Obsevation for Epidermal Ultrastructure of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing under Scanning Electron Microscope

[Objective]The experiment aimed to explore a new way for observing surface structure of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [Method] The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the epidermal ultrastructure of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing. [ Result] The epidermis of wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing showed mixture structure of fibril colloid which was reticular arranged. The difference between wild and cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing was that the outer epidermis of cultured Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing had trichome distribution but the wild Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing did not has such distribution. The obsevation results of under smaller than 10 μm by scanning electron microscope was touched thick and showed many folds and distortions. [ Conclusion] The scanning electron microscope was an effective way to study development of Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing colony and it was worth popularizing.

Observation of Helicotylenchus digonicus by Scanning Electron Microscope

[ Objective] The paper was to observe Helicotylenchus digonicus by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. [ Method ] H. digonicus collected from Changxing of Zhejiang Province was observed under scanning electron microscope, and its morphological structure was confmned under optical microscope. [ Resuit]The nematode specimens fixed by glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and prepared by critical point drying were unmodified and unshrinkable with clear mor- phological structure, which could be scanned very well by scanning electron microscope. [ Conclusion ] The study provided reference for study and control of H. digonicus.

Observation for Leaf Epidermal Characteristics of Four Different Pomegranate Cultivars under Scanning Electron Microscope

[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.

Chalkiness Characters and Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Rice Grain Endosperm of Japonica Varieties in Southern Henan

Chalkiness characters affect not only the grain appearance,milling,eating and cooking qualities but also the grain nutritional quality in rice,thus it is one of the most important traits in rice. It is very important for us to investigate the relation of the chalkiness formation and the development of endosperm structure and starch granule of different rice varieties. Here,we have investigated the chalkiness characters such as chalkiness rate,chalkiness degree and chalkiness area in 15 japonica rice varieties from southern Henan. Furthermore,the endosperm structure and starch granules of rice grain were also observed with scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the 15 japonica varieties have a significantly linear relationship between the chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree. Among the varieties,the biggest difference is the chalkiness rate,the second is the chalkiness area,and the last is the chalkiness degree. Moreover,there is a certain correlation between the distribution of starch granules,the arrangement of endosperm cells and the occurrence of grain chalkiness in the different rice varieties. For the same variety,the starch granules of chalky and non-chalky grains have obvious difference,while the starch granules from the transparent part of chalky rice and non-chalky rice do not have significant difference. The results would provide useful references for the improvement of grain quality in rice.

Retrieving analog images from a scanning electron microscopewith a synchronous data acquisition method

In this work,an old scanning electron microscope(SEM)is refurbished to enhance its image processing capability.How to digitally sample and process an analog image is also presented.An NI PCI-6259 multiple input/output data acquisition(DAQ)board is used to acquire signals originally being sent to an analog display,and then convert the signals into a digital image.Two output channels are used for raster scan of the horizontal and verticle axes of the image buffer,while one input channel is used to read the brightness signals at various coordinate points.Synchronous method is used to maximize the DAQ speed.Finally,the digitally buffered images are read out to display and saved in a hard drive.The hardware and software designs of this work are explained in great detail,which can serve as a very good example for fast synchronous DAQ,advanced virtual instrument design and structural driver programming with LabVIEW.

Gill surface architecture of mullet, Mugil soiuy (Basilewsky) : A scanning electron microscope study

Specimens of Mugil soiuy were collected from the coastal waters of Bohai Sea in Tianjin. The gillfilaments were cut with fine scissors and soaked for 24h in a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaralde-hyde in 0.1 mol lphosporic acid buffer. After three washes in a buffer solution the tissue was fixedin a mixture of 1% osmium tetraoxide at 4℃ for 1h. The tissue was dehydrated in graded ethandethanols and dried. The tissue was examined and photographed with an SEM at an accelerating voltage

