TIME DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSES IN SATURATED PORO-ELASTO-PLASTIC MEDIUM

A time-discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for dynamic analyses in saturated poro-elasto-plastic medium is proposed.As compared with the existing discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods,the distinct feature of the proposed method is that the continuity of the displacement vector at each discrete time instant is automatically ensured,whereas the discontinuity of the velocity vector at the discrete time levels still remains.The computational cost is then obviously reduced, particularly,for material non-linear problems.Both the implicit and explicit algorithms to solve the derived formulations for material non-linear problems are developed.Numerical results show a good performance of the present method in eliminating spurious numerical oscillations and providing with much more accurate solutions over the traditional Galerkin finite element method using the Newmark algorithm in the time domain.

GREEN FUNCTION ON TWO-PHASE SATURATED MEDIUM BY CONCENTRATED FORCE IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL DISPLACEMENT FIELD

The Green function on two-phase saturated medium by concentrated force has a broad and important use In seismology, seismic engineering, soil mechanics, geophysics, dynamic foundation theory and so on. According to the Green function on two-phase saturated medium by concentrated force in three-dimentional displacement field obtained by Ding Bo-yang et al., it gives out the Green function in two-dimensional displacement field by infinite integral method along x(3)-direction derived by De Hoop and Manolis. The method adopted in the thesis is simpler. The result will be simplified to the boundary element method of dynamic problem.

Solutions of Green's function for Lamb's problem of a two-phase saturated medium

The solutions of Green’s function are significant for simplification of problem on a two-phase saturated medium.Using transformation of axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate and Sommerfeld’s integral,superposition of the influence field on a free surface,authors obtained the solutions of a two-phase saturated medium subjected to a concentrated force on the semi-space.

The source vector and static displacement field by elastic dislocation on the two-phase saturated medium

Based on the Biot＇s theory about two-phase saturated medium, according to the character of δ function, the Green function on two-phase saturated medium by the point source under concentrated force can be derived. By the Betti＇s theorem for the two-phase saturated medium field, the source vector and static displacement field by elastic dislocation on the two-phase saturated medium were comprehensively discussed.

Solution of a Green's function for a saturated porous medium in a half-space subjected to a torsional force

Based on the solutions of the Green＇s function for a saturated porous medium obtained by the authors, and using transformation of axisymmetric coordinates, Sommerfeld integrals and superposition of the influence field on a free surface, the authors have obtained displacement solutions of a saturated porous medium subjected to a torsional force in a half-space. The relationship curves of the displacement solutions and various parameters （permeability, frequency, etc.） under action of a unit of torque are also given in this paper. The results are consistent with previous Reissner＇s solutions, where a two-phase medium decays to a single-phase medium. The solution is useful in solving relevant dynamic problems of a two- phase saturated medium in engineering.

On the higher-order thermal vibrations of FG saturated porous cylindrical micro-shells integrated with nanocomposite skins in viscoelastic medium

Since the multi-layered structures are widely used nowadays, and due to interesting applications of cylindrical shells, this study is dedicated to analyzing free vibrational behaviors of functionally graded saturated porous micro cylindrical shells with two nanocomposite skins. Based on Biot's assumptions, constitutive relations for the core are presented and effective properties of the skins are determined via the rule of mixture. A sinusoidal theory is used to capture the shear deformation effects, and to account for the scale effects, the modified couple stress theory is employed which suggests a material length-scale parameter for predicting the results in small-dimension. With the aid of extended form of Hamilton's principle for dynamic systems, differential equations of motion are extracted. Fourier series functions are used to obtain natural frequencies and after validating them, a set of parametric studies are carried out. The results show the significant effects of porosity and Skempton coefficient, pores placement patterns, CNTs addition and distribution patterns, temperature variations, material length-scale parameter and viscoelastic medium on the natural frequencies of the microstructure. The outcomes of this work could be used to design and manufacture more reliable micro cylindrical structures in thermo-dynamical environments.

Effects of Solid Matrix and Porosity of Porous Medium on Heat Transfer of Marangoni Boundary Layer Flow Saturated with Power-Law Nanofluids

The effect of the solid matrix and porosity of the porous medium are first introduced to the study of power-law nanofluids, and the Marangoni boundary layer flow with heat generation is investigated. Two cases of solid matrix of porous medium including glass balls and aluminum foam are considered. The governing partial differential equations are simplified by dimensionless variables and similarity transformations, and are solved numerically by using a shooting method with the fourth-fifth-order Runge-Kutta integration technique. It is indicated that the increase of the porosity leads to the enhancement of heat transfer in the surface of the Marangoni boundary layer flow.

