SAVING WATER IS THE ONLY WAY FOR NORTHWEST CHINA TO SURVIVE

The most restrictive factor in the way of economic prosperity in China’s northwest lies in the lack of water resources.To seek countermeasures against this ages-old scourge of the arid hinterland,the CAS Division of Earth Sciences sponsored a workshop in Beijing on tapping water resources of Chinese northwest in March 1995 and decided to organize an expedition team of CAS members to investigate the water resources there.From August 23 to September 5,1995,the team carried out an on-the-spot survey along a 3,000-kilometre-long itiner-

The Analysis of High Exchange Reserve and High National Saving in China

High resident saving and high foreign exchange reserve are the inevitable products in China during the period from planned economy to market economy, and there is high correlation between them. On the one hand, this kind of economic phenomenon can＇t persist in a long time; on the other hand, to implement relevant fiscal and monetary policy, foreign trade policy, and foreign exchange management policy to change them in view of their negative effects to present economy is one of the present economic tasks.

Survival of patients with gastric cancer surgically treated at the National Cancer Center of China from 2011 to 2018 according to stage at diagnosis

Objective:The postoperative survival rates of patients with gastric cancer at different stages treated at the National Cancer Center(NCC)of China have not been reported.Therefore,we evaluated the survival of patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at the NCC from 2011 to 2018 to provide baseline information for further studies.Methods:We identified 7,301 patients with primary gastric carcinoma who underwent surgery at the NCC be-tween January 2011 and May 2018;among these,5,008 patients were enrolled in this study.Follow up was completed on April 30,2020.We analyzed the 5-year survival according to the stage,sex,age,and other clini-copathological features.Results:Five-year survival rates of patients with pTNM stages ⅠA,ⅠB,ⅡA,ⅡB,ⅢA,ⅢB,ⅢC,and Ⅳ treated at the NCC were 94.9%,91.8%,86.5%,76.1%,61.1%,44.2%,29.7%,and 8.1%,respectively,which were similar to those reported in Japan during the same period.Five-year survival rates of patients with ypTNM stages I,II,III,and IV were 93.1%,63.2%,27.2%,and 0.0%,respectively.In multivariable analysis,age,signet ring cell carcinoma,adjuvant chemotherapy,and degree of differentiation were revealed as important prognostic factors.Conclusion:The survival rates of patients with gastric cancer treated at the NCC have been significantly improved,reaching the levels of Japan in the same period.

Fuel Saving and Emissions Cut Through Shore-Side Power Concept for High-speed Crafts at the Red Sea in Egypt

The progress of economic globalization,the rapid growth of international trade,and the maritime transportation has played an increasingly significant role in the international supply chain.As a result,worldwide seaports have suffered from a central problem,which appears in the form of massive amounts of fuel consumed and exhaust gas fumes emitted from the ships while berthed.Many ports have taken the necessary precautions to overcome this problem,while others still suffer due to the presence of technical and financial constraints.In this paper,the barriers,interconnection standards,rules,regulations,power sources,and economic and environmental analysis related to ships,shore-side power were studied in efforts to find a solution to overcome his problem.As a case study,this paper investigates the practicability,costs and benefits of switching from onboard ship auxiliary engines to shore-side power connection for high-speed crafts called Alkahera while berthed at the port of Safaga,Egypt.The results provide the national electricity grid concept as the best economical selection with 49.03 percent of annual cost saving.Moreover,environmentally,it could achieve an annual reduction in exhaust gas emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,P.M,and SO2by 276,2.32,18.87,0.825 and 3.84 tons,respectively.

Effects of Contractual Savings Scheme on Slovak National Economy

Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.

China’s Rising Labor Remuneration and Evolving National Savings Rate

Cash flow statements suggest that China’s rising labor remuneration has had a major impact on its national savings rate since 2008.Accordingly,this paper proposes labor remuneration hypotheses to explain the evolving trend of China’s national savings rate.We hypothesize that:(1)The certainty and predictability of household labor remuneration have led to excess sensitivity to consumption,with a corresponding decrease in the household savings rate;(2)rising household labor remuneration means a greater share of labor remuneration is paid by firms,resulting in a smaller corporate savings rate;(3)the increase in the payment of labor remuneration by firms as a share of national disposable income has resulted in the government spending more on social welfare and public services resulting in the government having a declining share of disposable income,less propensity to save,and a falling government savings rate.Using China’s provincial panel data of 2008-2016,we performed an empirical test with the minimum wage standard as the instrumental variable to verify the above hypothesis.To cope with economic growth pressures,China needs to shift from an investment-driven to a consumption-driven growth model and prioritize investment efficiency over quantity.

