采用组织块分离法首次从药用植物地黄中分离出一株产红色素内生真菌RJL03,根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析的手段鉴定为Monascus sanguineus。采用响应面法(RSM)对菌株RJL03中红色素提取工艺条件进行研究。在单因素实验...采用组织块分离法首次从药用植物地黄中分离出一株产红色素内生真菌RJL03,根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析的手段鉴定为Monascus sanguineus。采用响应面法(RSM)对菌株RJL03中红色素提取工艺条件进行研究。在单因素实验的基础上,以提取液OD值为指标,利用Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理(BBD)优化菌株中红色素的有机溶剂超声波辅助浸提(UAE)工艺。结果显示,该色素提取液在515 nm处有最大吸收波长,最佳提取工艺为温度70℃、提取时间34 min、乙醇浓度50%。在此条件下提取菌株中的红色素,得到的提取液OD值为2.587,可比优化前提高约1.5倍。展开更多
Objective:To determine tick infestation of domestic ruminants and their infection to ovine theileriosis in northern Iran.Methods:About 425 domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr city in northern Iran were inspected for tick...Objective:To determine tick infestation of domestic ruminants and their infection to ovine theileriosis in northern Iran.Methods:About 425 domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr city in northern Iran were inspected for tick infestations.Twenty tick specimens(13 females and 7 males) of Rhipicephalus sanguineus(R.sanguineus).the most common lick in the study area, were tested by PCR amplification against 18s rRNA genome of Theileria spp using specie specific primers and then the PCR products were sequenced for species identification In comparison with data base available in GenBank.Results:About 323 ticks were collected from 102 animals(88 sheep,12 goats and 2 cattle).The prevalence of ticks infesting animals was R.sanguineus(82.35%), Rhipieeplialus bursa(R.bursa)(0.3%),Ixodes ricinus(I.ricinus)(15.2%),Boophilus annulatus (B.annulalus)(1.2%).Haemaphxsalis punctata(H.punctata)(0.3%) and Haemaphysalis numidiana(H.numidianu)(0.6%).Eleven(55%) tick specimens were PCR positive against genome of Theileria ovis(T.avis).Sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed presence of T. oris in one R.sanguinus.Conclusions:This is the first report of tick infection to T.oris in Iran. Due to dominant prevalence of R.sanguineus as well as its infection to T.oris,it is postulated this tick is the main vector of ovine theileriosis in northern Iran.展开更多
Tibet is one of the core distribution areas of the Chinese endemic plant Euonymus sanguineus,but the population decline is obvious. In order to protect and develop the plant resources in Tibet rationally,the ecologica...Tibet is one of the core distribution areas of the Chinese endemic plant Euonymus sanguineus,but the population decline is obvious. In order to protect and develop the plant resources in Tibet rationally,the ecological environment and growth conditions in Milin County,Nyingchi City,Tibet were investigated by means of sampling method in order to provide the theoretical basis for the protection,introduction,breeding and cultivation of E. sanguineus. The results were as follows:( i) The population quantity of E. sanguineus was too small and the survival area was too small,which seriously affected the interspecific mating,seed development and regeneration,and greatly reduced the genetic diversity within the population;( ii) The dry and hot river valley climate and human and animal activities inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of E. sanguineus,resulting in very low survival rate of seedlings,and hindering the population expansion of E. sanguineus;( iii) The distribution area is located in the Yarlung Tsangpo river valley,and the natural habitat fragmentation has affected the interspecific gene exchange,resulting in the low seed bearing capacity and germination rate of E. sanguineus,which is the direct cause of the population decline of E. sanguineus;( iv) The litterfall of E. sanguineus had autotoxicity,which inhibited the growth of seedlings under the forest,caused slow natural regeneration of the population,and then caused the population of E. sanguineus to be unable to spread and develop.展开更多
The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus lato sensu) is the tick that most affects dogs worldwide and is therefore the main blood pathogen vector in dogs. The efficacy of afoxolaner 2.7 to 7.1 mg/kg NexGard<sup...The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus lato sensu) is the tick that most affects dogs worldwide and is therefore the main blood pathogen vector in dogs. The efficacy of afoxolaner 2.7 to 7.1 mg/kg NexGard<sup>®</sup> (group A) and afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime 2.5 to 5.4 mg/kg and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/kg respectively NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup> (Group B) against R. sanguineus, was evaluated in naturally infected sheltered dogs under high challenging conditions in four different areas of Colombia (Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander, and Meta). Tick counts (alive, dead, attached, and unattached) were performed on treated dogs, the average was calculated for the different areas to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment at six different times post-treatment (24 h, 48 h, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 30 d). None of the dogs showed adverse events related to the treatments. The average tick number pre-treatment was 68 in group A and 78.3 for group B indicating a strong natural infection of the dogs and their environment. Efficacy after 24 h against R. sanguineus was always above 90% with ≥97.4% for NexGard<sup>®</sup> and ≥93.7% for NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup>. Consistent results were observed along all the observation periods with final efficacies (day 30) of ≥99.8% and 98.3% for NexGard<sup>®</sup> and NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup>, respectively. In conclusion, both NexGard<sup>®</sup> and Nexgard Spectra<sup>®</sup> provided a curative effect and sustained efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus for at least 30 days in highly contaminated shelter environments.展开更多
The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) ...The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs exposed to bi-weekly water showering. Twenty four (24) dogs were enrolled in the study. A first set of 16 dogs were acclimatised to their cages from Day 1 to 7 and a second set of 8 dogs from Day 163 to Day 169. The 24 dogs were randomly allocated to three groups (1 to 3). Dogs assigned to Group 1 were not treated and served as negative controls. Dogs assigned to Group 2 received the Seresto? collar on Day 0 and dogs in Group 3 received Frontline Tri-Act? on Days 170 and 198. The dogs were observed hourly for four hours after treatment administration for possible adverse reactions. Dogs in Groups 1 and 2 underwent water showering on Days 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 143 and 157. Dogs in all groups underwent water showering on Days 173, 185, 199 and 213. Dogs were infested with approximately 100 (±4) adult, unfed C. felis fleas only on Days 177, 190, 203, and 217, in alternance with infestations with 50 adult unfed R. sanguineus on Days 182, 196, 210, and 224, to assess sustained efficacy. Fleas and ticks were removed and counted on 24 and 48 hours ± 2 hours after each infestation, respectively. Frontline Tri-Act? was >99% effective against C. felis following an initial and a second monthly administration on dogs that were water showered bi-weekly. The Seresto? collar was from 68.3% to 92.9% effective against C. felis Days 178 to 218 after collar administration. Frontline Tri-Act? was effective from 87.8% to 100% against ticks whereas Seresto collar was effective from 82.2% to 94.2% from Day 184 to Day 226.展开更多
The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of ...The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to49.76% in the first four days and its stabilization at(51.26 ± 0.08)% in the following days of BDE-47 incubation were observed. The presence of Cu2+ at 1 and 2 mg/L was found to promote the degradation rate to 56.41% and 60.79%, respectively, whereas higher level of Cu2+(≥ 5 mg/L) inhibited the removal of BDE-47. The similar concentration effects of Cu2+ was also found on contents of fungal protein and amounts of metabolites. Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes played certain roles in BDE-47 transportation with the best degradation rate at 27.90% and 27.67% on the fourth and third day, individually. During the degradation of BDE-47, four types of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs), i.e., 6′-OH-BDE-47, 5′-OH-BDE-47, 4′-OH-BDE-17, 2′-OH-BDE-28, and two bromophenols, i.e., 2,4-DBP and 4-BP were detected and considered as degradation products. These metabolites were further removed by P. sanguineus at rates of 22.42%,23.01%, 27.04%, 27.96%, 64.21%, and 40.62%, respectively.展开更多
A detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus,as well as its possible sponge-prey Acanthella cavernosa,led to the isolation of fifteen new nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids,nam...A detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus,as well as its possible sponge-prey Acanthella cavernosa,led to the isolation of fifteen new nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids,namely ximaocavernosins A-0,including seven cadinanes(1-7),seven spiroaxanes(12-18)and one aromadendrane(19),together with thirteen known related compounds(8-11 and 20-28).展开更多
GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasma...GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.展开更多
Have you ever wondered what happened to that old cell phone you threw out last month?How about the 150 million other cell phones that were also disposed of in the past year?Although the world population has doubled in...Have you ever wondered what happened to that old cell phone you threw out last month?How about the 150 million other cell phones that were also disposed of in the past year?Although the world population has doubled in the past 50 years,global consumption of electronic devices has increased six fold(Belkhir and Elmeligi,2018)with nearly 45 million tonnes of electronic waste(e-waste)being produced in 2016 alone(Balde et al.,2017).That equates to 6.1 kg of e-waste per person across the globe and is equivalent in weight to over four thousand Eiffel towers(Balde et al.,2017)!展开更多