Torsional vibration of a pipe pile in transversely isotropic saturated soil

This study considers the torsional vibration of a pipe pile in a transversely isotropic saturated soil layer. Based on Biot＇s poroelastic theory and the constitutive relations of the transversely isotropic medium, the dynamic governing equations of the outer and inner transversely isotropic saturated soil layers are derived. The Laplace transform is used to solve the governing equations of the outer and inner soil layers. The dynamic torsional response of the pipe pile in the frequency domain is derived utilizing 1D elastic theory and the continuous conditions at the interfaces between the pipe pile and the soils. The time domain solution is obtained by Fourier inverse transform. A parametric study is conducted to demonstrate the influence of the anisotropies of the outer and inner soil on the torsional dynamic response of the pipe pile.

Axisymmetrical analytical solution for vertical vibration of end-bearing pile in saturated viscoelastic soil layer

Based on elasticity and the theory of saturated porous media, and regarding the pile and the soil as a single phase elastic and a saturated viscoelastic media, respectively, the dynamical behavior of vertical vibration of an end-bearing pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer is investigated in the frequency domain using the Helmholtz decomposition and variable separation method. The axisymmetrical analytical solutions for vertical vibrations of the pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer are obtained, and the analytical expression of the dynamical complex stiffness of the pile top is presented. Responses of dynamic stiffness factor and equivalent damping of pile top with respect to the frequency are shown in figures using a numerical method. Effects of the saturated soil parameters, modulus ratio of the pile to soil, slenderness ratio of pile and pile＇s Poisson ratio, etc. on the stiffness factor and damping are examined. It is shown that, due to the effect of the transversal deformation of the pile and the radial force of the saturated viscoelastic soil acting on the pile, the dynamic stiffness factor and the damping derived from the axisymmetrical solution are greatly different from those derived from the classical Euler-Bernoulli rod model, especially at some specific excitation frequencies. Therefore, there are limitations on applicability of the Euler-Bernoulli rod model in analyzing verticai vibration of the pile. More accurate analysis should be based on a three-dimensional model.

3-D DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC SATURATED SOILS

A study on dynamic response of transversely isotropic saturated poroelastic media under a circular non-axisymmetrical harmonic source has been presented by Huang Yi et al. using the technique of Fourier expansion and Hankel transform. However, the method may not always be valid. The work is extended to the general case being in the rectangular coordinate. The purpose is to study the 3-d dynamic response of transversely isotropic saturated soils under a general source distributing in arbitrary rectangular zoon on the medium surface. Based on Biot＇s theory for fluid- saturated porous media, the 3-d wave motion equations in rectangular coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated poroelastic media were transformed into the two uncoupling governing differential equations of 6-order and 2-order respectively by means of the displacement functions. Then, using the technique of double Fourier transform, the governing differential equations were easily solved. Integral solutions of soil skeleton displacements and pore pressure as well as the total stresses for poroelastic media were obtained. Furthermore, a systematic study on half-space problem in saturated soils was performed. Integral solutions for surface displacements under the general harmonic source distributing on arbitrary surface zone, considering both case of drained surface and undrained surface, were presented.

Exact solutions to one-dimensional transient response of incompressible fluid-saturated single-layer porous media

Based on the Biot theory of porous media, the exact solutions to one- dimensional transient response of incompressible saturated single-layer porous media un- der four types of boundary conditions are developed. In the procedure, a relation between the solid displacement u and the relative displacement ＇w is derived, and the well-posed initial conditions and boundary conditions are proposed. The derivation of the solution for one type of boundary condition is then illustrated in detail. The exact solutions for the other three types of boundary conditions are given directly. The propagation of the compressional wave is investigated through numerical examples. It is verified that only one type of compressional wave exists in the incompressible saturated porous media.