The Public Savings’ Relation With Borrowing Requirement and Financial Balances After Global Crisis in Turkey

In this study, we aim to determine public savings’ structural location in the analysis of effect levels that are related to public borrowing requirement to cope with the deviation of financial balances, especially after 2009 global crisis in Turkey. Public savings as a financial option take up an important place in the scope of expressed government budget balances related to public borrowing requirements which are increasingly located together with budget deficits. This fact especially is pertaining to investments and capital’s transfers that are subject to the public decision making process towards economic growth in the future in developing countries like Turkey. Therefore, increasing public savings’ limits appear on these countries as an inevitable financial phenomenon concerning the desired investments. Turkey, as a developing country, has faced two financial phenomenons that increase borrowing requirement terms that lead to intend financial balances that have generally deviated after 2009 financial crisis. Firstly, it’s increasing foreign debt burden and the public savings’ levels that have not been enough to cover all the proportion of foreign debt payments since 2009. Secondly, the effect level of global crisis on the exchange rates directly causes the deviation of national currency values as a meaningful important negative impact on budget balances that are aimed at together with the macroeconomic financial balances.

A comparison of Chinese,U.S.savings rates

The major statistical difference between the Chinese and U.S.savings rates is that the United States adopts the conceptof a net savings rate, while China adopts the concept of gross savings rate in which savings include asset depreciation.Despite the different statistical calculations, we can come to the following conclusions: i) the savings rate in China hasbeen rising and that of the United States has been falling; ii) the savings rate in China is high and that of the UnitedStates is low; and iii) the household savings rate in China is high and the personal savings rate of the United States islow.The gap between China and the United States’ savings levels reflects residents’ loss of a sense of security, an absenceof enterprises’ social obligations and the enhancement of the government’s power over the whole economy during theprocess of institutional reform in China.Hence, while firmly promoting social-security system reform and advancingnational income allocation system reform, it is of significance in the long term for China to restrain enterprises’ andgovernment’s allocation behaviors and prevent public department interests from being solidified.

“巴蜀文化”学术概念的提出与区域文化史研究系统的再造

1941年《说文月刊》首倡“巴蜀文化”学术概念,引发了巴蜀文化研究热潮,一时成为学术风尚,并对区域文化史研究产生了冲击,在一定程度上推动了中国文化史研究系统的再造。区域文化史成为一个新的学术分支,巴蜀文化、吴越文化等区域文化成为独立的学术概念,并逐渐为人们所认同。“巴蜀文化”作为学术概念提出并引发相关研究热,有着深层次的社会原因,一是与晚清至民国救亡图存背景下中国文化研究热的兴起有关,二是与现代考古学在中国的发展有着直接的关系。在此背景下,部分学人突破了以中原文化史代替中国文化史的研究范式,增强了对中国历史文化空间向度的认识。尽管“巴蜀文化”概念提出之初,不少学人对巴蜀文化概念的认识还颇多分歧,并产生了学术争鸣,但众多学者最终还是认同了这个新的学术概念,由此推动了巴蜀文化以及其他区域文化史研究的兴起,增强了学术界对中国文化多元一体的整体认知。

民国时期“国术救国”的话语构建及演进逻辑——以《中央国术馆馆刊》史料文本为中心的考察

民国时期,中央国术馆以《中央国术馆馆刊》为舆论阵地构建了“国术救国”的时代话语体系。运用文献资料、逻辑分析和史学考证等方法,对《中央国术馆馆刊》的史料文本进行分析,力图探究该时期“国术救国”话语体系何以构建及以何逻辑不断演进。在构建路径上,研究发现:馆刊利用宗旨阐明与内容指引明确了“国术救国”的话语导向;借助名人造势与热点渲染强化了“国术救国”的话语表达;最后通过理论建设与行动探索展开“国术救国”的话语实践并成功形塑起“国术救国”的话语体系。进一步探究民国时期“国术救国”话语的演进逻辑,认为:从国家层面看是出于危机压迫下对公民身体的政治征用;从民族层面看是由于思潮冲击下民族自信的文化坚守;从社会层面看则是时代推进下由德而力的势能释放。国家、民族、社会的三重因素是“国术救国”话语演进的逻辑起点和历史起点。