基金supported by Tehran Universitv of Medical Sciences
文摘Objective:To determine tick infestation of domestic ruminants and their infection to ovine theileriosis in northern Iran.Methods:About 425 domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr city in northern Iran were inspected for tick infestations.Twenty tick specimens(13 females and 7 males) of Rhipicephalus sanguineus(R.sanguineus).the most common lick in the study area, were tested by PCR amplification against 18s rRNA genome of Theileria spp using specie specific primers and then the PCR products were sequenced for species identification In comparison with data base available in GenBank.Results:About 323 ticks were collected from 102 animals(88 sheep,12 goats and 2 cattle).The prevalence of ticks infesting animals was R.sanguineus(82.35%), Rhipieeplialus bursa(R.bursa)(0.3%),Ixodes ricinus(I.ricinus)(15.2%),Boophilus annulatus (B.annulalus)(1.2%).Haemaphxsalis punctata(H.punctata)(0.3%) and Haemaphysalis numidiana(H.numidianu)(0.6%).Eleven(55%) tick specimens were PCR positive against genome of Theileria ovis(T.avis).Sequence analysis of the PCR products confirmed presence of T. oris in one R.sanguinus.Conclusions:This is the first report of tick infection to T.oris in Iran. Due to dominant prevalence of R.sanguineus as well as its infection to T.oris,it is postulated this tick is the main vector of ovine theileriosis in northern Iran.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Project of Tibet Autonomous RegionTibet Graduate Student Innovation Program(YJS2017-14)
文摘Tibet is one of the core distribution areas of the Chinese endemic plant Euonymus sanguineus,but the population decline is obvious. In order to protect and develop the plant resources in Tibet rationally,the ecological environment and growth conditions in Milin County,Nyingchi City,Tibet were investigated by means of sampling method in order to provide the theoretical basis for the protection,introduction,breeding and cultivation of E. sanguineus. The results were as follows:( i) The population quantity of E. sanguineus was too small and the survival area was too small,which seriously affected the interspecific mating,seed development and regeneration,and greatly reduced the genetic diversity within the population;( ii) The dry and hot river valley climate and human and animal activities inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of E. sanguineus,resulting in very low survival rate of seedlings,and hindering the population expansion of E. sanguineus;( iii) The distribution area is located in the Yarlung Tsangpo river valley,and the natural habitat fragmentation has affected the interspecific gene exchange,resulting in the low seed bearing capacity and germination rate of E. sanguineus,which is the direct cause of the population decline of E. sanguineus;( iv) The litterfall of E. sanguineus had autotoxicity,which inhibited the growth of seedlings under the forest,caused slow natural regeneration of the population,and then caused the population of E. sanguineus to be unable to spread and develop.
文摘The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus lato sensu) is the tick that most affects dogs worldwide and is therefore the main blood pathogen vector in dogs. The efficacy of afoxolaner 2.7 to 7.1 mg/kg NexGard<sup>®</sup> (group A) and afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime 2.5 to 5.4 mg/kg and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/kg respectively NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup> (Group B) against R. sanguineus, was evaluated in naturally infected sheltered dogs under high challenging conditions in four different areas of Colombia (Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander, and Meta). Tick counts (alive, dead, attached, and unattached) were performed on treated dogs, the average was calculated for the different areas to evaluate the efficacy of each treatment at six different times post-treatment (24 h, 48 h, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, 30 d). None of the dogs showed adverse events related to the treatments. The average tick number pre-treatment was 68 in group A and 78.3 for group B indicating a strong natural infection of the dogs and their environment. Efficacy after 24 h against R. sanguineus was always above 90% with ≥97.4% for NexGard<sup>®</sup> and ≥93.7% for NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup>. Consistent results were observed along all the observation periods with final efficacies (day 30) of ≥99.8% and 98.3% for NexGard<sup>®</sup> and NexGard Spectra<sup>®</sup>, respectively. In conclusion, both NexGard<sup>®</sup> and Nexgard Spectra<sup>®</sup> provided a curative effect and sustained efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus for at least 30 days in highly contaminated shelter environments.
