The three-layer model of the thermohaline structure in the shallow seas

A three-layer model of the thermohaline structure is developed on the basis of the two -layer model of thermocline. The model is able to simulate the depth,thickness and intensity of both thermocline and halocline, and the temperature and salinity of both upper layer and lower layer in the shallow seas.Camparison of simulation with data is favorable.Detailed analysis is made on a variety of factors affecting the intensity of the thermocline.

A three-layer model for the thermal structure in the Huanghai Sea

A one-dimentional three-layer model for the thermal structure in the Huanghai Sea is presented in this study, me model consists of the upper mixed layer caused by heating and wind mixing, the lower mixed layer driven by tidal mixing, and the thermocline with certain thickness. The entrainment velocities of the upper and lower layers are obtained respectively. The results show that the model is capable of describing the development and decline processes of the seasonal thermocline in the Huanghai Sea, simulating successfully the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the nearshore front and surface cold water off North Jiangsu and explaining reasonably their formation mechanisms as well as the strong thermocline off Qingdao. It is suggested that the tidal mixing plays key role in the formation of the nearshore front off North Jiangsu and the strong thermocline off Qingdao. The wind mixing and the tidal mixing make the lower layer water with high nutrients go up to the upper layer. This physical process may be significant for biological plant production.

A Model for the Sounding Rocket Measurement on an Ionospheric E-F Valley at the Hainan Low Latitude Station

To understand the physics of an ionospheric E-F valley, a new overlapping three- Chapman-layer model is developed to interpret the sounding rocket measurement in the morn- ing （sunrise） on May 7, 2011 at the Hainan low latitude ionospheric observation station （19.5°N, 109.1°E）. From our model, the valley width, depth and height are 43.0 km, 62.9% and 121.0 km, re- spectively. From the sounding rocket observation, the valley width, depth and height are 42.2 km, 47.0% and 123.5 km, respectively. The model results are well consistent with the sounding rocket observation. The observed E-F valley at Hainan station is very wide and deep, and rapid deel- opment of the photochemical process in the ionosphere should be the underlying reason.

Neuroid BP-type Model Applied to the Study of Monthly Rainfall Forecasting

A neuroid BP-type three-layer mapping model is used for monthly rainfall forecasting in terms of 1946-1985Naming monthly precipitation records as basic sequences and the model has the form i×j=8×3, K=1; by steadilymodifying the weighing coefficient, long-range monthly forecasts for January to December, 1986 are constructed and1986 month-to-month predictions are made based on, say, the January measurement for February rainfall and soon, with mean absolute error reaching 6,07 and 5,73 mm, respectively. Also, with a different monthly initial value forJune through September, 1994, neuroid forecasting is done,indicating the same result of the drought in Naming during the summer, an outcome that is in sharp agreement with the observation.

Preliminary Evaluation of a Model for Stratiform Cloud Microphysical Structure by Observation and Simulation

The microphysical "three-layer" model for stratiform clouds over a midlatitude location in Northwest China is investigated by combining in situ airborne Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. (PMS), radar measurements, and the NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) simulation with a two-moment microphysics scheme. The coexistence of measured supercooled liquid water and small ice particles produces snow particles below the cloud top in the second layer. Peak number concentration and mean diameter of cloud water and raindrop appear in the third warm layer. A thin dry layer just below the melting layer is also observed. The predicted precipitation is tested by equitable threat score. The melting layer is clearly defined in the radar image and model radar reflectivity output is agreement with the observations. The model results provide features of the microphysical structure for every layer of "three-layer" model at Yan'an station. For both observation and model simulation, the "three-layer" model explains the stratiform precipitation formation completely and comprehensively.

