The dune aurora,at a scale of~30 kilometers,was reported recently using ground camera.The small-scale dune aurora occurs on the duskside and exhibits a monochromatic oscillation in the auroral emission,implying fundam...The dune aurora,at a scale of~30 kilometers,was reported recently using ground camera.The small-scale dune aurora occurs on the duskside and exhibits a monochromatic oscillation in the auroral emission,implying fundamental energy conversions.However,whether the dune auroras correspond to atmospheric waves or are associated with magnetospheric dynamics should be determined.This paper reports a dune aurora that occurred during a storm;further,we demonstrate that it was the substructure of the sawtooth aurora that was generated by plasmapause surface waves.Conjugate observations in the magnetospheric source region suggest that the exohiss waves,which are periodically modulated by the plasmapause surface wave-excited ultralow frequency wave,might be responsible for the generation of the dune aurora.Most reported dune aurora events have occurred simultaneously with sawtooth auroras,suggesting that both are plasmapause-driven cross-scale auroral structures.展开更多
The detailed density perturbations provided by the advanced polarimeter-interferometer system(Polaris) during sawtooth collapse on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) are reported in this article.During a saw...The detailed density perturbations provided by the advanced polarimeter-interferometer system(Polaris) during sawtooth collapse on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) are reported in this article.During a sawtooth collapse and the crash of plasma pressure at the center,it is found that the increase in density in the region between the inversion radius and mixing radius is poloidally asymmetrical,while the increase in temperature is poloidally symmetrical.The poloidal location where the density increases is dependent on the phase of the precursory m/n=1/1 kink mode.It is always out of phase with the hot core of the m/n=1/1 mode.The behaviors of density perturbations during sawtooth collapse observed in J-TEXT are beyond the expectations of the standard model,and this can shed new light on the understanding of sawtooth collapse.展开更多
Enhancements of edge zonal flows,radial electric fields,and turbulence are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heating-heated plasmas(Zhao et al 2013 Nucl.Fusion 53083011).In this paper,the effects of sawtooth he...Enhancements of edge zonal flows,radial electric fields,and turbulence are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heating-heated plasmas(Zhao et al 2013 Nucl.Fusion 53083011).In this paper,the effects of sawtooth heat pulses on flows and turbulence are presented.These experiments are performed using multiple Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak.The edge zonal flows,radial electric fields,and turbulence are all enhanced by sawteeth.Propagation of the zonal flow and turbulence intensities is also observed.The delay time of the maximal intensity of the electric fields,zonal flows,and turbulence with respect to the sawtooth crashes is estimated as~1 ms and comparable to that of the sawtooth-triggered intermediate phases.Not only the zonal flows but also the radial electric fields lag behind the turbulence.Furthermore,the intensities of both the zonal flows and electric fields nearly linearly increase/decrease with the increase/decrease of the turbulence intensity.A double-source predator-prey model analysis suggests that a relatively strong turbulence source may contribute to the dominant zonal flow formation during sawtooth cycles.展开更多
We study the escape problem of a bistable sawtooth system driven by correlated multiplicative and additive white noises.Exact analytic representation of the relative escape rate is obtained.Some novel phenomena are fo...We study the escape problem of a bistable sawtooth system driven by correlated multiplicative and additive white noises.Exact analytic representation of the relative escape rate is obtained.Some novel phenomena are found from the calculation result;“suppression platform”appears in the relative escape rate when the noise correlation coefficientλis positive.Moreover,for small positive values ofλ,the relative escape rate exhibits“suppression platform”and then“resonant activation”with the increasing noise strength ratio R.展开更多
We investigate the performances of the near-ultraviolet（about 350 nm-360 nm） light-emitting diodes（LEDs） each with specifically designed irregular sawtooth electron blocking layer（EBL） by using the APSYS simulat...We investigate the performances of the near-ultraviolet（about 350 nm-360 nm） light-emitting diodes（LEDs） each with specifically designed irregular sawtooth electron blocking layer（EBL） by using the APSYS simulation program.The internal quantum efficiencies（IQEs）,light output powers,carrier concentrations in the quantum wells,energy-band diagrams,and electrostatic fields are analyzed carefully.The results indicate that the LEDs with composition-graded pAlxGa1-xN irregular sawtooth EBLs have better performances than their counterparts with stationary component p-AlGaN EBLs.The improvements can be attributed to the improved polarization field in EBL and active region as well as the alleviation of band bending in the EBL/p-AlGaN interface,which results in less electron leakage and better hole injection efficiency,thus reducing efficiency droop and enhancing the radiative recombination rate.展开更多
