Dry-fermented sausages are a good source of bioactive peptides,whose stability against gastrointestinal(GI)digestion determines their bioaccessibility.This study focused on evaluating the effect of peptide extracts fr...Dry-fermented sausages are a good source of bioactive peptides,whose stability against gastrointestinal(GI)digestion determines their bioaccessibility.This study focused on evaluating the effect of peptide extracts from sausages fermented with Staphylococcus simulans QB7 during in vitro simulated GI digestion,including peptide profiles and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Peptides present in sausages were degraded during digestion,with molecular weight reduced from>12 kDa to<1.5 kDa.Besides,the content of amino acids increased from 381.15 to 527.07 mg/g,especially tyrosine being found only after GI digestion.The anti-inflammatory activities were increased after GI digestion,however,the changes in antioxidant activities were the opposite.A total number of 255,252 and 386 peptide sequences were identified in undigested,peptic-digested and GI-digested samples,respectively.PeptideRanker,BIOPEP-UWM and admetSAR were used to further predict the functional properties and intestinal absorption of the identified peptide sequences from GI digestion.Finally,18 peptides were discovered to possess either antioxidant or anti-inflammatory capacities.展开更多
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the inoculation of mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus(labeled L-S)on microbial community and flavor in fermented sausages during the ri...The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the inoculation of mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus(labeled L-S)on microbial community and flavor in fermented sausages during the ripening process.Culture-dependent(colony count)and culture-independent(high-throughput sequencing)methods were employed to evaluate bacterial communities.Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).The identified bacteria with high relative abundance included Lactobacillus and Pediococcus,and the relative abundances of Leuconostoc and Weissella in fermented sausages were remarkably decreased at the end of the ripening process.At the end of ripening,2-nonenal,tetradecanal,ethylstearate and terpinyl acetate played substantial roles in the flavor development of the L-S fermented sausages.Sensory evaluation showed a high score in the L-S fermented sausages.Sausages can be inoculated with L-S starter culture to improve the safety and flavor of meat products.展开更多
Effects of a starter culture composed of Lactobacillus sakei,Pediococcus pentosaceus,Staphylococcus xylosus and S.carnosus at the ratios(m/m)of 1:1:1:1 on bacterial profile and biogenic amine accumulation in Chinese S...Effects of a starter culture composed of Lactobacillus sakei,Pediococcus pentosaceus,Staphylococcus xylosus and S.carnosus at the ratios(m/m)of 1:1:1:1 on bacterial profile and biogenic amine accumulation in Chinese Sichuan sausages were demonstrated.In starter culture-inoculated sausages,Lactobacillus spp.,Pediococcus spp.and Staphylococcus spp.were predominant bacterial genus and their relative abundances ranged from 70.14%to 25.98%,57.66%to 14.08%,and 15.71%to 13.40%during fermentation,respectively.Accordingly,Lactobacillus spp.and Weissella spp.were predominant bacterial genus and their relative abundances ranged from 63.14%to 24.70%and 49.40%to 11.96%during spontaneous fermentation,respectively.Furthermore,the abundances of undesirable microorganisms such as Yersinia spp.,Enterobacter spp.,Acietobacter spp.and Psychrobacter spp.were lower than that of the control.The levels of histamine,putrescine,tyramine and cadaverine in Chinese Sichuan sausages with starter cultures inoculation were significantly lower(P<0.05)than that of the control,and were decreased by 83.09%,69.38%,51.87%and 57.20%,respectively,at the end of the ripening.These results revealed that the starter cultures inoculation was a better alternative for microbial quality improvement and biogenic amine reduction of Chinese Sichuan sausages with good sensory attributes.展开更多
The dislike food preferences that children registered regarding vegetables and fish compromise the exposure to those iodine sources and may contribute to cause a nutritional deficiency in this micronutrient, causing s...The dislike food preferences that children registered regarding vegetables and fish compromise the exposure to those iodine sources and may contribute to cause a nutritional deficiency in this micronutrient, causing serious damage of the brain and the central nervous system. Functional foods are becoming well-established in the market, focused on by an adult consumer more interested in healthy eating habits but without the motivation to optimize natural food preparation or to promote a wide variety of food in their diet. This article presents evidence of a new functional product concept, 100% vegetable, fermented soya based and salted by a red algae, that was approved by 900 parents who chose the sensorial features: distinctive aroma (57.9%), soft texture (38.4%), sausage shape (21%) and attractive color (77.9%). Three different varieties were developed: carrot (50% w/w), sugar-beet (50% w/w) and tomato (40% w/w) mini sausages, with tofu (20% w/w) and 0.8 % (w/w) of seaweed, reflecting trends that the younger consumer demands. The sensorial tests performed, after quality control assays, received very satisfactory acceptance by the potential buyer.展开更多
