基于SIFT特征点提取的ICP配准算法

为解决传统迭代最近点(ICP)算法对点云配准的起始点对选择不佳而导致配准时间长、效率低的问题,提出一种基于尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征点提取的ICP点云配准算法(ST-ICP)。首先使用SIFT算法进行原始点云与目标点云的SIFT特征点提取,根据提取特征点完成快速点特征直方图(FPFH)特征运算,通过采样一致性初始配准算法(SAC-IA)搜索对应点对、求解变换矩阵,再进一步运用ICP算法进行点云精细配准。实验结果表明:与ICP算法相比较,ST-ICP算法的配准误差在迭代次数为5次时减小了1.019 cm,迭代次数为10次时减小了0.443 cm;在配准误差达到10^(-2) cm级别时,ST-ICP算法所用时间比传统ICP算法减少了12.829 s。ST-ICP算法优化了对应点对的选择,提升了配准精度和配准效率。

基于FPDE-SIFT的声呐干涉图像配准方法

图像配准是声呐进行高精度干涉测量的保障,该文针对水下目标的声呐图像配准,提出了一种基于4阶偏微分方程尺度不变特征变换的声呐干涉图像配准方法。该方法聚焦声呐图像配准的难点,首先基于4阶偏微分方程构建尺度空间,在保持图像细节的前提下滤除噪声,提高特征提取的准确度;对于残余噪声造成的特征点误检,借助特征点的相位一致性信息加以筛选,精简特征点样本集;最后对特征点匹配策略进行优化,提出改进的快速样本一致性匹配策略剔除特征点的误匹配。算法增加了匹配点对的数量,提高了匹配点对的准确度,实现了声呐干涉图像的精确配准。水池实验和外场试验表明,该文所提出的算法相较现有算法对声呐图像有着更好的适用性,配准后的均方根误差与留一法均方根均小于1像素,达到了亚像素配准精度。

Scale effect removal and range migration correction for hypersonic target coherent detection

The detection of hypersonic targets usually confronts range migration(RM)issue before coherent integration(CI).The traditional methods aiming at correcting RM to obtain CI mainly considers the narrow-band radar condition.However,with the increasing requirement of far-range detection,the time bandwidth product,which is corresponding to radar’s mean power,should be promoted in actual application.Thus,the echo signal generates the scale effect(SE)at large time bandwidth product situation,influencing the intra and inter pulse integration performance.To eliminate SE and correct RM,this paper proposes an effective algorithm,i.e.,scaled location rotation transform(ScLRT).The ScLRT can remove SE to obtain the matching pulse compression(PC)as well as correct RM to complete CI via the location rotation transform,being implemented by seeking the actual rotation angle.Compared to the traditional coherent detection algorithms,Sc LRT can address the SE problem to achieve better detection/estimation capabilities.At last,this paper gives several simulations to assess the viability of ScLRT.

一种基于谱图SIFT的同源频谱监测数据判定方法

随着各类无线电应用的普及,在一定空间范围内,超短波监测过程中的监测数据易受到非同源的同频或邻频信号的影响,仅依靠常规监测中的频谱数据是无法判定信号是否同源的,因而不同监测站点获得的数据缺乏关联性,数据分析结果可能产生误导,降低工作效率。依据人工监测的经验,尝试用计算机视觉等技术分析监测数据的频谱图和时频谱图,结合谱图特性引入角度阈值改进SIFT算法的特征点匹配模式,以适应无线电监测数据分析的需要,并提出以图像特征点检测匹配率为前提,利用卡帕值综合评价两种谱图同源判定结果一致性的方法。通过实验模拟和实例验证,两种谱图同源判定结果的卡帕值为0.7605,达到高度一致;同时,所提方法在实践过程中有提高工作效率的作用,具备操作可行性和实际意义。