古典主义与现代主义的融会创造——郝御风新诗谫论

郝御风是20世纪30年代北平“前线诗人”的代表,也是文名籍籍的“清华三诗人”之一。他“埋头诗国”,在凋亡的现实与寂寞的时代面前,希求文艺不再躲避,而是抓住社会核心,带来“新空气”,发出“新呼声”,完成对新文学“努力创造的义务”。他以新的角度和眼光将中国古典诗歌美学与现代主义诗歌化合,达到真实且独具个人风格的“诗的世界”。他的现代新诗,善于从日常生活中发现诗情,将意象放在灵魂位置暗示情绪与哲思,使得再深再强的诗情也有了具体可感的依托。在强烈的自觉继承与创新意识下,他以“本土”的立场自觉融合“外来”思潮,肩负起创造新诗的重任,在“古人”及“外人”之间不断穿行、偏移、寻找和吸纳,每一次在“民族性”与“现代性”中的沉思与仰视,都深切关系着个人与国家的命运走向。

抗日战争时期“工程救国”思潮研究初探——以中国工程师学会为中心

本文立足相关研究文献、回忆文章等,讨论了抗战时期“工程救国”思潮兴起的缘起、内涵及作用,并对工程师形象问题进行探讨。研究表明,“工程救国”思潮,是在近代救亡图存与传播工程学术双重动力驱动下,脱胎于科学救国思潮、萌芽于抗战救国思潮之中,希望以工程师实践和精神特征来挽救国家的一种社会主张。从工程社会史角度看,这一思潮得益于中国工程师学会借助政治权威,以《工程周刊》作为面向公众舆论渠道,形塑了工程师救国的形象,并以“工程师节”“工程师信条”进一步与政治权威联系,也为抗战救国和工程师的价值规范塑造提供裨益,是工程社会思想与抗战救国相结合的侧面反映。

中国国家安全学理论体系建构:逻辑起点、核心概念与基本范畴

推进中国国家安全学学科建设,需要从学科体系和理论体系两个层面进行,理论体系建设是学科建设的基础和动力,是中国国家安全学学科建设的当务之急。国内学术界关于国家安全学理论体系建设的观点可以分为逻辑起点论和核心概念论两大类,两种观点对国家安全学理论体系建设都提出了独到见解,当然也存在不足。本文在评析这两种观点基础上,提出逻辑起点、核心概念和基本范畴构成国家安全学理论体系的“硬核”。构建国家安全学理论体系需要从逻辑起点、核心概念到基本范畴进行演绎推理,核心概念的界定依据逻辑起点,基本范畴的内涵是核心概念内涵的延伸,这是一个从抽象到具体的过程。本文认为“国家生存”是国家安全学理论体系的逻辑起点,在确定逻辑起点基础上,对国家安全学理论体系的核心概念“国家安全”进行界定,明确了“国家安全”的内涵与外延。范畴是概念群,国家安全学理论体系的基本范畴可以分为本体论范畴、主体论范畴、客体论范畴、观念论范畴、实践论范畴和价值论范畴。这些范畴或者概念群与逻辑起点、核心概念共同构成中国国家安全学理论体系框架。

考虑多种攻击策略的国防工程电力系统网架生存性评估

针对战时国防工程电力系统网架技术性能评估问题,尤其是生存性指标量化评估问题,提出了国防工程电力系统网架生存性多指标综合评价方法,从抗毁性、安全性和恢复性3个维度衡量国防工程电力系统网架生存性,并考虑敌方可能采取的多种攻击策略,得到国防工程电力系统网架生存性量化指标随等效攻击波次变化曲线,可对国防工程电力系统网架的运行和改进决策提供分析方法和工具;并采用该方法对某国防工程电力系统网架进行仿真实验,实验结果表明,该方法可有效评估多种攻击策略下的国防工程电力系统网架的生存性,网架结构信息保密和网架防护等级对国防工程电力系统网架生存性有较大影响。

