Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the n...Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the number of vulnerabilities in combination with security risk management entropy. However, vulnerabilities can be either local or non-local, where the former is confined to networked elements and the latter results from interactions between elements. Furthermore, interactions involve multiple methods of communication, where each method can contain vulnerabilities specific to that method. Importantly, the number of possible interactions scales quadratically with the number of elements in standard network topologies. Minimizing these interactions can significantly reduce the number of vulnerabilities and the accompanying complexity. Two network configurations that yield sub-quadratic and linear scaling relations are presented.展开更多
Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this ...Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this study was to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Death Depression Scale with an Iranian convenience sample of nurses (n =106).Methods: Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method, and completed the Death Depression Scale (DDS), Death Concern Scale (DCS), Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CLFDS), Reasons for Death Fear Scale (RDFS), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Death Obsession Scale (DOS). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis on DDS identified 4 factors (56.16%of variance). Factor 1 labeled"Death sadness", Factor 2 labeled"Death finality/end and Death dread/fear", Factor 3 labeled"Death despair and Death depression", and Factor 4 labeled"Death loneliness". Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.84, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.85, and Guttman Split-Half coefficient 0.81 The DDS correlated 0.40 with the DCS, 0.39 with the CLFDS, 0.50 with the DAS, 0.35 with the RDFS, and 0.44 with the DOS, indicating good construct and criterion-related validity. Concurrent validity for the DDS with the other scales were significant. Conclusions: The DDS has good validity and reliability, and it can use in clinical and research settings.展开更多
The non-linear forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams excited by the vibration of the supporting foundation is investigated. A non-linear partial-differential equation governing the transverse motion is...The non-linear forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams excited by the vibration of the supporting foundation is investigated. A non-linear partial-differential equation governing the transverse motion is derived from the dynamical, constitutive equations and geometrical relations. By referring to the quasi-static stretch assumption, the partial-differential non-linearity is reduced to an integro-partial-differential one. The method of multiple scales is directly applied to the governing equations with the two types of non-linearity, respectively. The amplitude of near- and exact-resonant steady state is analyzed by use of the solvability condition of eliminating secular terms. Numerical results are presented to show the contributions of foundation vibration amplitude, viscoelastic damping, and nonlinearity to the response amplitude for the first and the second mode.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the oscillatory behavior of a class of third-order noonlinear variable delay neutral functional dynamic equations on time scale. By using the generalized Riccati transformation and inequal...This paper is concerned with the oscillatory behavior of a class of third-order noonlinear variable delay neutral functional dynamic equations on time scale. By using the generalized Riccati transformation and inequality technique, we establish some new oscilla- tion criteria for the equations. Our results extend and improve some known results, but also unify the oscillation of third-order nonlinear variable delay functional differential equations and functional difference equations with a nonlinear neutral term. Some examples are given to illustrate the importance of our results.展开更多
Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death F...Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.展开更多
In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate...In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate of the large scale structures in the mixing layers was calculated. Then, using the much improved weakly non-linear theory, combined with the energy method, the non-linear evolution of large scale structures in two special mixing layer configurations is calculated. One of the mixing lavers has equal magnitudes of the upstream velocity vectors, while the angles between the velocity vectors and the trailing edge were pi /2 - phi and pi /2 + phi, respectively. The other mixing layer was generated by a splitter-plate with a 45-degree-sweep trailing edge.展开更多
In this paper, an innovative Genetic Algorithms (GA)-based inexact non-linear programming (GAINLP) problem solving approach has been proposed for solving non-linear programming optimization problems with inexact infor...In this paper, an innovative Genetic Algorithms (GA)-based inexact non-linear programming (GAINLP) problem solving approach has been proposed for solving non-linear programming optimization problems with inexact information (inexact non-linear operation programming). GAINLP was developed based on a GA-based inexact quadratic solving method. The Genetic Algorithm Solver of the Global Optimization Toolbox (GASGOT) developed by MATLABTM was adopted as the implementation environment of this study. GAINLP was applied to a municipality solid waste management case. The results from different scenarios indicated that the proposed GA-based heuristic optimization approach was able to generate a solution for a complicated nonlinear problem, which also involved uncertainty.展开更多
文摘Elementary information theory is used to model cybersecurity complexity, where the model assumes that security risk management is a binomial stochastic process. Complexity is shown to increase exponentially with the number of vulnerabilities in combination with security risk management entropy. However, vulnerabilities can be either local or non-local, where the former is confined to networked elements and the latter results from interactions between elements. Furthermore, interactions involve multiple methods of communication, where each method can contain vulnerabilities specific to that method. Importantly, the number of possible interactions scales quadratically with the number of elements in standard network topologies. Minimizing these interactions can significantly reduce the number of vulnerabilities and the accompanying complexity. Two network configurations that yield sub-quadratic and linear scaling relations are presented.