This paper addresses consumers’ choices by examining: current food choices made by different socio-economic groups;price barriers to diet improvement;and ways in which marketing may affect product choice. The study s...This paper addresses consumers’ choices by examining: current food choices made by different socio-economic groups;price barriers to diet improvement;and ways in which marketing may affect product choice. The study seeks: first, to analyze the differences in consumption of sausages of different nutritional composition among different socio-demo- graphic and lifestage groups;and second, using the example of sausages, to measure whether it is possible to improve diet quality without affecting household expenditure. Sausages represent a relatively high proportion of red and processed meat purchases in Scotland, contributing significantly to the fat and sodium in the Scottish diet. The data used consisted of two-years of weekly information from a top-4, UK supermarket. The results suggest that it is possible to purchase the same amount of a lower saturated fat or lower sodium sausage for the same price as a higher saturated fat or sodium sausage. However, it would cost more for some of the groups to replace a sausage that was both higher in saturated fat and higher in sodium with a lower saturated fat, lower sodium version in the household’s food basket.展开更多
The effect of a proteolytic starter culture isolated from Nanx Wudl,on microbiological,biochemical and organoleptic attributes of dry fermented sausages was investigated during processing.Based on preliminary screenin...The effect of a proteolytic starter culture isolated from Nanx Wudl,on microbiological,biochemical and organoleptic attributes of dry fermented sausages was investigated during processing.Based on preliminary screening,the combination of Staphylococcus xylosus SX16 and Lactobacillus plantarum CMRC6,showing excellent proteolytic activity in vitro,was selected as the multi-strain starter(starter LS).For comparison,the single-strain starter culture of L.plantarum CMRC6(starter LB)and non-inoculated control were also tested.During fermentation,lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci dominated the microbiota and suppressed the Enterobacteriaceae growth in LS-inoculated sausages.The addition of LS starter accelerated acidification and proteolysis during ripening,improving the contents of total free amino acids and several essential free amino acids(Phe,Ile and Leu).Volatile compounds analysis revealed that LS-fermented sausage showed the highest abundance of 3-methyl-1-butanol,probably due to the inoculated S.xylosus.The inoculation of LS starter improved the sensory properties of sausages,especially the flavor attribute.Therefore,S.xylosus SX16 and L.plantarum CMRC6 are promising candidates for inclusion as multi-strain starters in the manufacture of gourmet fermented dry sausage.展开更多
We performed 6 fabrications of dry-fermented sausages to investigate, at laboratory scale, the effects of combined partial substitutions of sodium chloride by potassium chloride and pork backfat by sunflower oil on ke...We performed 6 fabrications of dry-fermented sausages to investigate, at laboratory scale, the effects of combined partial substitutions of sodium chloride by potassium chloride and pork backfat by sunflower oil on key physical-chemical and biochemical parameters, instrumental colour and texture measurements, and the consumer acceptability of the end-products. Regarding the physical-chemical parameters, statistical analysis of results showed that final product weight loss was impacted by fat content and use of sunflower oil;final mean water activity value was only affected by salt level;and animal fat content impacted pH values, only at the end of drying. Regarding the biochemical parameters investigated, we statistically found a marked impact of partial substitution of NaCl by KCl on the proteolysis evolution, of fat level and sodium content on the end-product lipolysis, and finally, a significant effect of animal fat level and incorporation of sunflower oil on both protein and lipid oxidations. However, the new product formulations combining salt and fat substitutions lead to globally acceptable water loss and water activity values and similar rates of proteolysis, lipolysis and lipid oxidation, but less protein oxidation. From a practical point of view, the results clearly showed that sodium and animal fat contents in dryfermented sausages can be drastically reduced with no too marked adverse effect on colour, final textural properties or consumer acceptability. On the basis of these laboratory results, new healthier dry-fermented products can be manufactured by an industrial company in the near future.展开更多