Adverse Effects of Permanent Waving and Hair Relaxation—Assessment by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Permanent waving is very popular in Japan. Polypeptide chains (main chains) form the principal components of hair, and they are lined up longitudinally. Hair relaxation is also called straight permanent waving, and there are methods that change curly or wavy hair into straight hair. Hair damage as a result of winding, combing, and using high-temperature hairdressing irons is also often seen. By using scanning electron micrographs (SEM) we showed broken hairs and hair damage caused by permanent wave solutions. The hair damage is obvious when comparisons are made with the condition of the hair surface, condition of the cuticle, etc. Hair swelling by permanent wave solutions, manipulations such as winding, etc., inadequate rinsing with water, procedures on injured hair at the outset, etc., are considered possible reasons for any of these types of injury.

基于SEM的土体微观结构三维分析与分维计算方法

土体微观结构研究很早就建立了三维空间的分形模型,但分形维数计算所需参数很难由常规土工试验得到,限制了分形理论在土体研究中的应用。基于陕西定边与甘肃兰州原状土样的扫描电镜(SEM)试验,提出了三维化处理与三角形网格原理联合方法,可以得到土体颗粒(孔隙)不同测量尺度对应的表面积与体积计算值,由此实现分形维数的计算,并通过分形理论在土水特征中的应用验证了方法的有效性与可靠性。另外,三维化处理还可获取视孔隙率、比面等土体微观结构参数,可以作为土体微观结构定量分析研究的新途径。

Evolution of pore systems in low-maturity oil shales during thermal upgrading--Quantified by dynamic SEM and machine learning

In-situ upgrading by heating is feasible for low-maturity shale oil,where the pore space dynamically evolves.We characterize this response for a heated substrate concurrently imaged by SEM.We systematically follow the evolution of pore quantity,size(length,width and cross-sectional area),orientation,shape(aspect ratio,roundness and solidity)and their anisotropy—interpreted by machine learning.Results indicate that heating generates new pores in both organic matter and inorganic minerals.However,the newly formed pores are smaller than the original pores and thus reduce average lengths and widths of the bedding-parallel pore system.Conversely,the average pore lengths and widths are increased in the bedding-perpendicular direction.Besides,heating increases the cross-sectional area of pores in low-maturity oil shales,where this growth tendency fluctuates at<300℃ but becomes steady at>300℃.In addition,the orientation and shape of the newly-formed heating-induced pores follow the habit of the original pores and follow the initial probability distributions of pore orientation and shape.Herein,limited anisotropy is detected in pore direction and shape,indicating similar modes of evolution both bedding-parallel and bedding-normal.We propose a straightforward but robust model to describe evolution of pore system in low-maturity oil shales during heating.

Manufacturing of SEM and TEM Samples for Oocyte

[ Objective] The research aimed to explore the manufacturing methods of scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） for oocyte and provide technical support for related research. [ Method] Based on GV-and MII-stage oocytes, samples of SEM and TEM were prepared respectively, then ultrastructure changes were observed. [ Result] The results showed that the method needed few samples, keep intact cell morphology and can see clear ultrastructure. [Conclusion] The method is suitable for ultrastructural observation of oocyte.