文摘The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of one topical insecticide-acaricide (Frontline Tri-Act?) and of one collar (Seresto?) against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs exposed to bi-weekly water showering. Twenty four (24) dogs were enrolled in the study. A first set of 16 dogs were acclimatised to their cages from Day 1 to 7 and a second set of 8 dogs from Day 163 to Day 169. The 24 dogs were randomly allocated to three groups (1 to 3). Dogs assigned to Group 1 were not treated and served as negative controls. Dogs assigned to Group 2 received the Seresto? collar on Day 0 and dogs in Group 3 received Frontline Tri-Act? on Days 170 and 198. The dogs were observed hourly for four hours after treatment administration for possible adverse reactions. Dogs in Groups 1 and 2 underwent water showering on Days 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 143 and 157. Dogs in all groups underwent water showering on Days 173, 185, 199 and 213. Dogs were infested with approximately 100 (±4) adult, unfed C. felis fleas only on Days 177, 190, 203, and 217, in alternance with infestations with 50 adult unfed R. sanguineus on Days 182, 196, 210, and 224, to assess sustained efficacy. Fleas and ticks were removed and counted on 24 and 48 hours ± 2 hours after each infestation, respectively. Frontline Tri-Act? was >99% effective against C. felis following an initial and a second monthly administration on dogs that were water showered bi-weekly. The Seresto? collar was from 68.3% to 92.9% effective against C. felis Days 178 to 218 after collar administration. Frontline Tri-Act? was effective from 87.8% to 100% against ticks whereas Seresto collar was effective from 82.2% to 94.2% from Day 184 to Day 226.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1501234,41673091,41573091)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1802800)
文摘The degradation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) by Pycnoporus sanguineus was investigated in order to explore the impact of the heavy metal Cu2+ on BDE-47 decomposition and the subsequent formation of metabolites, as well as to further elucidate the degradation mechanism of BDE-47. An increase in degradation rate from 18.63% to49.76% in the first four days and its stabilization at(51.26 ± 0.08)% in the following days of BDE-47 incubation were observed. The presence of Cu2+ at 1 and 2 mg/L was found to promote the degradation rate to 56.41% and 60.79%, respectively, whereas higher level of Cu2+(≥ 5 mg/L) inhibited the removal of BDE-47. The similar concentration effects of Cu2+ was also found on contents of fungal protein and amounts of metabolites. Both intracellular and extracellular enzymes played certain roles in BDE-47 transportation with the best degradation rate at 27.90% and 27.67% on the fourth and third day, individually. During the degradation of BDE-47, four types of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs), i.e., 6′-OH-BDE-47, 5′-OH-BDE-47, 4′-OH-BDE-17, 2′-OH-BDE-28, and two bromophenols, i.e., 2,4-DBP and 4-BP were detected and considered as degradation products. These metabolites were further removed by P. sanguineus at rates of 22.42%,23.01%, 27.04%, 27.96%, 64.21%, and 40.62%, respectively.
基金This research work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81991521,82022069,42076099)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.20QA1411100)+1 种基金"Youth Innovation Promotion Association"of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y202065)the SKLDR/SIMM Project(No.SIMM2103ZZ-06).
文摘A detailed chemical investigation of the South China Sea nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus,as well as its possible sponge-prey Acanthella cavernosa,led to the isolation of fifteen new nitrogenous sesquiterpenoids,namely ximaocavernosins A-0,including seven cadinanes(1-7),seven spiroaxanes(12-18)and one aromadendrane(19),together with thirteen known related compounds(8-11 and 20-28).
文摘GAVAC (Heber Biotec S.A, Havana, Cuba) is a commercially available vaccine developed with the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 recombinant antigen. Bm86 is a “concealed” antigen that is present in the plasmatic membrane of tick gut epithelial cells with unknown function so far. It is well known that after vaccination in the last fifteen years in Cuba, there was a significant decrease of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) and anaplasmosis (Anaplasma marginale) in cattle. A reduced transmission capacity of ticks fed on tick-immune animals and humans has been reported for several tick-borne pathogens. Recent experiments have demonstrated that an anti-tick vaccine may contribute to the control of tick-borne pathogens not only by decreasing the exposure of susceptible hosts to ticks, but also by reducing the vector capacity of ticks. In this study, the potential of Bm86 vaccination to interfere with pathogen transmission among ticks was evaluated by using as experimental model the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and the tickborne Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis pathogens. Dogs, vaccinated and not vaccinated, were infested with pathogen-infected ticks and noninfected nymphs of R. sanguineus. After feeding, the pathogen transmission to newly molted adults from co-feeding uninfected nymphs was studied by conventional PCR and qPCR. Results suggest that the anti-Bm86 antibodies could be able to block the transmission of B. canis and/or E. canis from infected to non-infected ticks.
基金Alberta Health,Alberta Innovates,the Canadian Institutes of Health Researchthe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21520102009,21836003 and 21621005)for their support
文摘Have you ever wondered what happened to that old cell phone you threw out last month?How about the 150 million other cell phones that were also disposed of in the past year?Although the world population has doubled in the past 50 years,global consumption of electronic devices has increased six fold(Belkhir and Elmeligi,2018)with nearly 45 million tonnes of electronic waste(e-waste)being produced in 2016 alone(Balde et al.,2017).That equates to 6.1 kg of e-waste per person across the globe and is equivalent in weight to over four thousand Eiffel towers(Balde et al.,2017)!