引入强分层近似对含密度跃层情况下的大幅内孤立波计算误差研究

At present,studies on large-amplitude internal solitary waves mostly adopt strong stratification models,such as the twoand three-layer Miyata–Choi–Camassa(MCC)internal wave models,which omit the pycnocline or treat it as another fluid layer with a constant density.Because the pycnocline exists in real oceans and cannot be omitted sometimes,the computational error of a large-amplitude internal solitary wave within the pycnocline introduced by the strong stratification approximation is unclear.In this study,the two-and three-layer MCC internal wave models are used to calculate the wave profile and wave speed of large-amplitude internal solitary waves.By comparing these results with the results provided by the Dubreil–Jacotin–Long(DJL)equation,which accurately describes large-amplitude internal solitary waves in a continuous density stratification,the computational errors of large-amplitude internal solitary waves at different pycnocline depths introduced by the strong stratification approximation are assessed.Although the pycnocline thicknesses are relatively large(accounting for 8%–10%of the total water depth),the error is much smaller under the three-layer approximation than under the two-layer approximation.

焊接机械臂结构设计及关键部件强度分析

以自主研发用于工业中常见的相贯线焊缝焊接的机器人为目标,根据所需机械臂性能及结构要求,确定机械臂总体设计方案及各个机构形式。运用三维软件Solid Works实现机械臂整体结构的实体建模。分析机器人在其运动范围内的极限工况,运用有限元软件ANSYS Workbench完成对其关键部件(基座,大臂,小臂)的有限元静态分析,验证了所设计机器人结构的可靠性,能够满足任务精度要求,为机械臂的样机制作提供了理论依据。

高清多边界探测技术在南海东部H油田的应用

传统地质导向软件的反演计算使用静态三层模型,难以有效指导水平井在内幕复杂的储层中钻进。新一代探边工具PeriScope HD通过硬件更新增加了方位测量内容以及升级了方位测量质量,增强了信噪比和边界探测深度,实现了倾角测量内容和多参数反演服务的升级。新型探边工具在不依赖于邻井测井数据的随机反演算法的基础上,反演剖面不再限定为三层模型,可拓展为多层地层模型,并且能够实现多套地层界面精细刻画,降低了边界位置不确定性,使得倾角预测更加精确,有效应对多层叠置储层带来的地质导向困难。通过南海东部H油田2口井的应用实例,证明了该技术在复杂地层情况下提高砂岩钻遇率的有效性,为深化地质研究提供基础信息。

Abstraction of Data Elements of Clinical Symptoms in Chinese Medicine

This report analyzes the existing problems in terminology referring to clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)from the viewpoint of data sharing and elaborates the necessity of establishing a standard directory of clinical data elements of TCM.We evaluated the principles and methods of data element extraction according to the status quo of the clinical information system and characteristics of symptoms for TCM and consequently proposed a three-layer model for optimal extraction.

Material parameter modeling and solution technique using birth–death element for notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch

This paper seeks to outline a novel three-layer model and a new birth-dteath element solution technique to evaluate static strength of notched metallic panel repaired with bonded com- posite patch and to optimize material parameters. The higher order 3D, 8-node isotropic solid ele- ment and 8-node anisotropic layered solid element with three degrees of freedom per node are respectively implemented to model substrate panel, adhesive layer and composite patch to establish three-layer model of repaired panel. The new solving technique based on birth-death element is developed to allow solution of the stress pattern of repaired panel for identifying failure mode. The new model and its solution are used to model failure mode and residual strength of repaired panel, and the obtained results have a good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, the influences of material parameter of adhesive layer and composite patch on the residual strength of repaired panel are investigated for optimizing material properties to meet operational and envi- ronmental constraints.

基于静态模型的多视角SAR图像目标识别方法

传统的多视角SAR图像集合对于目标姿态角具有高度敏感性,因此在用于目标识别时存在一些不足之处。针对该问题提出一种多视角SAR图像的静态建模方法,它将来自一个目标多个视角下的图像信息集成到一个综合的数据结构中,并且该数据结构与目标散射中心有关而与角度无关。然后利用静态模型对不完全姿态角的目标数据进行静态建模,利用模板匹配法对输入多视角图像进行目标识别。理论分析和仿真结果表明,本方法在每个目标只有少量姿态角模板数据可用的情形下比传统模型具有优势。