can accurately and reliably calculate the fragment velocity when the lengthto-diameter ratio of the charge is greater than 1.5 and the thickness of the casing is less than 20%its inner radius.This work thus provides a key reference for the theoretical analysis and the design of warheads with multiple casings.

Energy dissipation mechanism and ballistic characteristic optimization in foam sandwich panels against spherical projectile impact

This study systematically examines the energy dissipation mechanisms and ballistic characteristics of foam sandwich panels(FSP)under high-velocity impact using the explicit non-linear finite element method.Based on the geometric topology of the FSP system,three FSP configurations with the same areal density are derived,namely multi-layer,gradient core and asymmetric face sheet,and three key structural parameters are identified:core thickness(t_(c)),face sheet thickness(t_(f))and overlap face/core number(n_(o)).The ballistic performance of the FSP system is comprehensively evaluated in terms of the ballistic limit velocity(BLV),deformation modes,energy dissipation mechanism,and specific penetration energy(SPE).The results show that the FSP system exhibits a significant configuration dependence,whose ballistic performance ranking is:asymmetric face sheet>gradient core>multi-layer.The mass distribution of the top and bottom face sheets plays a critical role in the ballistic resistance of the FSP system.Both BLV and SPE increase with tf,while the raising tcor noleads to an increase in BLV but a decrease in SPE.Further,a face-core synchronous enhancement mechanism is discovered by the energy dissipation analysis,based on which the ballistic optimization procedure is also conducted and a design chart is established.This study shed light on the anti-penetration mechanism of the FSP system and might provide a theoretical basis for its engineering application.

Mechanical property of cylindrical sandwich shell with gradient core of entangled wire mesh

To explore the wide-frequency damping and vibration-attenuation performances in the application of aerospace components,the cylindrical sandwich shell structure with a gradient core of entangled wire mesh was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the gradient cores of entangled wire mesh in the axial and radial directions were prepared by using an in-house Numerical Control weaving machine,and the metallurgical connection between skin sheets and the gradient core was performed using vacuum brazing.Secondly,to investigate the mechanical properties of cylindrical sandwich shells with axial or radial gradient cores,quasi-static and dynamic mechanical experiments were carried out.The primary evaluations of mechanical properties include secant stiffness,natural frequency,Specific Energy Absorption(SEA),vibration acceleration level,and so on.The results suggest that the vibration-attenuation performance of the sandwich shell is remarkable when the high-density core layer is at the end of the shell or abuts the inner skin.The axial gradient material has almost no influence on the vibration frequencies of the shell,whereas the vibration frequencies increase dramatically when the high-density core layer approaches the skin.Moreover,compared to the conventional sandwich shells,the proposed functional grading cylindrical sandwich shell exhibits more potential in mass reduction,stiffness designing,and energy dissipation.

Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research Reactor.Via Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic requirements.Composite materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated polyethylene.Special-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation leakage.Our work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be achieved.This enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the sample.This shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in China.Following its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.