Effects of Planting Methods and Seed Density on Vegetable Yield and Nutrient Composition of <i>Solanum macrocarpon</i>and <i>Solanum scabrum</i>in Southwest Nigeria

Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nigeria. Two planting methods (drilling and broadcasting), and two seed densities (4 and 8 table spoon full) were investigated as a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four seed spoons gave 25.78 kg seeds ha-1 for S. macrocarpon and 20.67 kg·seeds·ha-1 for S. scabrum. Significant highest S. macrocarpon shoots (2.75 kg·m-2) and Ca, K, Fe and Zn contents and S. scabrum (2.95 kg·m-2) and Zn content, were obtained with drilling and four spoons of seeds compared with broadcasting and 8 spoons of seeds. This treatment gave average values for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca/P and Na/K ratio were 2.79%, 0.03%, 3.37%, 1.64%, 0.02%, 300 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, 8 mg·kg-1, 1.22 and 0.008 for S. macrocarpon and 2.05%, 0.27%, 5.81%, 3.27%, 2.91%, 0.09%, 280 mg·kg-1, 52.99 mg·kg-1, 359.35 mg·kg-1 and 22.42 mg·kg-1, 11.63 and 0.016 for S. scabrum. It was concluded that planting in drilling made weeding, fertilizer application, irrigation and harvesting more effective rather than by broadcasting, and four spoons of seeds per 9 m-2 produced deep green and broader leaves and balanced nutrient contents than eight spoons of seeds.

Effects of Different Geographical Aspects and Ontogenetic Variability on Total Hypericin Content of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. and Hypericum scabrum L.

The present study was conducted to determine the total hypericin contents of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.and Hypericum scabrum L.species which are naturally distributed in the flora of Siirt province,Turkey.Hypericin contents of Hypericum species grown in different geographical aspects(North,South,East,and West),and it was measured at different harvest times(full bloom-ing and post blooming period).In the current study,it has been determined that total hypericin content varies considerably according to aspects,plant developmental stages(ontogenetic variance),and species.According to species x aspect interaction,the highest total hypericin content was recorded from the west aspect(3.13 mg/g)in Hypericum triquetrifolium,while,the lowest hypericin content was also obtained from the west aspect(1.22 mg/g)in Hypericum scabrum.When the highest total hypericin content was analyzed according to aspect x species x harvest time interaction,the highest total hypericin content was produced from Hypericum triquetrifolium at the harvest of west aspect with 5.28 mg/g,while the minimum amount of hypericin was obtained from the same aspect in Hypericum scabrum with 0.50 mg/g.In species x harvest time interaction,the highest total hypericin content was obtained from the full bloom(3.10 mg/g)harvest in Hypericum triquetrifolium,while the lowest hypericin was obtained from the full bloom(1.26 mg/g)harvest in Hypericum scabrum.The data suggest that the aver-age total hypericin content was 2.26 mg/g in Hypericum triquetrifolium and 1.28 mg/g in Hypericum scabrum.

Three new decarbonyl prenylphloroglucinols bearing unusual spirost subunits from Hypericum scabrum and their neuronal activities

Three novel polycyclic polyprenyled acylphloroglucinols,Hyperscabins A-C,were obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum.They featured an unprecedented 5,5-spiro ketal subunit with the loss of C-2’carbonyl in the phloroglucinol ring.Their structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic analyses,NMR calculations with DP4+analysis,calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra and the application of modified Mosher’s methods.In the assay of[^(3)H]-5-HT and[^(3)H]-NE reuptake inhibition,compounds 1 and 2 showed good inhibito ry activity(81.8%and 83.2%)in 10μmol/L.In addition,compound 1 significantly increased cell viability in the experiment of oxygen and glucose deprivation/deoxygenation.

发现于浙江的2个华东归化植物新记录

报道了发现于浙江的归化植物1个属、2个种,其中百脉根属Lotus L.和百脉根L.corniculatus L.为华东归化植物新记录,木龙葵Solanum scabrum Mill.系补遗。描述了它们的形态特征与生境,指出了与相近类群的主要区别,并附有彩色照片。凭证标本藏于浙江自然博物院(ZM)。