小尺寸纳米颗粒的SEM高分辨成像模式探究——以Ni_(2)P为例

相比透射电子显微镜(TEM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)具有批量进样、成本低、三维成像的优势,但小尺寸纳米颗粒在进行SEM成像时存在容易积碳、分辨率不足、形貌结构信息弱等技术难题。文章以超小空心(34.4 nm)、实心(13.3 nm)Ni_(2)P纳米颗粒为例,重点探究了如何通过调控工作模式、工作距离、加速电压、束流等参数获得分辨率高、形貌结构清晰的SEM图像。研究表明,高分辨模式下T2和超高分辨模式下T3探头所成二次电子(SE)像的分辨率明显优于标准模式下ETD探头的,且SE像表面形貌信息多、立体感较好。其中由于T3探头位置最高且仅收集高位二次电子信号,这部分二次电子信号进入透镜的角度准直且能量较低。因此超高分辨模式-T3探头所成SE像分辨率和信噪比最高、形貌衬度良好,但几乎观察不到颗粒内部结构。而高分辨和超高分辨模式下T1(背散射信号)探头所成BSE像成分衬度好,虽景深较小但最有利于观察空心结构。同时探究发现工作距离太小,所得SE像分辨率好但景深差,工作距离太大,SE像分辨率稍弱但景深较好。结合图像质量测量结果,对于文中的Ni_(2)P纳米颗粒,选择适中的工作距离(~8 mm)可获得质量较高的SE像。提升加速电压可有效提高图像分辨率(空心Ni_(2)P在30 kV下可达2.3 nm)。信噪比会随束流的增大而增强,其过大会导致颗粒边缘模糊,选择适中的束流(~0.2 nA)成像效果较好。以上研究结果对小尺寸及中空结构纳米颗粒的SEM成像选择具有一定的借鉴作用。

聚集离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)在页岩纳米级孔隙结构研究中的应用

页岩中大量发育的纳米级孔隙组成了页岩气储集的主要空间。聚集离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)通过对页岩样品的连续切割和成像,能够在纳米尺度上三维重建页岩的空间分布。依据不同岩石组分灰度值的差异,可以将页岩内的孔隙、有机质、黄铁矿等分割提取出来,不仅可以三维展示其空间分布形态,还可以对孔隙的分布特征和孔隙度等参数进行定量计算。聚集离子束扫描电镜在页岩纳米孔隙中的应用,将给页岩微观结构的深入研究提供新的研究手段。

煤中黄铁矿表面细菌氧化的XRD及SEM/TEM研究

借助于XRD和SEM/TEM等表面分析测试技术,对煤中黄铁矿表面经氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用前后的表面微观结构的变化进行了研究.作为对比,同时采用了氧化剂(H2O2)对黄铁矿表面进行氧化试验.结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在黄铁矿表面的氧化形式与氧化剂(H2O2)在黄铁矿表面的氧化形式不同.从黄铁矿表面微观结构的变化来看,氧化剂氧化的结果多出现钮扣状的片起,表现为较为剧烈的直接强氧化作用,而氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化则呈现坑蚀,表现为相对缓和的吸附氧化作用.这为研究细菌对煤中黄铁矿表面的作用机理提供了一定的参考.

聚酰亚胺/SiO_2纳米复合材料的摩擦学行为及SEM研究

用原位复合法制备了纳米SiO2 PI(热塑性)复合材料,研究了纳米SiO2含量对复合材料的减摩抗磨作用,考察了不同载荷与速度对摩擦学性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对SiO2 PI复合材料的磨损表面和转移膜进行了观察和分析。结果表明:在本文实验条件下,SiO2 PI复合材料中SiO2最佳含量为4 0～5 0wt.%;纳米SiO2能显著增强转移膜与偶件的结合强度,提高PI基复合材料的减摩抗磨性能;纯PI和SiO2 PI复合材料呈现不同的磨损机制。

膨胀叶丝微观结构的SEM表征

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了叶丝膨胀前后的表面和断面显微结构变化，对不同膨胀强度下叶丝断面的SEM照片进行图像处理与数据分析，结果表明：未膨胀的叶丝组织结构紧密，表皮细胞向内凹陷，呈褶皱状；膨胀后的叶丝组织结构疏松，表皮细胞向外凸出，表面光滑、褶皱减少；随着膨胀强度的增加，孔隙直径〈4μm的孔隙数量减少，孔隙直径〉4μm的孔隙数量增加。孔隙直径〈6μm的孔隙总面积减小，孔隙直径〉6μm的孔隙总面积增加。对于CO2膨胀叶丝，孔隙直径〈2μm时孔隙数量和孔隙总面积与叶丝的膨胀率线性关系极显著。对于科创膨胀叶丝，孔隙直径为2～4μm时孔隙数量和孔隙总面积与叶丝的膨胀率线性关系极显著。