SIFT算法在机器视觉轨道交通变形监测中的应用分析

针对传统人工测量方法不能满足轨道交通结构变形监测精度要求高、实时性要求强等问题,本文提出一种尺度不变特征变换(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)算法,基于该算法可实现机器视觉对轨道交通结构变形实时监测,同时基于MATLAB语言构建机器视觉轨道交通变形监测系统,并对该系统监测结果进行精度评估。结果表明,基于SIFT算法构建的机器视觉轨道交通变形监测系统与传统测量结果有较好的一致性,总体精度优于1mm。总之,SIFT算法可较好地匹配特征点信息,能够用于实现机器视觉轨道交通结构变形监测,同时机器视觉轨道交通结构变形监测系统在自动化程度、实时性、成本方面具有显著优势,拥有广阔的应用前景。

基于EOSHHO-SIFT的混合域鲁棒图像水印算法

针对含水印信息的图像对几何攻击鲁棒性不强的问题,提出一种基于改进的尺度不变特征变换(Elite opposition-learning strategy based Harris hawks optimization and Scale-invariant feature transform, EOSHHO-SIFT)的图像水印算法。首先,水印预处理:对水印进行基于奇异值分解的预处理,得到需要嵌入奇异矩阵的信息;其次,载体预处理:对载体图像进行HAAR多小波变换,并在变换后的载体图像中使用EOSHHO-SIFT算法进行特征点提取;再次,水印嵌入:上述特征点作为鲁棒水印的嵌入区域,而用EOSHHO-SIFT优化后的特征点进行鲁棒水印的嵌入;最后,水印提取:利用HAAR以及EOSHHO-SIFT提取出含有水印信息的特征点,并利用此特征点所含的奇异值信息对水印进行重组。仿真结果表明,与其它不具有旋转不变特性的图像水印算法相比,算法具有较强的抗噪声、抗滤波以及抗几何攻击的能力。

Target classification using SIFT sequence scale invariants

On the basis of scale invariant feature transform（SIFT） descriptors,a novel kind of local invariants based on SIFT sequence scale（SIFT-SS） is proposed and applied to target classification.First of all,the merits of using an SIFT algorithm for target classification are discussed.Secondly,the scales of SIFT descriptors are sorted by descending as SIFT-SS,which is sent to a support vector machine（SVM） with radial based function（RBF） kernel in order to train SVM classifier,which will be used for achieving target classification.Experimental results indicate that the SIFT-SS algorithm is efficient for target classification and can obtain a higher recognition rate than affine moment invariants（AMI） and multi-scale auto-convolution（MSA） in some complex situations,such as the situation with the existence of noises and occlusions.Moreover,the computational time of SIFT-SS is shorter than MSA and longer than AMI.

Generalized canonical transformation for second-order Birkhoffian systems on time scales

The theory of time scales,which unifies continuous and discrete analysis,provides a powerful mathematical tool for the study of complex dynamic systems.It enables us to understand more clearly the essential problems of continuous systems and discrete systems as well as other complex systems.In this paper,the theory of generalized canonical transformation for second-order Birkhoffian systems on time scales is proposed and studied,which extends the canonical transformation theory of Hamilton canonical equations.First,the condition of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales is established.Second,based on this condition,six basic forms of generalized canonical transformation for the second-order Birkhoffian system on time scales are given.Also,the relationships between new variables and old variables for each of these cases are derived.In the end,an example is given to show the application of the results.