Vertical vibration of a floating pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer overlaying bedrock

An axisymmetrical analytical solution is developed to investigate the vertical time-harmonic vibration of a floating pile in a saturated viscoelastic soil layer overlaying bedrock. The soil is described by porous medium model established by Boer, while the pile is described by a beam vibration theory. By using separation theory of differential operator and variables to solve the dynamic governing equations for the soil, the fundamental solutions for the soil reactions on side and bottom of the pile are obtained. The dynamic impedance of the pile head is then derived by solving the vibration equation for the pile according to the compatibility condition between the pile and the soil. The proposed model is validated by comparing special cases of our model with the existing results. Numerical examples are presented to analyze the vibration characteristics of the pile.

CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS FOR STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

According to generalized characteristic theory, a characteristic analysis for stress wave propagation in transversely isotropic fluid-saturated porous media was performed. The characteristic differential equations and compatibility relations along bicharacteristics were deduced and the analytical expressions for wave surfaces were obtained. The characteristic and shapes of the velocity surfaces and wave surfaces in the transversely isotropic fluid-saturated porous media were discussed in detail. The results also show that the characteristic equations for stress waves in pure solids are particular cases of the characteristic equations for fluid-saturated porous media.

基于混合介质网格的表贴式永磁游标电机通用等效磁网络模型

为了更加快速准确地分析表贴式永磁游标电机的电磁特性与参数,提出一种通用等效磁网络模型。该模型的关键在于引入混合介质网格,可将调制齿区域沿周向剖分成相同大小的网格单元,实现对表贴式永磁游标电机调制齿区域的通用建模。同时,此通用等效磁网络模型还确定了定子和气隙的节点连接关系,避免传统等效磁网络模型因瞬态仿真导致的两者节点不规则连接问题,降低仿真误差。此外,考虑到定子极靴存在局部磁饱和现象,文中根据其拓扑结构和磁通密度分布,将定子极靴剖分成3个部分,并细分磁饱和区域,进一步提高模型精度。最后,利用此通用等效磁网络模型计算表贴式永磁游标电机的部分电磁性能,包括气隙磁密,磁链,反电势和转矩,并通过比较计算结果、有限元分析结果以及实验结果的误差,验证所提出模型的有效性和精确性。

含天然气水合物泥质粉砂沉积物电阻率变化规律

现有研究结果表明,研究含天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)泥质粉砂沉积物电阻率特性对于安全、高效开发水合物藏具有重要意义,但目前关于细粒沉积物中颗粒排挤型水合物影响的研究较少,尤其是对沉积物固结收缩、受力变形和剪切破坏过程中储层电阻率的变化规律认识尚不充分。为此,采用3种制样方法制备了含不同饱和度水合物泥质粉砂沉积物,探究了沉积物在降温、水合物生成、N2气体驱替、水饱和、三轴固结和剪切破坏各阶段中电阻率的变化规律,并对固结和剪切阶段中电阻率的各因素敏感性进行了分析。研究结果表明:①水合物生成会急剧增大沉积物电阻率至1 kΩ·m以上,含20%和40%饱和度水合物沉积物电阻率差值超过350Ω·m,而水饱和过程则促使电阻率减小至40Ω·m以下;②有效围压由1.0 MPa增大到1.5 MPa时,饱和气状态下含20%饱和度水合物沉积物电阻率最大可降低253Ω·m,而饱和水状态下降幅约为2Ω·m;③沉积物导电能力受孔隙介质相态变化影响显著,主要机制为水合物生成堵塞导电通道,水饱和强化电流传导,而水合物胶结能力下降和孔隙气残余则会弱化电流传导。结论认为,孔隙介质和外部压力是影响泥质粉砂沉积物电阻率变化的两大重要因素,后续研究中应加强这些因素进行耦合分析,以期为海洋水合物开采过程中储层扰动风险预测提供理论支持。

Humic acid-mediated transport of a typical soil passivation remediation product(chloropyromorphite)in saturated porous media

