Insight into microstructure evolution on anti-corrosion property of Al_(x)CoCrFeNiC_(0.01) high-entropy alloys using scanning vibration electrode technique

The effect of micro structure on the corrosion resistance of Al_(x)CoCrFeNiC_(0.01)(x=0.2,0.7,and 1.2)high-entropy alloys(HEAs) was systematically studied in this work.The microstructure evolution by regulating the Al content was analyzed in detail.Corrosion behavior was in situ monitored using the scanning vibration electrode technique,as well as some traditional electrochemical measurements.It is interesting to find that the compositions of body-centered cubic(bcc) and face-centered cubic(fcc)phases changed with the rising Al content,while the corresponding electrochemical responses for both phases were discriminated using the scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy method.Cr element was mainly distributed in the bcc phase for Al0.2(x=0.2) alloy,while its distribution changed to the fcc phase for the A10.7 and Al1.2alloys.The micro-galvanic corrosion cells formed between Cr-depleted and Cr-rich phases,resulting in the localized corrosion behaviors for the Al_(x)CoCrFeNiC_(0.01) HEAs,and the order for anti-corrosion property was Al0.2>Al1.2> Al0.7 HEAs.

X70钢焊接接头在酸性溶液中的局部腐蚀SVET研究

采用SEM分析了符合焊接工艺规范的X70管线钢焊接接头部位的组织,并采用扫描振动参比电极技术(SVET)研究了X70钢焊接接头在鹰潭酸性土壤模拟溶液中的局部腐蚀行为。结果表明,X70钢焊接接头热影响区在鹰潭酸性土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀电流密度最大,焊缝和母材靠近热影响区的区域电流密度次之,母材的腐蚀电流密度随着与热影响区距离的增大而降低。

微区扫描电化学测试技术原理及其应用进展

微区扫描电化学测试由于其独特的检测手段被广泛运用。本文综述了扫描振动电极技术(SVET)、扫描开尔文探针技术(SKP)、电化学阻抗谱技术(LEIS)、扫描电化学显微技术(SECM)四个微区扫描电化学测试技术的原理。并总结了微区扫描电化学测试技术在腐蚀、生物科学扫描、界面反应和能源方面的发现与应用。微区扫描电化学技术与传统电化学测量技术、扫描电镜技术等相结合,将有助于更深入地理解电化学行为,为材料、生物、能源等领域研究取得新突破提供技术支持。

金属腐蚀微区电化学研究进展(3) 扫描振动电极技术

近年来,随着微区电化学理论与测试技术的发展,微区电化学技术在腐蚀领域已作为一种重要的测试方法被广泛应用,本文概括了扫描振动电极的基本原理,重点对该技术在金属腐蚀研究领域的应用进行了阐述。

16Mn钢摩擦螺柱焊接头的微观组织与局部腐蚀

为了研究16Mn钢水下摩擦螺柱焊接头的微观组织及微区电化学腐蚀行为,采用扫描振动参比电极技术(SVET)和局部电化学阻抗谱(LEIS)对摩擦螺柱焊接头处不同区域的腐蚀电流密度及电化学阻抗进行了测试分析;采用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了焊接接头腐蚀前后的金相组织和微观形貌;采用X射线应力测定仪测定了焊件不同区域的残余应力.结果表明:16Mn钢摩擦螺柱焊接件在焊缝区晶粒最为细小,组织最为致密;另外,焊件上的残余应力均呈现为压应力,且在焊缝处的压应力最小(-96MPa);SVET和LEIS试验结果表明,焊缝处的腐蚀电流密度最小,约为0.3μA/cm^2,局部阻抗值最大,约为169kΩ.这说明在焊件接头各区域中,焊缝处的耐腐蚀性最好,原因可能是焊缝区的微观组织比较致密,并且残余应力较小.