Multi-scale phase average waveform of electroencephalogram signals in childhood absence epilepsy using wavelet transformation

BACKGROUND： Recent studies have focused on various methods of wavelet transformation for electroencephalogram （EEG） signals. However, there are very few studies reporting characteristics of multi-scale phase waves during epileptic discharge.OBJECTIVE： To extract multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals between time and frequency domains using wavelet transformation, and to compare EEG signals of absence seizure with pre-epileptic seizure and normal children, and to quantify multi-scale phase average waveforms from childhood absence epilepsy EEG signals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The case-comparative experiment was performed at the Department of Neuroelectrophysiology, Tianjin Medical University from August 2002 to May 2005. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy from the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University were enrolled in the study. The patients were not administered anti-epileptic drugs or sedatives prior to EEG testing. In addition, 12 healthy, age- and gender-matched children were also enrolled.METHODS： EEG signals were tested on 15 patients with childhood absence epilepsy and 12 normal children. Epileptic discharge signals during clinical and subclinical seizures were collected 10 and 20 times, respectively. The collected EEG signals were treated with wavelet transformation to extract multi-scale characteristics during absence epilepsy seizure using a conditional sampling method. Multi-scale phase average waveforms were collected using a conditional phase averaging technique. Amplitude of phase average waveform from EEG signals of epilepsy seizure, subclinical epileptic discharge, and EEG signals of normal children were compared and statistically analyzed in the first half-cycle.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Multi-scale wavelet coefficient and the evolution of EEG signals were observed during childhood absence epilepsy seizures using wavelet transformation. Multi-scale phase average waveforms from EEG signals were observed using a conditional sampling method and phase averaging technique.RESULTS： Multi-scale characteristics of EEG signals demonstrated that 12-scale （3 Hz） rhythmical activity was significantly enhanced during childhood absence epilepsy seizure and co-existed with background structure （〈1 Hz, low frequency discharge）. The phase average wave exhibited opposed phase abnormal rhythm at 3 Hz. Prior to childhood absence epilepsy seizure, EEG detected opposed abnormal a rhythm and 3 Hz composition, which were not detected with traditional EEG. Compared to EEG signals from normal children, epileptic discharges from clinical and subclinical childhood absence epilepsy seizures were positive and amplitude was significantly greater （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： Wavelet transformation was used to analyze EEG signals from childhood absence epilepsy to obtain multi-scale quantitative characteristics and phase average waveforms. Multi-scale wavelet coefficients of EEG signals correlated with childhood absence epilepsy seizure, and multi-scale waveforms prior to epilepsy seizure were similar to characteristics during the onset period. Compared to normal children, EEG signals during epilepsy seizure exhibited an opposed phase model.

基于二维小波变换SIFT算法模型的皮革断面图像配准研究

以二维小波变换优化SIFT算法构建了一种针对皮革断面图像配准分析的数学模型,以人工方式、SIFT算法作为对比对象,对该数学模型在皮革断面同层图像配准和序列图像配准两方面的性能进行对比分析。结果表明:融合优化后的数学算法模型在检测效率和检测精度方面具有显著改进。

Dynamic scaling characteristics of single-phase natural circulation based on different strain transformations

To understand the dynamical system scaling(DSS)analysis theory,the applicability of DSSβ-andω-strain transformation methods for the scaling analysis of complex loops was explored.A simplified model consisting of two loops was established based on the primary and secondary sides of a nuclear reactor,andβ-andω-strain transformation methods were used to ana-lyze the single-phase natural circulation in the primary circuit.For comparison with the traditional method,simplified DSSβ-andω-strain methods were developed based on the standard scaling criterion.The strain parameters in these four methods were modified to form multiple groups of scaled-down cases.The transient process of the natural circulation was simulated using the Relap5 code,and the variation in the dynamic flow characteristics with the strain numbers was obtained using different scaling methods.The results show that both the simplified and standard DSS methods can simulate the dynamic characteristics of natural circulation in the primary circuit.The scaled-down cases in the simplified method exhibit the same geometric scaling and correspond to small core power ratios.By contrast,different scaled-down cases in the standard DSS method correspond to different geometric scaling criteria and require more power.The dynamic process of natural circula-tion can be simulated more accurately using the standard DSS method.