This study investigated the spread of foodborne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes, Es-cherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in chicken sausage samples collected from retail markets in Greece and...This study investigated the spread of foodborne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes, Es-cherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in chicken sausage samples collected from retail markets in Greece and Egypt during 2006 and from Egypt through 2010. Other microbiological parameters;total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pseudomonads (PS), staphylococci (STAPH), Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT), Enterobacteriaceae (EN), Escherichia coli (EC), yeasts and moulds (Y&M) were also counted. Egyptian chicken sausage samples were found to harbor L. mono- cytogenes, Staph. aureus and E. coli O157:H7;with frequencies equivalent to 24%, 60% and 26% of the total samples during 2006 and 37.87%, 64.44% and 41.11% of the total samples during 2010, respectively, while Greek samples were entirely free of theses pathogens. Enrichment techniques indicated the absence of Salmonella from both Greek and Egyptian samples. The obtained results may mobilize food producers and handlers in developing countries to take the due measures reducing food-borne pathogen risks and spoilage flora alongside the poultry chain.展开更多
Frozen storage of emulsion-type sausages may be one approach to avoid or reduce the use of sodium nitrite,which is associated with health risks.Silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)mince(M_(0))was washed for 1(M_(1...Frozen storage of emulsion-type sausages may be one approach to avoid or reduce the use of sodium nitrite,which is associated with health risks.Silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)mince(M_(0))was washed for 1(M_(1))or 3(M_(3))times and the impact of washing on the properties frozen storage(−18℃)during 4 months were determined and results were compared to those of conventional silver carp sausages(Mt).Lipid oxidation,as evidenced by changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and FFAs,took place during storage in the order of M_(0)>M_(1)=M_(3)=Mt with M_(0)being highly oxidized(P≤0.05).Total volatile base nitrogen formed during storage and the ranking for the quality loss was as follows M_(0)>M_(1)>M_(3)=Mt.Washing(M_(1)=M_(3))led to less hardness(P≤0.05).Mt had better redness,while M_(1)and M_(3)led to higher expressible moisture,water release and lightness(P≤0.05).Results indicated the lower sensory and consumer-liking properties of frozen M_(1)and M_(3)sausages.Therefore,washing and frozen storage influenced silver carp mince sausages.展开更多
Heterocyclic amines (HAs) could be generated though sausage processing.The results showed that garlic,black pepper,chili inhibited the formation of HAs (584.29 ng/g,613.11 ng/g,677.23 ng/g) whereas ginger and Sichuan ...Heterocyclic amines (HAs) could be generated though sausage processing.The results showed that garlic,black pepper,chili inhibited the formation of HAs (584.29 ng/g,613.11 ng/g,677.23 ng/g) whereas ginger and Sichuan pepper intensified (965.66 ng/g,916.59 ng/g) compare with control sausage 863.86 ng/g.Furthermore,the study showed that garlic,black pepper,chilli all inhibited the formation of total HAs at stage of raw,drying,baking and steaming and had different inhibitory effect at every stage.Black pepper had the best inhibitory effect across four stages and inhibition rate reached 65%,69%,66%,84% after each stage.Chilli was the only one had inhibitory effect on both free and protein-bound HAs at every stage and inhibition rate about free and protein-bound HAs reached 38% and 76% in finished sausage.Adding certain spices properly during processing would be helpful to obtain fewer HAs in sausage.展开更多
Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid pred...Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid prediction of nitrite contents in sausages.The average spectra of 156 samples were collected to relate to the measured nitrite values by partial least squares(PLS)regression.Optimal wavelengths were respectively selected by successive projections algorithm(SPA)and regression coefficients(RC)to simplify the PLS model.The results indicated that PLS model established with 15 optimal wavelengths(900.5 nm,907.1 nm,908.8 nm,912.1 nm,915.4 nm,920.3 nm,922.0 nm,941.7 nm,979.6 nm,1083.2 nm,1213.2 nm,1353.0 nm,1460.2 nm,1595.6 nm and 1699.9 nm)selected by SPA had better performance with r C,r CV,r P of 0.92,0.89,0.89 and RMSEC,RMSECV,RMSEP of 0.41 mg/kg,0.89 mg/kg,0.49 mg/kg,respectively,for calibration set,cross-validation and prediction set.It was concluded that hyperspectral data could be mined by PLS&SPA for realizing the rapid evaluation of nitrite content in ham sausages.展开更多