Conversion of labile Pb species into chloropyromorphite(CPY)using phosphorus-bearing amendments was considered to be an ideal strategy in soil passivation remediation.However,the fate and transport of CPY in the soil are poorly understood.This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by evaluating the fate and transport of CPY under environmentally relevant conditions of humic acid(HA),pH,electrolyte concentration,and species through the saturated sandy medium.Results showed that bare CPY colloids are basically immobile in sandy porous media while the co-existence of HA made the transport of CPY improved by30%-93.5%.Facilitated transport of CPY was attributed to the increased stability of CPY and the repulsive interaction between CPY particles and sands due to HA adsorption.The mobility of CPY was also increased with increasing pH from 5.0 to 9.0.When the pH was 9 with a10 mmol/L NaCl background solution,the stronger energy barrier between CPY and sand led to enhanced transport behavior.The divalent Ca^(2+)had a more dramatic effect than monovalent Na^(+)on the aggregation and sedimentation of CPY colloids due to its effectivescreening of the surface charge of CPY and bridging interaction with CPY particles.Derjaguin-LandauVerwey-Overbeek theory and attachment efficiency calculation indicated that high energy barriers were responsible for the high mobility of CPY colloids,while the retention of CPY in sands was mainly caused by secondary energy minimum and physically straining.The findings of this work can help to evaluate the fate of soil passivation remediation products in natural water and soil.

饱和土与结构动力相互作用的二维摩擦接触模型

由于孔隙流体的存在,饱和土-结构的动力相互作用相比经典固-固接触的相互作用更加复杂,主要存在两类耦合问题:饱和土中的流-固耦合,以及结构与饱和土间的接触耦合。本文针对饱和土与结构间的动力接触摩擦效应问题,建立了可反映“粘结-滑移-分离”状态的饱和土与结构动力摩擦接触模型。该模型是由一系列“点-线”单元构成的接触界面,并基于摩尔库伦模型及有效应力原理,根据接触判别条件,分别从位移和孔压两方面建立不同接触状态下的接触控制方程,并通过挡土墙与饱和土的相互作用算例验证了该模型的正确性。最后,以大开地铁车站为工程背景,分析了考虑接触模型的饱和土与地下结构的动力响应,以及考虑接触模型的必要性。

An explicit finite element method for dynamic analysis in three-medium coupling system and its application

In this paper, an explicit finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses of three-medium coupled systems with any terrain is developed on the basis of the numerical simulation of the continuous conditions on the bounda-ries among fluid saturated porous medium, elastic single-phase medium and ideal fluid medium. This method is a very effective one with the characteristic of high calculating speed and small memory needed because the formulae for this explicit finite element method have the characteristic of decoupling, and which does not need to solve sys-tem of linear equations. The method is applied to analyze the dynamic response of a reservoir with considering the dynamic interactions among water, dam, sediment and basement rock. The vertical displacement at the top point of the dam is calculated and some conclusions are given.

Distributed multichannel medium access control protocol without common control channel for single-hop cognitive radio networks

A novel distributed cognitive radio multichannel medium access protocol without common control channel was proposed.The protocol divided a transmission interval into two parts for exchanging control information and data,respectively.In addition to evaluating system saturation throughput of the proposed protocol,a three-dimensional multi channel Markov chain model to describe the sate of the cognitive users (CUs) in dynamic spectrum access was presented.The proposed analysis was applied to the packet transmission schemes employed by the basic,RTS/CTS access mechanism adopted in the normal IEEE 802.11.Analyzing the advantage of the two methods,a hybrid access mechanism was proposed to improve the system throughput.The simulation results show that the experiment results are close to the value computed by the model (less than 5%),and the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system throughput by borrowing the licensed spectrum.By analyzing the dependence of throughput on system parameters,hybrid mechanism dynamically selecting access mechanism can maintain high throughput.

水蒸气准饱和压缩高温热泵循环性能分析

水蒸气高温热泵将自然工质水的环保性和热泵的节能性相结合,充分地发挥了水工质在高温热泵领域的性能优势,喷水降温更是有效地保证了机组的长期安全稳定与高效运行。分析了在热泵系统中构建逆卡诺循环的可能性,以及面临的主要问题,从理论上证实了在水蒸气压缩的过程中往工作腔内连续喷入低焓值的水工质来实现水蒸气的准饱和压缩,不仅能够有效地降低压缩终了的排气过热度,还有利于提高系统整体性能。针对吸气过热度和喷液冷却次数对系统性能的影响进行了理论分析,得出吸气过热度的存在不利于系统性能的提升,而喷液次数的增加则对于系统性能有利,但当喷液次数超过5次以后,系统性能的提升就十分缓慢了。当吸气过热度为20℃时,和无吸气过热度相比,COP降低了1.45%~1.54%;当喷水次数达到30次,和1次喷水相比,COP提升了3.10%~3.73%。