Solving Schrodinger Equation with Non-Uniform Grids by Scale Transformation Method

A new scale transformation method is used in solving the Schrodinger equation. With it, the uniform grids in the discretization in conventional metho d are changed into non-uniform grids. Consequently, in some cases, the computing quantity will be greatly reduced at keeping the required accuracy. The calcul ation of the quantized inversion layer in MOS structure is used to demonstrate t he efficiency of the new method.

联合SIFT-GPU和整体平差法的隧道影像拼接研究

针对当前隧道影像拼接过程中效率低、累积误差大的问题,研究提出一种联合SIFT-GPU(scale-invariant feature transformgraphics processing unit)协同处理算法和整体平差法的隧道影像拼接技术。首先,基于车载移动测量技术获取隧道内部的影像和点云数据,利用点云数据和共线方程对原始影像进行纠正处理,并先后使用MASK匀光算法和Wallis滤波匀光法对影像进行匀光匀色;然后,融合SIFT匹配算法和GPU-CPU(central processing unit)协同处理技术加速提取所有待拼接影像特征点,使用RANSAC(random sample consensus)算法剔除误配点;最后,使用平移旋转缩放变换模型对400张影像进行拼接,采用整体平差算法对拼接结果进行误差补偿,利用GDAL(geospatial data abstraction library)分块处理技术输出拼接成果。研究结果表明:1)相较于原始的SIFT匹配算法,研究使用的SIFT-GPU协同处理算法使影像匹配效率提高了3~25倍;2)整体平差算法较好地解决了随着待拼接影像的增加而引起的误差累积问题,相较于传统算法,误差降低至原来的1/3。

多聚焦图像离焦模糊区域的SIFT特征提取

常规的尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)图像特征提取方法难以提取多聚焦图像离焦模糊区域的特征,使得图像间存在局部、少量的公共特征,导致多聚焦图像配准精度差,严重影响后续图像融合和三维重建质量。在分析图像离焦模糊区域特征提取不确定性的基础上,提出了一种多聚焦图像离焦模糊区域的SIFT特征提取方法。首先提取多聚焦图像聚焦清晰区域的SIFT特征,再利用光流跟踪提取对应离焦模糊区域的SIFT特征,避免了在离焦模糊区域直接提取SIFT特征的不确定性。实验结果表明:提出的方法在离焦模糊区域具有良好的SIFT特征提取能力和提取精度,能实现多聚焦图像SIFT特征匹配数量显著增长,SIFT特征提取的误差为0.03~0.39 pixels,优于现有方法的0.21~1.71 pixels。降低了离焦模糊区域SIFT特征提取的不确定性,为多聚焦图像精确配准奠定了基础。

Comment on 'The scale-transformation of electromagnetic theory and its applications','Distribution characteristic of scattering field for an ellipsoidal target irradiated by an electromagnetic wave from an arbitrary direction' and 'Electric fields inside a

It is shown that the 'scale-transformation' method proposed by Li Ying-Le et al.is not applicable to the Maxwell theory.

基于高维SIFT改进隐马尔可夫模型的多目标跟踪

针对多目标跟踪领域中出现的遮挡、目标身份互换等问题,本文提出了一种基于尺度不变特征变换(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)关键点和隐马尔可夫模型的多目标跟踪算法。首先,在视频序列中逐帧提取每个目标的关键点集,并对其进行条件约束;其次,以得到的关键点集作为目标的状态建立隐马尔可夫模型,根据模型在时序段内传递状态的规律求出模型对应的参数;最后,以当前帧的观测状态和参数求出下一帧的隐性状态,实现对目标位置的预测。为了提升模型的推理速度,建立了表征全部目标的高维观测状态模型。与其他先进的算法在MOT17、MOT20、KITTI数据集上进行了仿真实验对比,结果表明本算法在跟踪准确度等指标上表现较优,并对遮挡和身份互换问题有较好的鲁棒性。