The traditional dry sausage is highly appreciated in China because of its unique flavor characteristics.This study aimed to characterize and compare the flavor profile of traditional dry sausage,inoculated with lactic...The traditional dry sausage is highly appreciated in China because of its unique flavor characteristics.This study aimed to characterize and compare the flavor profile of traditional dry sausage,inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB),including Lactobacillus plantarum MDJ2,Lactobacillus sakei HRB10,Lactobacillus curvatus SYS29,Weissella hellenica HRB6,and Lactococcus lactis HRB0 using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with electronic nose (E-nose).The control (non-inoculated) sausage presented higher water activity and moisture content compared to the inoculated sausages whereas,the inoculation led to decreased pH values and increased LAB counts during fermentation of dry sausages.Inoculation with LAB increased volatile compound contents and decreased total contents of free amino acids of sausages.E-nose and sensory analysis confirmed that inoculation with LAB,especially W.hellenica HRB6,Lb.sakei HRB10,and Lb.curvatus SYS29 enriched the pleasant odors of dry sausage.Correlation analysis demonstrated that sausages inoculated with W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 showed a correlation with most of the key volatile compounds.In conclusion,W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 are promising starter cultures to enhance the flavor characteristics of dry sausages.展开更多
The study was conducted to explore the possibility of utilization of Terminalia arjuna as a novel natural preservative in meat products by using chevon sausages as a model system.Chevon sausages were prepared by incor...The study was conducted to explore the possibility of utilization of Terminalia arjuna as a novel natural preservative in meat products by using chevon sausages as a model system.Chevon sausages were prepared by incorporating different levels of T.arjuna viz.T1(0.25%),T2(0.50%)and T3(0.75%)and were assessed for various lipid oxidative stability and storage quality parameters under refrigerated(4±1◦C)conditions.T.arjuna showed a significant(p<0.05)effect on the lipid oxidative stability as the treated products exhibited significantly(p<0.05)lower TBARS(mg malonaldehyde/kg)values in comparison to control.A significant(p<0.05)effect was also observed on the microbial stability as T.arjuna incorporated products showed significantly(p<0.05)lower values for total plate count(log cfu/g),psychrophilic count(log cfu/g),yeast and mould count(log cfu/g)and FFA(%oleic acid)values.Significantly(p<0.05)higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the products incorporated with T.arjuna during refrigerated storage.T.arjuna successfully improved the lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of the model meat product and may be commercially exploited as a novel preservative in muscle foods.展开更多
This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity (WHC) and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork ...This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity (WHC) and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid (TEF) were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss (PL) were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level (3%) of NaCl.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32272359)Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC,RGPIN-2018-04680)the scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (202106670005)。
文摘Dry-fermented sausages are a good source of bioactive peptides,whose stability against gastrointestinal(GI)digestion determines their bioaccessibility.This study focused on evaluating the effect of peptide extracts from sausages fermented with Staphylococcus simulans QB7 during in vitro simulated GI digestion,including peptide profiles and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Peptides present in sausages were degraded during digestion,with molecular weight reduced from>12 kDa to<1.5 kDa.Besides,the content of amino acids increased from 381.15 to 527.07 mg/g,especially tyrosine being found only after GI digestion.The anti-inflammatory activities were increased after GI digestion,however,the changes in antioxidant activities were the opposite.A total number of 255,252 and 386 peptide sequences were identified in undigested,peptic-digested and GI-digested samples,respectively.PeptideRanker,BIOPEP-UWM and admetSAR were used to further predict the functional properties and intestinal absorption of the identified peptide sequences from GI digestion.Finally,18 peptides were discovered to possess either antioxidant or anti-inflammatory capacities.