2种牛肝菌的生理学特性及抗盐碱性

对美味牛肝菌和褐疣柄牛肝菌在不同培养基、不同梯度的培养温度、不同pH值条件、不同碳 (C)源和氮(N)源下的生长特性以及抗盐碱性进行了研究。结果表明 :美味牛肝菌适合在MMN培养基上生长 ,褐疣柄牛肝菌适合在PDA、MMN和MRD上生长 ;2菌种适生pH值范围为 4～ 9,最适pH值为 5～ 6 ,最适生长温度为 2 5～ 30℃ ;美味牛肝菌利用最好的C源是葡萄糖和淀粉 ,而褐疣柄牛肝菌利用最好的C源是葡萄糖 ;2菌种对供试的有机N源均利用较好 ,尤以牛肉浸膏为最佳 ;无机N源中 ,2菌种对 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 和KNO3利用较好。抗盐碱性试验表明 :2菌种有一定的抗盐碱能力 ,但pH和盐的双胁迫作用显然对菌丝体生长影响显著 ,菌丝体干质量下降较为明显。

糙枝金丝桃抗氧化活性的研究

通过测定糙枝金丝桃提取物对DPPH自由基(DPPH.),羟基自由基(.OH),超氧自由基(O2-.)的清除能力研究了糙枝金丝桃的抗氧化活性。结果表明:糙枝金丝桃对DPPH自由基(DPPH.),羟基自由基(.OH),超氧自由基(O2-.)有着良好的清除能力,即糙枝金丝桃提取物具有良好的抗氧化活性。

糙枝金丝桃药材质量标准的研究

目的:建立糙枝金丝桃药材质量标准,为该药的开发利用提供科学依据。方法:进行生药学研究,测定水分、灰分,薄层色谱鉴别,HPLC测定金丝桃苷的含量。结果:对糙枝金丝桃药材的性状、显微特征进行描述;供试品TLC色谱可显出金丝桃苷和芦丁的斑点,金丝桃苷的平均含量为0.424%。结论:实验结果可作为糙枝金丝桃药材的质量控制标准。

糙枝金丝桃药材提取方法研究

目的确立糙枝金丝桃药材的最佳提取方法。方法通过单因素考察,分析提取溶剂和方法、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取次数等因素对金丝桃苷提取率的影响,并在此基础上进行正交试验,以金丝桃苷为对照品,用HPLC法测定含量,优化提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶50,95℃水浴中回流30min,乙醇浓度70%,此条件下糙枝金丝桃中金丝桃苷含量为3.35mg/g。结论本方法简便可行,重复性好,可作为糙枝金丝桃药材的提取方法。

糙枝金丝桃乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分研究

目的:对糙枝金丝桃Hypericum scabrum L.地上部分95%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行研究。方法:通过硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、ODS中压液相色谱和制备型高效液相等色谱方法分离纯化,结合理化常数和波谱学数据确定化合物结构。结果:从糙枝金丝桃乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离并鉴定了15个化合物,分别为:槲皮素(1)、木犀草素(2)、芦丁(3)、金丝桃苷(4)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(5)、3,8″-bisapigenin(6)、丁香树脂醇(7)、(+)-松脂醇(8)、4-酮松脂醇(9)、1,2,4-苯三酚(10)、blumenol A(11)、methyl rosmarinate(12)、jaboticabin(13)、5-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester(14)、3-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester(15)。结论:其中,化合物10~13为首次从金丝桃属植物中分离得到,化合物7~15为首次从该植物中分离得到。

糙枝金丝桃间苯三酚类成分的研究

对藤黄科金丝桃属植物糙枝金丝桃Hypericum scabrum地上部分的化学成分进行了研究。利用多种色谱技术从糙枝金丝桃乙醇提取物中分离得到了10个间苯三酚类成分,包括1个新化合物,命名为hyperibrin H(1);其他化合物被分别鉴定为hypermongone A(2)、hypermongone E(3)、hypermongone F(4)、hypermongone G(5)、hypermongone H(6)、sampsonione L(7)、garcinielliptone I(8)、propolone C(9)、garcinielliptone N(10)。化合物2~10均为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物5和6在10μM浓度下对谷氨酸诱导的神经元损伤具有保护作用。

HPLC测定糙枝金丝桃中绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素和山奈酚

目的:建立高效液相色谱法同时测定糙枝金丝桃药材中绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、山奈酚的分析方法。方法:用Sunfire C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离;乙腈-0.1%磷酸进行梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长360 nm。结果:绿原酸、芦丁、金丝桃苷、槲皮素、山奈酚分别在0.01～0.61μg(r=0.999 6),0.10～2.02μg(r=0.999 7),0.10～1.01μg(r=0.999 9),0.10～1.24μg(r=0.999 7),0.005 7～0.17μg(r=0.999 7)线性关系良好;平均加样回收率分别为98.87%(RSD 1.43%),99.81%(RSD 0.86%),99.98%(RSD 0.82%),98.8%(RSD 1.73%),99.85(1.79%)。结论:该方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于糙枝金丝桃药材的质量控制。