It is the first time so far as we know that two arrays of multi-channel soft x-ray detectors are used to generate twodimensional （2D） images of sawtooth oscillation on the HT-7 tokamak using the Fourier-Bessel harmo...It is the first time so far as we know that two arrays of multi-channel soft x-ray detectors are used to generate twodimensional （2D） images of sawtooth oscillation on the HT-7 tokamak using the Fourier-Bessel harmonic reconstruction method, and using the singular value decomposition to analyse the data from soft x-ray cameras. By these two arrays, 2D image reconstruction of soft x-ray emissivity can be obtained without assumption of plasma rigid rotation. Tomographic reconstruction of the m=1 mode structure is obtained during the precursor oscillation of the sawtooth crash. The crescent-shaped mode structure appearing on the contour map of the soft x-ray emissivity is consistent with the quasiinterchange mode. The characteristics of the m=1/n=1 mode structure observed in the soft x-ray tomography are as follows： the magnetic surface is made up of the crescent-shaped “hot core” and the circular “cold bubble”. The structure of the magnetic surface rotates in the direction of the electron diamagnetic drift and the rotation frequency is the oscillation frequency of soft x-ray signals.展开更多
Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: th...Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.展开更多
A compound sawtooth with an incomplete relaxation was observed in EAST＇s lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） plasma. The sub-crash phase of the compound sawtooth corresponds to a longer-lasting and slower-growing 1/1...A compound sawtooth with an incomplete relaxation was observed in EAST＇s lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） plasma. The sub-crash phase of the compound sawtooth corresponds to a longer-lasting and slower-growing 1/1 mode. Based on the two-dimensional （2D） SXR tomography, the time-dependent 2D image of a compound sawtooth crash is obtained. The island produced during a resistive internal kink mode is observed in the all crash phases of the compound sawtooth. The destabilization of 1/I long-lasting saturated 1/1 mode is related to the current driven by the LHCD near the q = 1 surface.展开更多
Sawtooth control experiments were performed on HT-7 with a limiter configuration and on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） with a double null con- figuration. The sawtooth period can be modifie...Sawtooth control experiments were performed on HT-7 with a limiter configuration and on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） with a double null con- figuration. The sawtooth period can be modified by lower hybrid wave （LHW） and ion cyclotron resonance frequency （ICRF）. Different sawtooth behavior was observed with the same plasma density, LHW power but different plasma currents on HT-7. There was a dwell time between LHW added and the sawtooth stabilization on HT-7 while the sawtooth stabilization immediately happened when LHW power was injected on EAST. The possible mechanism of the sawtooth control is discussed in this paper. All the experimental results have proved that power deposition of the radio frequency （RF） should be the key factor for sawtooth control.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42222408,41931073)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2021027)supported by the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant IGGCAS-201904).
文摘The dune aurora,at a scale of~30 kilometers,was reported recently using ground camera.The small-scale dune aurora occurs on the duskside and exhibits a monochromatic oscillation in the auroral emission,implying fundamental energy conversions.However,whether the dune auroras correspond to atmospheric waves or are associated with magnetospheric dynamics should be determined.This paper reports a dune aurora that occurred during a storm;further,we demonstrate that it was the substructure of the sawtooth aurora that was generated by plasmapause surface waves.Conjugate observations in the magnetospheric source region suggest that the exohiss waves,which are periodically modulated by the plasmapause surface wave-excited ultralow frequency wave,might be responsible for the generation of the dune aurora.Most reported dune aurora events have occurred simultaneously with sawtooth auroras,suggesting that both are plasmapause-driven cross-scale auroral structures.
