Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Blood Lead and Sex Hormone Levels among Occupationally Exposed Group in An E-waste Dismantling Area

Objective To study the effects of environmental multi-media lead pollution on blood lead and sex hormone levels among lead exposed males engaged in E-waste dismantling, and the correlation between confounding factors and sex hormone levels. Methods An E-waste dismantling area in Taizhou of Zhejiang Province was selected as the research site. One hundred and fifty two samples were collected from the groundwater, soil, rice, corn, chicken, and pork in the dismantling area. The effects of the multi-media lead pollution on the male blood lead and sex hormone levels of FSH, LH, and T, as well as the correlation with confounding factors, were studied. Results The blood lead concentrations in the males aged under 31, from 31 to 45 and from 46 to 60 were 98.55, 100.23, and 101.45 I~/L, respectively. Of all the environmental media lead exposures, the groundwater, rice and soil were main contributing factors to the lead accumulation in humans. FSH and LH levels increased with the age while the T levels decreased with the age instead. There was a significant correlation between the FSH and LH levels and wearing masks. Conclusion There was correlation between the FSH, LH, and T levels, and the mean values of lead concentrations in environmental media, and the sex hormone levels were correlated with the confounding factor of wearing masks.

Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Soil-Crop System from an E-Waste Dismantling Area

Soil is an essential resource for agricultural production.In order to investigate the pollution situation of heavy metals in the soil-crop system in the e-waste dismantling area,the crop and soil samples(226 pairs,including leaf vegetables,solanaceous vegetables,root vegetables,and fruits)around the e-waste dismantling area in southeastern Zhejiang Province were collected.The concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr were determined.The average concentrations of Cd,Cu,Pb,and Cr in soils were 0.94,107.79,80.28,and 78.14 mg kg-1,respectively,and their corresponding concentrations in crops were 0.024,0.7,0.041,and 0.06 mg kg-1,respectively.The transfer capacity of leaf vegetables was significantly higher than that of non-leaf vegetables,and the accumulation of four heavy metals in crops tended to be Cd>Cu>Cr/Pb.The pollution index’s results revealed that the soil pollution degree under different land uses ranked as root vegetables soil>leaf vegetables soil>solanaceous vegetables soil>fruit soil.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metal exposure were ranked as food intake>accidental ingestion>dermal contact>inhalation.The comprehensive non-carcinogenic risk was ranked as Cr>Cd>Pb/Cu.Our results could be used to provide useful information for further crop cultivation layout in the study area,which can guarantee the local residents’health and food safety.

大型钢模壳的开发与施工技术

中国建筑文化中心展厅及以上的楼层 ,设计采用了适合公共建筑的无粘结预应力双向密肋板结构体系 ,取得了很好的综合效益。施工在选用支模方案时 ,开发了大型钢模壳 ,代替了现常用的塑料模壳、玻璃钢模壳 ,不仅为本工程降低了投资、提高了外观质量 ,且为今后推广这类结构时 。

中国西部某规模化电子垃圾拆解厂多氯联苯排放污染特征及职业呼吸暴露风险

电子垃圾的不规范拆解易造成较严重的有机物、重金属等污染排放.在政府西部大开发战略(WDS)的推动下,电子垃圾回收产业从东部地区向西部地区的转移势必会对西部地区生态环境造成一定的负面影响.本文以西部近年新建的某规模化电子垃圾拆解厂为研究对象,于2016年冬季采集了该厂拆解车间室内外及上风向对照区大气气相、颗粒相(PM1.0、PM2.5、PM10)共100个样品,对电子垃圾拆解活动造成的32种PCBs的排放污染水平和特征进行了观测研究,并基于该观测数据对规模化拆解厂的职业环境空气呼吸暴露风险进行了评估.结果表明,拆解车间内外及农家对照点空气中32种PCBs总浓度(∑32PCBs)(气相+颗粒相)范围为0.36~806.65pg·m^-3,均值为28.00pg·m^-3,总体呈现低氯代(二至四氯)PCBs浓度较高的特征;拆解作业车间内电子垃圾拆解活动导致的PCBs排放主要赋存于颗粒相中(65%),而车间外及农家对照点空气中的PCBs主要分配于气相,分别占比72%和94%;颗粒相PCBs在车间内外的分布特征表现为:四氯PCBs中PCB52、PCB49在PM1.0中的浓度百分比较高,而其他PCBs主要分布在PM10中.车间内外空气中四氯PCBs(气相+颗粒相)浓度最高,三氯PCBs浓度次之,推测主要源于电子垃圾拆解的生产排放;而对照点含有更高的二氯PCBs同族体,初步推测主要来源于上风向外区域PCBs的大气长距离迁移.采样期间规模化拆解厂车间内职业环境空气的呼吸暴露致癌风险(9.62×10^-12)低于美国EPA的规定限值1.0×10^-6,处于可接受水平.说明我国对电子垃圾产业的规模化建厂、规范化拆解作业及按环保要求的规范化管理措施对于拆解作业环境的保护、职业工人的健康保护具有积极的作用.但规模化拆解产业依然会带来一定程度的污染物排放,从而对周边环境带来生态风险及存在潜在的职业健康风险.

西北某电子垃圾拆解厂室内外重金属污染特征及暴露风险

本研究利用ICP-OES对西北干旱区某规模化电子垃圾拆解厂拆解车间内外空气不同粒径的颗粒物(PM_1. 0、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))及上风向对照点PM_(2.5)中的6种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)的浓度进行了分析测定,基于该数据对拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属污染浓度水平、粒径分布特征、职业暴露风险以及呼吸系统沉积特征进行了研究.结果表明,拆解车间内外颗粒物中重金属Zn(室内4 890 ng·m^(-3),室外1 245 ng·m^(-3))、Pb(室内1 201 ng·m^(-3),室外240 ng·m^(-3))、Cu(室内1 200ng·m^(-3),室外110 ng·m^(-3))均表现出较高的污染水平,且室内浓度远高于室外数倍,表明拆解活动是造成室内空气较高浓度重金属的主要原因,室内外空气环境污染特征与电子垃圾拆解种类密切相关.粒径分布特征为:车间内空气环境中重金属主要吸附于PM_(2.5)中,车间外主要是赋存于PM_(10)中.职业暴露风险评估显示:Cr的非致癌与致癌风险最高;拆解厂车间室内外6种重金属总非致癌危害指数为1. 62×10^(-3)和3. 60×10^(-4),远低于U. S. EPA规定的限定值(1. 0);车间室内外致癌总风险值为2. 69×10^(-7)和2. 59×10^(-9),小于可接受范围(1×10^(-6)),表明由重金属所导致的职业健康风险相对较小;评估结果表明按国家环保要求规模化建厂的电子垃圾拆解厂空气环境颗粒物中重金属对公共健康造成的风险处于相对安全的水平.颗粒态重金属在人体呼吸系统的不同器官的沉积特征表现为粒径越小,在呼吸系统的深处的沉积百分占比越大,建议企业应针对细颗粒物给职业工人造成的呼吸健康风险采取相应的减排对策.