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Projects of Shanxi Province (20210302123400) in ChinaAgricultural Valley Construction Research Project of Shanxi Province (SXNGJSKYZX201903)Key Science and Technology Programs in Agriculture of Shanxi Province (201903D211008)
文摘The objective of this study was to explore the effects of the inoculation of mixed starter cultures of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus(labeled L-S)on microbial community and flavor in fermented sausages during the ripening process.Culture-dependent(colony count)and culture-independent(high-throughput sequencing)methods were employed to evaluate bacterial communities.Volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA).The identified bacteria with high relative abundance included Lactobacillus and Pediococcus,and the relative abundances of Leuconostoc and Weissella in fermented sausages were remarkably decreased at the end of the ripening process.At the end of ripening,2-nonenal,tetradecanal,ethylstearate and terpinyl acetate played substantial roles in the flavor development of the L-S fermented sausages.Sensory evaluation showed a high score in the L-S fermented sausages.Sausages can be inoculated with L-S starter culture to improve the safety and flavor of meat products.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772093)Key innovation projects of Chengdu Science and Technology(2019-YF05-00066-SN)Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution(GHBK-003)。
文摘Effects of a starter culture composed of Lactobacillus sakei,Pediococcus pentosaceus,Staphylococcus xylosus and S.carnosus at the ratios(m/m)of 1:1:1:1 on bacterial profile and biogenic amine accumulation in Chinese Sichuan sausages were demonstrated.In starter culture-inoculated sausages,Lactobacillus spp.,Pediococcus spp.and Staphylococcus spp.were predominant bacterial genus and their relative abundances ranged from 70.14%to 25.98%,57.66%to 14.08%,and 15.71%to 13.40%during fermentation,respectively.Accordingly,Lactobacillus spp.and Weissella spp.were predominant bacterial genus and their relative abundances ranged from 63.14%to 24.70%and 49.40%to 11.96%during spontaneous fermentation,respectively.Furthermore,the abundances of undesirable microorganisms such as Yersinia spp.,Enterobacter spp.,Acietobacter spp.and Psychrobacter spp.were lower than that of the control.The levels of histamine,putrescine,tyramine and cadaverine in Chinese Sichuan sausages with starter cultures inoculation were significantly lower(P<0.05)than that of the control,and were decreased by 83.09%,69.38%,51.87%and 57.20%,respectively,at the end of the ripening.These results revealed that the starter cultures inoculation was a better alternative for microbial quality improvement and biogenic amine reduction of Chinese Sichuan sausages with good sensory attributes.