酸蚀剂浓度对牙本质粘接界面影响的SEM和TEM研究

目的 :研究不同浓度的酸蚀剂对牙本质湿粘接界面的影响。方法 :选用 10 %、32 %和 37% 3种浓度的磷酸酸蚀剂处理牙本质粘结面 ,然后用四种牙本质湿粘接剂将复合树脂粘结在处理后的牙本质粘结面 ,在扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜 (TEM )下观察粘接界面的微观形态。结果 :用不同浓度的酸蚀剂处理牙本质粘结表面时 ,4种粘接系统OptiBondSolo、SingleBond、GlumaOne-Bond和One-Step均可以观察到较为理想的渗透图像 ,同一粘接剂、不同浓度酸蚀剂处理后的界面超微结构之间没有明显区别。结论 :10 %、32 %和 37% 3种浓度的磷酸酸蚀剂处理牙本质后 。

子午沙鼠胃及肠粘膜表面的SEM观察

扫描电镜观察子午沙鼠胃及肠粘膜游离面的结果是：（１）胃粘膜上皮细胞表面为杆状的微绒毛丛；胃角切迹乳头似部分角质化扁平上皮样。（２）十二指肠绒毛叶片状，表面具有大量粘液腺孔；微绒毛为葫芦状，表面粗糙且具杆状突出物。（３）空肠绒毛扁指状，回肠绒毛短柱状，二者无微绒毛存在。（４）结肠无绒毛结构，粘膜上皮横向隆起形成粘膜褶，且褶和褶间有大量粘液腺孔．（５）直肠段无绒毛，表面具丰富的粘液腺孔．

脱落种植体表面刮治与喷砂处理的扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析

目的观察刮治和喷砂对脱落种植体表面的影响。方法对临床上因种植体周围炎脱落的Bego Semado S系列种植体进行表面刮治和喷砂,扫描电镜(scanning electronic microscopy,SEM)下观察形态,用X射线能谱仪(energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer,EDS)进行表面元素分析。结果 SEM下观察,刮治能够清洁种植体表面,喷砂后能进一步清洁种植体表面。元素分析表明喷砂能够大幅降低脱落种植体表面的C元素含量(P<0.05),提升种植体表面Ti元素的原子百分比(P<0.05)。结论在Bego Semado S系列种植体周围炎的治疗中,进行喷砂处理是必要的。

铜导线短路熔痕的SEM/EDS分析

在电气线路火灾原因的调查中,为更好地区分铜导线一次短路与二次短路的熔痕特征,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X-射线能谱仪(EDS)对2种熔痕的形貌和相应的元素成分进行了试验研究。结果表明:铜导线一次短路与二次短路熔痕的表观形貌特征和元素成分具有明显的不同,二者的区别主要表现在熔痕表面所含的气孔、元素种类及导线本体与熔痕之间的过渡区方面,一次短路熔痕表面气孔多,元素种类少,导线与熔痕之间有明显界限,二次短路熔痕则相反。该研究结果可以区分短路熔痕形成的环境气氛,以此判断导线短路熔痕类型,为电气线路火灾原因的调查提供科学依据。

ESEM在微注入条件下的湿环境研究及原位实验

采用在环境扫描电镜(ESEM)中配置的微注入系统(MIS),原位观察了NaCl晶体的溶解和结晶过程,NH4VO3液体与Bi(NO3)3液体反应生成的BiVO4晶体,以及水处理微生物在"湿环境"中的真实形貌特征。注入的液滴量可通过调整脉冲宽度可变的MIS微阀(开关时间为ms量级)及ESEM样品室的环境参数加以控制。在300Pa^750 Pa的样品室环境压力范围,水滴的直径约200μm^300 nm,水滴在样品表面的影响范围与液滴尺寸相当,约300μm。