石墨烯对Ag/AgCl电极水下电场探测性能的影响研究

利用石墨烯制备新型Ag/AgCl电极,开展其电化学性能及探测性能研究。通过对表面结构表征、电极极差、幅频响应、自噪声、极化曲线、吸水量和扫描振动电极等进行测试,分析石墨烯的加入及其含量对Ag/AgCl电极探测性能的影响规律。研究发现:相对于Ag/AgCl电极,石墨烯-Ag/AgCl电极极差稳定时间短、极差小、电化学性能好,适用于快速部署测量;石墨烯含量不同,对于改变Ag/AgCl电极与溶液界面接触性质有不同的作用机制:石墨烯含量为1%时主要表现在提高电极的孔隙率、增大比表面积;石墨烯含量为3%时主要表现在改善电极表面均匀性、加速溶液介质渗透。不同的作用机制是导致不同石墨烯含量Ag/AgCl电极电化学性能差异的主要原因。

GW93镁合金点蚀过程的原位监测及点蚀机制

镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料有很多优异性能,但镁自身化学性质活泼,耐蚀性差,尤其易发生点蚀,破坏性和隐患性非常大。若想降低点蚀对镁合金部件安全服役性能的影响,就需要对镁合金点蚀机制有清楚的认识。然而,适用于其他金属材料的经典的点蚀机制是以形成氧浓差电池为基础,阴极发生的是氧还原反应,而镁合金阴极发生的是析氢反应,因此镁合金的点蚀形成过程尚需深入研究。采用扫描振动电极技术(SVET)原位监测了铸态GW93镁合金在3. 5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中的点蚀过程,采用SEM观察了腐蚀过程镁合金微观形貌变化,采用电流-时间曲线对比了阴阳极电位对点蚀发展的影响。研究结果表明,点蚀坑外是微阴极,发生析氢反应,点蚀坑内是微阳极,发生镁的溶解反应,随着时间增加,点蚀发展过程是动态变化的。镁合金中第二相所导致的微电偶腐蚀加速效应及氯离子在腐蚀坑内的聚集,两者的协同作用驱动了点蚀不断向基体内部生长。

微区电化学方法在电偶腐蚀领域的应用

概述了近些年来微区电化学测量技术在电偶腐蚀方面的研究进展,包括丝束电极技术(WBE)、扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)、扫描振动参比电极技术(SVET)、局部电化学交流阻抗谱(LEIS)、扫描开尔文探针(SKP)等微区电化学测量技术的应用状况,并对其未来的发展及应用进行了论述。

Effect of scratch on corrosion resistance of calcium phosphate conversion coated AZ80 magnesium alloy

In order to analyze the effect of scratch on the corrosion behaviour of a calcium phosphate conversion coating(CPCC)on AZ80,the electrochemical testing,scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),immersion test and hydrogen evolution experiment were performed to study the corrosion resistance of AZ80,AZ80 with CPCC and coated AZ80 with scratch.The results show that the coating improves the corrosion resistance of the AZ80 from a current density of(85±4)to(4±1)μA/cm^(2).When the coating was damaged,its protection on substrate would be reduced.The scratch with a length of around 12 mm on the coating reduced the corrosion resistance to a current density of(39±1)μA/cm^(2).In addition,the corrosion occurred initially in the scratch area and the corrosion site first occurred at the junction of the scratch and the coating.Besides,the micro corrosion mechanism of the specimen containing scratch was clarified.

石墨烯纳米片提升环氧富锌涂层耐蚀性的影响机制研究

环氧富锌涂层(ZRE)在海上风电、高速列车中防腐蚀方面得到了广泛应用,富锌涂层中作为牺牲阳极相的Zn粉利用率与涂层中的微导电通道有关。通过向ZRE中添加石墨烯纳米片(GNP)来提高ZRE的屏蔽性能和涂层中Zn粉的阴极保护效率,研究了添加0.5%(质量分数)GNP的ZRE涂层对碳钢保护的长效性影响。利用SEM和光学显微镜对模拟海水浸泡后的涂层表面微观形貌和碳钢基体的宏观形貌进行表征;通过对比涂层电化学阻抗中的特征低频阻抗|Z|_(0.01 Hz)和特征频率f-45°随时间的变化规律,发现GNP可显著提升ZRE涂层的耐蚀能力。采用微区电化学测试技术(SVET)研究了表面带模拟缺陷ZRE涂层在模拟海水中的腐蚀发展过程,发现GNP可显著扩展Zn粉的牺牲阳极保护区域,可将40%(质量分数,下同)Zn含量的ZRE涂层的|Z|_(0.01 Hz)提高1个数量级。在120 h浸泡周期内,含GNP的ZRE涂层可以为缺陷下的碳钢基体提供有效的阴极保护。进一步研究表明:0.5%的GNP对40%ZRE防腐蚀性能提升最明显,其次是70%ZRE和10%ZRE。这是因为ZRE涂层内均匀分散的GNP片层结构不仅可显著提升ZRE涂层的物理屏蔽性能,同时还通过GNP-Zn微电偶激活了Zn粉牺牲阳极活性,以及通过桥梁作用强化了Zn颗粒之间的联络导电能力,从而提高了涂层中Zn粉的利用效率。