文摘The dislike food preferences that children registered regarding vegetables and fish compromise the exposure to those iodine sources and may contribute to cause a nutritional deficiency in this micronutrient, causing serious damage of the brain and the central nervous system. Functional foods are becoming well-established in the market, focused on by an adult consumer more interested in healthy eating habits but without the motivation to optimize natural food preparation or to promote a wide variety of food in their diet. This article presents evidence of a new functional product concept, 100% vegetable, fermented soya based and salted by a red algae, that was approved by 900 parents who chose the sensorial features: distinctive aroma (57.9%), soft texture (38.4%), sausage shape (21%) and attractive color (77.9%). Three different varieties were developed: carrot (50% w/w), sugar-beet (50% w/w) and tomato (40% w/w) mini sausages, with tofu (20% w/w) and 0.8 % (w/w) of seaweed, reflecting trends that the younger consumer demands. The sensorial tests performed, after quality control assays, received very satisfactory acceptance by the potential buyer.
文摘This paper addresses consumers’ choices by examining: current food choices made by different socio-economic groups;price barriers to diet improvement;and ways in which marketing may affect product choice. The study seeks: first, to analyze the differences in consumption of sausages of different nutritional composition among different socio-demo- graphic and lifestage groups;and second, using the example of sausages, to measure whether it is possible to improve diet quality without affecting household expenditure. Sausages represent a relatively high proportion of red and processed meat purchases in Scotland, contributing significantly to the fat and sodium in the Scottish diet. The data used consisted of two-years of weekly information from a top-4, UK supermarket. The results suggest that it is possible to purchase the same amount of a lower saturated fat or lower sodium sausage for the same price as a higher saturated fat or sodium sausage. However, it would cost more for some of the groups to replace a sausage that was both higher in saturated fat and higher in sodium with a lower saturated fat, lower sodium version in the household’s food basket.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2018YFD0400404).
文摘The effect of a proteolytic starter culture isolated from Nanx Wudl,on microbiological,biochemical and organoleptic attributes of dry fermented sausages was investigated during processing.Based on preliminary screening,the combination of Staphylococcus xylosus SX16 and Lactobacillus plantarum CMRC6,showing excellent proteolytic activity in vitro,was selected as the multi-strain starter(starter LS).For comparison,the single-strain starter culture of L.plantarum CMRC6(starter LB)and non-inoculated control were also tested.During fermentation,lactic acid bacteria and staphylococci dominated the microbiota and suppressed the Enterobacteriaceae growth in LS-inoculated sausages.The addition of LS starter accelerated acidification and proteolysis during ripening,improving the contents of total free amino acids and several essential free amino acids(Phe,Ile and Leu).Volatile compounds analysis revealed that LS-fermented sausage showed the highest abundance of 3-methyl-1-butanol,probably due to the inoculated S.xylosus.The inoculation of LS starter improved the sensory properties of sausages,especially the flavor attribute.Therefore,S.xylosus SX16 and L.plantarum CMRC6 are promising candidates for inclusion as multi-strain starters in the manufacture of gourmet fermented dry sausage.
文摘We performed 6 fabrications of dry-fermented sausages to investigate, at laboratory scale, the effects of combined partial substitutions of sodium chloride by potassium chloride and pork backfat by sunflower oil on key physical-chemical and biochemical parameters, instrumental colour and texture measurements, and the consumer acceptability of the end-products. Regarding the physical-chemical parameters, statistical analysis of results showed that final product weight loss was impacted by fat content and use of sunflower oil;final mean water activity value was only affected by salt level;and animal fat content impacted pH values, only at the end of drying. Regarding the biochemical parameters investigated, we statistically found a marked impact of partial substitution of NaCl by KCl on the proteolysis evolution, of fat level and sodium content on the end-product lipolysis, and finally, a significant effect of animal fat level and incorporation of sunflower oil on both protein and lipid oxidations. However, the new product formulations combining salt and fat substitutions lead to globally acceptable water loss and water activity values and similar rates of proteolysis, lipolysis and lipid oxidation, but less protein oxidation. From a practical point of view, the results clearly showed that sodium and animal fat contents in dryfermented sausages can be drastically reduced with no too marked adverse effect on colour, final textural properties or consumer acceptability. On the basis of these laboratory results, new healthier dry-fermented products can be manufactured by an industrial company in the near future.