文摘Objective: Death depression is an important component in the process of death and dying. Death depression is the second element of death. Depression is one of the important features in death distress. The aim of this study was to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Death Depression Scale with an Iranian convenience sample of nurses (n =106).Methods: Nurses were selected using a convenience sampling method, and completed the Death Depression Scale (DDS), Death Concern Scale (DCS), Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale (CLFDS), Reasons for Death Fear Scale (RDFS), Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and Death Obsession Scale (DOS). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis on DDS identified 4 factors (56.16%of variance). Factor 1 labeled"Death sadness", Factor 2 labeled"Death finality/end and Death dread/fear", Factor 3 labeled"Death despair and Death depression", and Factor 4 labeled"Death loneliness". Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.84, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.85, and Guttman Split-Half coefficient 0.81 The DDS correlated 0.40 with the DCS, 0.39 with the CLFDS, 0.50 with the DAS, 0.35 with the RDFS, and 0.44 with the DOS, indicating good construct and criterion-related validity. Concurrent validity for the DDS with the other scales were significant. Conclusions: The DDS has good validity and reliability, and it can use in clinical and research settings.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10472060)Natural Science Founda-tion of Shanghai Municipality (No. 04ZR14058)Doctor Start-up Foundation of Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering (No. 05YB04).
文摘The non-linear forced vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams excited by the vibration of the supporting foundation is investigated. A non-linear partial-differential equation governing the transverse motion is derived from the dynamical, constitutive equations and geometrical relations. By referring to the quasi-static stretch assumption, the partial-differential non-linearity is reduced to an integro-partial-differential one. The method of multiple scales is directly applied to the governing equations with the two types of non-linearity, respectively. The amplitude of near- and exact-resonant steady state is analyzed by use of the solvability condition of eliminating secular terms. Numerical results are presented to show the contributions of foundation vibration amplitude, viscoelastic damping, and nonlinearity to the response amplitude for the first and the second mode.
基金Supported by the NNSF of China(11071222)Supported by the NSF of Hunan Province(12JJ6006)Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2013YB223)
文摘This paper is concerned with the oscillatory behavior of a class of third-order noonlinear variable delay neutral functional dynamic equations on time scale. By using the generalized Riccati transformation and inequality technique, we establish some new oscilla- tion criteria for the equations. Our results extend and improve some known results, but also unify the oscillation of third-order nonlinear variable delay functional differential equations and functional difference equations with a nonlinear neutral term. Some examples are given to illustrate the importance of our results.
文摘Objectives:Death fear is the main subject in thanatology.Several researchers have defined different reasons for fear of death.This study aimed to explore the performance of the Farsi version of the Reasons for Death Fear Scale(RDFS)among a convenience sample of Iranian nurses(n=106).Methods:The nurses were selected by the convenience sampling method and were asked to complete the RDFS,Death Concern Scale,Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale,Death Anxiety Scale,Death Depression Scale,and Death Obsession Scale.Results:For the RDFS,the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.90,and the 2-week test-retest reliability was 0.64.The RDFS was correlated at 0.34,0.39,0.50,0.35,and 0.39 to the above-mentioned five scales,indicating its good construct and criterion-related validity.Based on the exploratory factor analysis,the RDFS-identified four factors accounted for 66.20%of the variance and were labeled as"Fear of Pain and Punishment,""Fear of Losing Worldly Involvements,""Religious Transgressions and Failures,"and"Parting from Loved Ones."Conclusions:The RDFS presents good validity and reliability and can be used in clinical and research settings in Iran.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19642001) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
文摘In this paper, several mathematical models for the large scale structures in some special kinds of mixing layers, which might be practically useful for enhancing the mixing, are proposed. First, the linear growth rate of the large scale structures in the mixing layers was calculated. Then, using the much improved weakly non-linear theory, combined with the energy method, the non-linear evolution of large scale structures in two special mixing layer configurations is calculated. One of the mixing lavers has equal magnitudes of the upstream velocity vectors, while the angles between the velocity vectors and the trailing edge were pi /2 - phi and pi /2 + phi, respectively. The other mixing layer was generated by a splitter-plate with a 45-degree-sweep trailing edge.
文摘In this paper, an innovative Genetic Algorithms (GA)-based inexact non-linear programming (GAINLP) problem solving approach has been proposed for solving non-linear programming optimization problems with inexact information (inexact non-linear operation programming). GAINLP was developed based on a GA-based inexact quadratic solving method. The Genetic Algorithm Solver of the Global Optimization Toolbox (GASGOT) developed by MATLABTM was adopted as the implementation environment of this study. GAINLP was applied to a municipality solid waste management case. The results from different scenarios indicated that the proposed GA-based heuristic optimization approach was able to generate a solution for a complicated nonlinear problem, which also involved uncertainty.