Understanding the galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple using SVET and SIET

The galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple in 0.1 M NaCl solutions has been studied using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET)f the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple was found to be dependent on pH and immersion time. Current density maps obtained by SVET shows that the anodic oxidation processes emerge from Al in a localized manner in pH 2 and 6 solutions but is initiated in a uniform manner in pH 13 solution, whereas, the cathodic processes are more homogeneously distributed over the Q-phase at pH 2.6 and 13. It is seen that the Q-phase remains cathodic in the Q-phase/Al couple in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions indicating that the galvanic polarity of the Q-phase is independent of pH. The effect of the galvanic corrosion was largest at pH 2 and 13 compared to pH 6. The pH map obtained by SIET indicates that the galvanic activity of the Q-phase/Al couple proceeds via heavy alkalization of the Q-phase surface with the generation of appreciable amounts of OH~ ions. The enrichment of Cu indicated by EDX is responsible for the observed cathodic activity of the Q-phase in the Q-phase/Al couple.

微区电化学测量技术进展及在腐蚀领域的应用

综述了近年来微区电化学测试系统的各项技术设备原理及应用的发展概况,分别探讨了扫描振动参比电极技术(SVET)、扫描开尔文探针(SKP)、局部电化学交流阻抗谱(LEIS)和扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)等微区电化学测量系统在腐蚀理论研究与防护技术领域的应用;并指出在发展更加精密、可靠和满足快速的SVET、SKP、LEIS和SECM等微区电化学测量系统的同时,将以上技术用于金属各种局部腐蚀的机理和相组织腐蚀电化学的研究中,不但可以积累以上技术关于腐蚀电化学研究中的基础数据与规律,还可以加快这些技术的发展。

扫描振动电极技术在腐蚀领域的应用进展

概述了扫描振动电极技术的基本原理,并重点对该技术在材料局部腐蚀、缓蚀剂和涂层性能评价等方面的应用进展进行了阐述,最后对其目前应用的局限性进行了总结。

热输入对Q1100钢焊接接头低温韧性及耐蚀性能的影响

采用10 kJ/cm和15 k J/cm两种焊接热输入对Q1100超高强钢进行熔化极气体保护焊,研究焊接接头的组织性能及局部腐蚀行为。结果表明:两种热输入焊接接头的焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和少量的粒状贝氏体,粗晶区组织均为板条贝氏体,细晶区组织均为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,临界相变区组织为多边形铁素体、马奥岛和碳化物的混合组织。两种热输入焊接接头中电荷转移电阻均为母材>热影响区>焊缝区,母材耐蚀性最好,热影响区次之,焊缝区耐蚀性最差。在腐蚀过程中,焊缝区作为阳极最先被腐蚀,当腐蚀一定时间后,腐蚀位置发生改变,阳极腐蚀区域转移到母材区,而焊缝区作为阴极得到保护。热输入为10 k J/cm时,焊接接头具有更好的低温韧性和耐蚀性,其焊缝和热影响区-40℃冲击功分别为46.5 J和30.2 J。

Effect of corrosive media on galvanic corrosion of complicated tri-metallic couples of 2024 Al alloy/Q235 mild steel/304 stainless steel