文摘This study investigated the spread of foodborne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes, Es-cherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in chicken sausage samples collected from retail markets in Greece and Egypt during 2006 and from Egypt through 2010. Other microbiological parameters;total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), pseudomonads (PS), staphylococci (STAPH), Brochothrix thermosphacta (BT), Enterobacteriaceae (EN), Escherichia coli (EC), yeasts and moulds (Y&M) were also counted. Egyptian chicken sausage samples were found to harbor L. mono- cytogenes, Staph. aureus and E. coli O157:H7;with frequencies equivalent to 24%, 60% and 26% of the total samples during 2006 and 37.87%, 64.44% and 41.11% of the total samples during 2010, respectively, while Greek samples were entirely free of theses pathogens. Enrichment techniques indicated the absence of Salmonella from both Greek and Egyptian samples. The obtained results may mobilize food producers and handlers in developing countries to take the due measures reducing food-borne pathogen risks and spoilage flora alongside the poultry chain.
文摘Frozen storage of emulsion-type sausages may be one approach to avoid or reduce the use of sodium nitrite,which is associated with health risks.Silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)mince(M_(0))was washed for 1(M_(1))or 3(M_(3))times and the impact of washing on the properties frozen storage(−18℃)during 4 months were determined and results were compared to those of conventional silver carp sausages(Mt).Lipid oxidation,as evidenced by changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and FFAs,took place during storage in the order of M_(0)>M_(1)=M_(3)=Mt with M_(0)being highly oxidized(P≤0.05).Total volatile base nitrogen formed during storage and the ranking for the quality loss was as follows M_(0)>M_(1)>M_(3)=Mt.Washing(M_(1)=M_(3))led to less hardness(P≤0.05).Mt had better redness,while M_(1)and M_(3)led to higher expressible moisture,water release and lightness(P≤0.05).Results indicated the lower sensory and consumer-liking properties of frozen M_(1)and M_(3)sausages.Therefore,washing and frozen storage influenced silver carp mince sausages.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0401200)National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(Grant No.JUFSTR20180201).
文摘Heterocyclic amines (HAs) could be generated though sausage processing.The results showed that garlic,black pepper,chili inhibited the formation of HAs (584.29 ng/g,613.11 ng/g,677.23 ng/g) whereas ginger and Sichuan pepper intensified (965.66 ng/g,916.59 ng/g) compare with control sausage 863.86 ng/g.Furthermore,the study showed that garlic,black pepper,chilli all inhibited the formation of total HAs at stage of raw,drying,baking and steaming and had different inhibitory effect at every stage.Black pepper had the best inhibitory effect across four stages and inhibition rate reached 65%,69%,66%,84% after each stage.Chilli was the only one had inhibitory effect on both free and protein-bound HAs at every stage and inhibition rate about free and protein-bound HAs reached 38% and 76% in finished sausage.Adding certain spices properly during processing would be helpful to obtain fewer HAs in sausage.
基金The authors acknowledge that this work was financially supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant No.212102310491,No.182102310060)Major Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.161100110600)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632767)Henan Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.001801021)Youth Talents Lifting Project of Henan Province(No.2018HYTP008).