基金supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program of China (No.2018YFE0310300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51821005)。
文摘The detailed density perturbations provided by the advanced polarimeter-interferometer system(Polaris) during sawtooth collapse on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) are reported in this article.During a sawtooth collapse and the crash of plasma pressure at the center,it is found that the increase in density in the region between the inversion radius and mixing radius is poloidally asymmetrical,while the increase in temperature is poloidally symmetrical.The poloidal location where the density increases is dependent on the phase of the precursory m/n=1/1 kink mode.It is always out of phase with the hot core of the m/n=1/1 mode.The behaviors of density perturbations during sawtooth collapse observed in J-TEXT are beyond the expectations of the standard model,and this can shed new light on the understanding of sawtooth collapse.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12075057,11775069,11320101005,and 11875020)National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2017YFE0301201)+3 种基金East China University of Technology,Doctoral Foundation(Nos.DHBK 2017134 and DHBK 2018059)Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(Nos.15H02155,15H02335,21K03513)Landmark Achievements in Nuclear Science and Technology(No.xxkjs2018011)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Nos.20202ACBL201002 and 0192ACB80006)。
文摘Enhancements of edge zonal flows,radial electric fields,and turbulence are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heating-heated plasmas(Zhao et al 2013 Nucl.Fusion 53083011).In this paper,the effects of sawtooth heat pulses on flows and turbulence are presented.These experiments are performed using multiple Langmuir probe arrays in the edge plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak.The edge zonal flows,radial electric fields,and turbulence are all enhanced by sawteeth.Propagation of the zonal flow and turbulence intensities is also observed.The delay time of the maximal intensity of the electric fields,zonal flows,and turbulence with respect to the sawtooth crashes is estimated as~1 ms and comparable to that of the sawtooth-triggered intermediate phases.Not only the zonal flows but also the radial electric fields lag behind the turbulence.Furthermore,the intensities of both the zonal flows and electric fields nearly linearly increase/decrease with the increase/decrease of the turbulence intensity.A double-source predator-prey model analysis suggests that a relatively strong turbulence source may contribute to the dominant zonal flow formation during sawtooth cycles.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.19975020。
文摘We study the escape problem of a bistable sawtooth system driven by correlated multiplicative and additive white noises.Exact analytic representation of the relative escape rate is obtained.Some novel phenomena are found from the calculation result;“suppression platform”appears in the relative escape rate when the noise correlation coefficientλis positive.Moreover,for small positive values ofλ,the relative escape rate exhibits“suppression platform”and then“resonant activation”with the increasing noise strength ratio R.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474105 and 51172079)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.2015B090903078 and 2015B010105011)+2 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,China(Grant No.IRT13064)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou City,China(Grant No.201607010246)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2015A010105025)
文摘We investigate the performances of the near-ultraviolet（about 350 nm-360 nm） light-emitting diodes（LEDs） each with specifically designed irregular sawtooth electron blocking layer（EBL） by using the APSYS simulation program.The internal quantum efficiencies（IQEs）,light output powers,carrier concentrations in the quantum wells,energy-band diagrams,and electrostatic fields are analyzed carefully.The results indicate that the LEDs with composition-graded pAlxGa1-xN irregular sawtooth EBLs have better performances than their counterparts with stationary component p-AlGaN EBLs.The improvements can be attributed to the improved polarization field in EBL and active region as well as the alleviation of band bending in the EBL/p-AlGaN interface,which results in less electron leakage and better hole injection efficiency,thus reducing efficiency droop and enhancing the radiative recombination rate.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10375070 and 10305012）.
文摘It is the first time so far as we know that two arrays of multi-channel soft x-ray detectors are used to generate twodimensional （2D） images of sawtooth oscillation on the HT-7 tokamak using the Fourier-Bessel harmonic reconstruction method, and using the singular value decomposition to analyse the data from soft x-ray cameras. By these two arrays, 2D image reconstruction of soft x-ray emissivity can be obtained without assumption of plasma rigid rotation. Tomographic reconstruction of the m=1 mode structure is obtained during the precursor oscillation of the sawtooth crash. The crescent-shaped mode structure appearing on the contour map of the soft x-ray emissivity is consistent with the quasiinterchange mode. The characteristics of the m=1/n=1 mode structure observed in the soft x-ray tomography are as follows： the magnetic surface is made up of the crescent-shaped “hot core” and the circular “cold bubble”. The structure of the magnetic surface rotates in the direction of the electron diamagnetic drift and the rotation frequency is the oscillation frequency of soft x-ray signals.
基金the Chinese Nature Science Funds under contract! number 19789501.
文摘Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.
基金Project partially supported by the JSPS-NRF-NSFCA3 Foresight Program in the Field of Plasma Physics(NSFC)(Grant No.11261140328)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10935004)
文摘A compound sawtooth with an incomplete relaxation was observed in EAST＇s lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） plasma. The sub-crash phase of the compound sawtooth corresponds to a longer-lasting and slower-growing 1/1 mode. Based on the two-dimensional （2D） SXR tomography, the time-dependent 2D image of a compound sawtooth crash is obtained. The island produced during a resistive internal kink mode is observed in the all crash phases of the compound sawtooth. The destabilization of 1/I long-lasting saturated 1/1 mode is related to the current driven by the LHCD near the q = 1 surface.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China (Nos. 2010GB106000, 2010GB106001)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11021565)
文摘Sawtooth control experiments were performed on HT-7 with a limiter configuration and on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak （EAST） with a double null con- figuration. The sawtooth period can be modified by lower hybrid wave （LHW） and ion cyclotron resonance frequency （ICRF）. Different sawtooth behavior was observed with the same plasma density, LHW power but different plasma currents on HT-7. There was a dwell time between LHW added and the sawtooth stabilization on HT-7 while the sawtooth stabilization immediately happened when LHW power was injected on EAST. The possible mechanism of the sawtooth control is discussed in this paper. All the experimental results have proved that power deposition of the radio frequency （RF） should be the key factor for sawtooth control.