SIFT与SURF在指纹识别系统中的性能对比

要实现指纹识别技术,必须使用图像特征的提取技术,尺度不变特征变换(ScaleInvariantFeature Transform,SIFT)和加速稳健特征(Speeded Up Robust Features,SURF)是目前运用比较广泛的两种图像特征提取算法。为验证哪种算法在指纹识别领域更适用,文章使用同一手指指纹的多张照片为图库,分别使用两种方法进行同一图自我匹配、指纹角度、范围不同图片匹配及较为模糊的图片匹配等实验。通过实验得出:虽然SIFT算法比SURF算法耗时更长,但是使用SIFT算法的运算量小于SURF算法,因此两种算法花费的时间近乎相等;在指纹对比库的创建方面,SIFT算法要优于SURF算法;在指纹匹配识别过程中,无论是同一张图片自我匹配,还是指纹角度和范围不同的图片进行匹配、指纹不清晰的图片进行匹配,SIFT算法的成功匹配点比SURF算法的成功匹配点分布更均匀,且数量相近或更多。可见,在指纹识别系统中,使用SIFT算法比SURF算法更合适。

融合SIFT和级联分类器的特种车辆自动检测识别

针对特定场景中特种车辆因多环境影响因素下数据不均衡、检测精度和识别准确率低的问题,提出一种融合尺度不变特征变换(Scale-Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT)和级联分类器的特种车辆自动检测及识别预测方法。首先,图像预处理后运用SIFT特征提取图像主体区域特征点及特征描述子;其次,结合SIFT特征点的密度调整优化算法实现目标车辆检测;最后,运用KMeans聚类算法获得目标检测框中SIFT特征描述子的中心聚类点,生成表征目标主体图像的128维特征描述子,并最终输入RF-RBF(Random Forest-Radial Basis Function)级联分类器进行学习并识别预测。该文均采用K折交叉验证方法保证模型的稳定性和可靠性。实验结果表明,在特定场景下特种车辆目标检测获得了75.47%平均交并比,级联分类器在特种车辆识别的综合准确率、精确率、召回率、F1-Score值以及FPS值分别为87.35%、88.17%、97.27%、92.38%以及21。进一步验证融合SIFT和级联分类器模型具有较好的自动化检测准确性和识别分类能力。

基于多尺度注意力特征融合的场景文本检测

针对目前文本检测中小尺度文本和长文本检测精度低的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度注意力特征融合的场景文本检测算法。该方法以Mask R-CNN为基线模型,引入Swin_Transformer作为骨干网络提取底层特征。在特征金字塔(feature pyramid networks,FPN)中,通过将多尺度注意力热图与底层特征通过横向连接相融合,使检测器的不同层级专注于特定尺度的目标,并利用相邻层注意力热图之间的关系实现了FPN结构中的纵向特征共享,避免了不同层之间梯度计算的不一致性问题。实验结果表明:在ICDAR2015数据集上,该方法的准确率、召回率和F值分别达到了88.3%、83.07%和85.61%,在CTW1500和Total-Text弯曲文本数据集上相较现有方法均有良好表现。

基于多层次特征融合的Transformer人脸识别方法

卷积神经网络中的卷积操作只能捕获局部信息,而Transformer能保留更多的空间信息且能建立图像的长距离连接.在视觉领域的应用中,Transformer缺乏灵活的图像尺寸及特征尺度适应能力,通过利用层级式网络增强不同尺度建模的灵活性,且引入多尺度特征融合模块丰富特征信息.本文提出了一种基于改进的Swin Transformer人脸模型——Swin Face模型.Swin Face以Swin Transformer为骨干网络,引入多层次特征融合模块,增强了模型对人脸的特征表达能力,并使用联合损失函数优化策略设计人脸识别分类器,实现人脸识别.实验结果表明,与多种人脸识别方法相比,Swin Face模型通过使用分级特征融合网络,在LFW、CALFW、AgeDB-30、CFP数据集上均取得最优的效果,验证了此模型具有良好的泛化性和鲁棒性.