文摘Accurate and rapid determination of nitrite contents is an important step for guaranteeing sausage quality.This study attempted to mine hyperspectral data in the range of 900-1700 nm for non-destructive and rapid prediction of nitrite contents in sausages.The average spectra of 156 samples were collected to relate to the measured nitrite values by partial least squares(PLS)regression.Optimal wavelengths were respectively selected by successive projections algorithm(SPA)and regression coefficients(RC)to simplify the PLS model.The results indicated that PLS model established with 15 optimal wavelengths(900.5 nm,907.1 nm,908.8 nm,912.1 nm,915.4 nm,920.3 nm,922.0 nm,941.7 nm,979.6 nm,1083.2 nm,1213.2 nm,1353.0 nm,1460.2 nm,1595.6 nm and 1699.9 nm)selected by SPA had better performance with r C,r CV,r P of 0.92,0.89,0.89 and RMSEC,RMSECV,RMSEP of 0.41 mg/kg,0.89 mg/kg,0.49 mg/kg,respectively,for calibration set,cross-validation and prediction set.It was concluded that hyperspectral data could be mined by PLS&SPA for realizing the rapid evaluation of nitrite content in ham sausages.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901660 and 32172232)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Heilongjiang Province(2021ZX12B05)。
文摘The traditional dry sausage is highly appreciated in China because of its unique flavor characteristics.This study aimed to characterize and compare the flavor profile of traditional dry sausage,inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB),including Lactobacillus plantarum MDJ2,Lactobacillus sakei HRB10,Lactobacillus curvatus SYS29,Weissella hellenica HRB6,and Lactococcus lactis HRB0 using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with electronic nose (E-nose).The control (non-inoculated) sausage presented higher water activity and moisture content compared to the inoculated sausages whereas,the inoculation led to decreased pH values and increased LAB counts during fermentation of dry sausages.Inoculation with LAB increased volatile compound contents and decreased total contents of free amino acids of sausages.E-nose and sensory analysis confirmed that inoculation with LAB,especially W.hellenica HRB6,Lb.sakei HRB10,and Lb.curvatus SYS29 enriched the pleasant odors of dry sausage.Correlation analysis demonstrated that sausages inoculated with W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 showed a correlation with most of the key volatile compounds.In conclusion,W.hellenica HRB6 and Lb.sakei HRB10 are promising starter cultures to enhance the flavor characteristics of dry sausages.
文摘The study was conducted to explore the possibility of utilization of Terminalia arjuna as a novel natural preservative in meat products by using chevon sausages as a model system.Chevon sausages were prepared by incorporating different levels of T.arjuna viz.T1(0.25%),T2(0.50%)and T3(0.75%)and were assessed for various lipid oxidative stability and storage quality parameters under refrigerated(4±1◦C)conditions.T.arjuna showed a significant(p<0.05)effect on the lipid oxidative stability as the treated products exhibited significantly(p<0.05)lower TBARS(mg malonaldehyde/kg)values in comparison to control.A significant(p<0.05)effect was also observed on the microbial stability as T.arjuna incorporated products showed significantly(p<0.05)lower values for total plate count(log cfu/g),psychrophilic count(log cfu/g),yeast and mould count(log cfu/g)and FFA(%oleic acid)values.Significantly(p<0.05)higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the products incorporated with T.arjuna during refrigerated storage.T.arjuna successfully improved the lipid oxidative stability and storage quality of the model meat product and may be commercially exploited as a novel preservative in muscle foods.
基金supported by the Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year PlanPeriod (2006BAD05A15)
文摘This paper was designed to verify the influence of phosphate on water-holding capacity (WHC) and texture of emulsiontype sausage prepared with pre-rigor meat, ageing meat or frozen meat. Pre-rigor pork, ageing pork and frozen pork were pre-blended with five levels of phosphate and made into emulsion-type sausage. The yield, hardness and total expressible fluid (TEF) were measured with texture profile analysis machine and pressiometer when emulsion-type sausage was produced. Meanwhile, hardness and purge loss (PL) were measured during 30 d storage. As emusion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, higher yield and relatively stable hardness could be found. It indicated that increasing of phosphate level caused an alleviatable effects in increasing of hardness when emulsion-type sausage made by pre-rigor meat, but opposite effects made by ageing meat or frozen meat. The distribution of PL of emulsion-type sausage was found to be affected by phosphate addition. Significant decrease of PL could not be obtained by increasing of phosphate level during storage. Pre-rigor meat improved WHC and texture of emulsion-type sausage. Problem of WHC and texture of emulsiontype sausage during storage could not be resolved by single use of phosphate at relatively higher level (3%) of NaCl.