实用理性:近代中国体育思想演变的文化动因

基于历史文化学视角,尝试探讨实用理性传统对近代中国体育思想发展演变的影响,为索解近代中国体育思想的历史图景,补充一种新的文化解释。研究认为:近代中国体育思想演变带有工具理性、实用功利、多元速变和互动融合等特色。孕育于巫礼文化的中国实用理性传统,是影响近代中国体育思想演变的内缘性文化因子,具体表现在经世致用的思维方式确立了演变的主题、实用实效的价值取向引导了演变的方向、以变求进的人生态度加速了演变的过程、求同化异的实践方式影响了演变的结果,这对近代中国体育的发展既有贡献也有阻碍。因此,在文化自觉和体育强国建设的时代语境下,需要淡化传统的工具理性色彩,加强体育基础理论创新;克服急功近利的价值取向,遵循体育发展内在规律;坚持主动识变和应变求变,推进深化体育领域改革创新;承续兼收并蓄的优良传统,推动中外体育思想交流互鉴。

从陶行知“教育救国”到新时代教育强国:教育的时代使命与担当

教育是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石,在不同时代肩负着不同的责任与使命。近代中国,以陶行知为代表的教育家们开启了“教育救国”运动。新时代,教育的社会功能因时而生,应运而变。陶行知通过改革乡村教育、建立生活教育体系、推动科学教育下嫁,希望以教育改变社会,挽救国家。在新时代,要以教兴国、以教化人、以教育才、以教立世,建立教育强国,助力中华民族伟大复兴。分析以陶行知为代表的“教育救国”思想对于新时代教育强国的建设,具有重要的启示。

1944年中山大学青年群体参加东江纵队原因探析

1944年夏秋之际,中山大学200多名进步青年先后投笔从戎,积极加入东江纵队这支坚持抗日的中共广东武装力量,是抗战时期华南教育史与广东青运史上的光辉一页。该事件之所以能够发生,除了部分青年具有中共党员身份与中共广东临委提前做过组织动员之外,还有中大存在孕育进步青年的沃土、中共粤北省委主动加强中大党的建设工作、中大共产党员出色的统战工作以及“抗日救亡”时代使命的正向感召等因素。

Carcinosarcoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses:Review of the national cancer database

Background:Carcinosarcomas are rare,aggressive malignancies that can arise in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.There are limited outcome data available.Accordingly,we sought to use the National Cancer Database(NCDB)to characterize patient demographics and outcomes.Method:A retrospective analysis of the NCDB from 2004 to 2016 for patients with sinonasal carcinosarcoma was conducted.Results:Thirty patients were included.The patients were predominantly male(n=20),white(n=23),and privately insured(n=15),with an average age of 62.4 years.The nasal cavity was the most common subsite(n=14),followed by the maxillary sinus(n=8).Most patient were treated with surgery followed by radiation(n=23),with the remaining undergoing surgery alone(n=4),radiation alone(n=2),or no treatment(n=1).One-third(n=10)received adjuvant chemotherapy.The 1-and 5-year overall survival(OS)in the cohort were 79.2%and 43.3%,respectively.Univariate log-rank testing showed OS varied based on intervention(P<0.029),sex(P<0.042),and age(P<0.025),while on multivariate analysis none of these factors independently predicted OS.Conclusions:We describe the demographics and presenting features of a national cohort of sinonasal carcinosarcoma patients.Future research is needed to identify predictors of overall survival,and to assess the optimal roles for radiation and systemic chemotherapy.

新形势下公路工程建设全过程的节约集约用地策略研究

国土空间规划管控新形势下,节约集约用地是维护国家粮食安全的必要选择,也是落实全面节约战略的内在要求。本文对公路工程建设全过程用地事项进行梳理,分析公路工程建设节约集约用地存在的问题,并提出公路工程建设全过程节约集约用地策略。总体来说,要加强规划统筹,做好空间适配,推进工作协同,落实监测监管。

救国与兴邦:上海美专国难宣传团的西北行

上海美专国难宣传团的旅行宣传是由沈逸千组织的一次带有宣传与考察性质的活动,其中沈逸千只身出塞的西北考察是此次国难宣传团行程的重要组成部分。文章通过对沈逸千西北行成果摄影、绘画作品的梳理分析,结合民族危机与开发西北的时代背景,发现他对西北边疆的民族关系与工业发展最为关注,并积极进行了抗战动员和西北实业发展的推动。其西北行是在民族危机背景下塑造民族认同与动员抗战的视觉实践,同时也是在实业救国主张下美术与工业结合的考察实践,为建立起连结国家与人民、边疆与内地的桥梁做出重要贡献。