Galvanic corrosion of tri-metallic couples is more complicated than that of bi-metallic couples. In this study, the effect of the pH of corrosive media on the galvanic corrosion of 2024 A1 alloy/Q235 mild steel/304 stainless steel tri-metallic couples was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, scanning electron microscopy, scanning vibrating electrode technique and a multi-channel galvanic corrosion meter. The results show that 2024 always acts as the only anode in 3.5 wt% NaCl at pH 5.56,9.72 and 12.0, while both Q235 and 2024 act as anodes at pH 2.39 in the initial stage and then the role of Q235 changes at longer coupling time, which can be attributed to the effect of pH on the surface film of 2024. It is also found that the galvanic current density of a tri-metallic couple is the superposition of two bi-metallic couples when cathodic reactions are controlled by the diffusion of oxygen, otherwise it is smaller than that of the sum of two bi-metallic couples. The localized corrosion instead of uniform corrosion of anodic metal is accelerated by galvanic corrosion.

Relationship between La and Ce additions on microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot-dip galvanized steel

Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,a neutral salt spray test,and electrochemical methods were applied to observe the microstructure and test the corrosion resistance of hot-dip galvanized steel before and after the addition of La and Ce.La/Ce mixture existed in the form of(La,Ce)Zn13 on the coated surface,decreased the coating thickness and accelerated the zinc dendritic growth.The corrosion current density of Zn-0.1La-0.1Ce coating was 63%less than that of pure Zn coating.This phenomenon can be explained that La/Ce mixture inhibited the transformation of Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O into Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 or ZnO,reduced the time for appearance of red rust,and thus enhanced the stability of corrosion products and delayed the oxidation and corrosion processes of galvanized coating.La/Ce mixture improved the corrosion resistance compared to a single La or a single Ce addition.A competitive relationship between La and Ce was observed in the corrosion resistance improvement of hot-dip galvanized steel.

Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Drawn Steel for Grounding Grids in the Acidic Red Soil Simulated Solution

The influence of pH and metallographic structure on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel is studied with the simulated system.The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel has been investigated using open-circuit potential,potentiodynamic polarization,galvanic current measurement,scanning electron microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique techniques.The steel is corroded as anode,while the corrosion of copper plate is protected as cathode.All the results revealed that pH and metallographic structure had a significant influence on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel.With the decrease in pH value from 6 to 2.4,the corrosion rate of copper-drawn steel galvanic couple(Cu-Fe GC)obviously increased in the simulated solution of acidic red soil.The electric field formed by the Cu-Fe GC changes the direction of ion migration between the copper and drawn steel electrodes,which impacts the composition and microstructure of corrosion products formed on the electrode surface.

Corrosion Protection of AA2024-T3 by Cerium Malate and Cerium Malate-Doped Sol-Gel Coatings

Cerium malate (CeMal) was tested as a corrosion inhibitor for AA2024-T3 in this work. Corrosion inhibition on bare AA2024-T3 indicated that the inhibiting effect was a result of the synergistic effect of cerium cations and maleic anions. The corrosion of AA2024-T3 was stagnated by greatly reducing the corrosion current when CeMal was present in NaCl solutions. CeMal was adsorbed on the surface of AA2024-T3 forming a protective film in the initial stage. Then, cerium cations transformed to cerium oxide/hydroxides, precipitating on the cathode sites to inhibit the further corrosion. The electrochemical impedance spectra results of the sol-gel coatings proved that CeMal was an effective corrosion inhibitor in the sol-gel coatings to provide corrosion protection for AA2024-T3.

Inhibition of galvanic corrosion in Al/Cu coupling model by synergistic combination of 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol and cerium chloride

Asynergistic inhibition study was carried out on an aluminium/copper galvanic coupling model in neutral aerated NaCl solution using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET).The approach allows the simulation of the local micro-galvanic cells of AA2024-T3 obtained from the potential difference between the intermetallic particles(IMPs)and the aluminium matrix.The inhibition effect of CeCl3 and 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol(ATAT)was demonstrated by the reduction in the galvanic current density over Al and Cu surfaces.An improved inhibition from positive synergistic effect was revealed by the combination of the two inhibitors after 24 h of immersion,with the best inhibition recorded for Ce1.5ATAT3.5.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)were used to characterize the Ce-and ATAT-based complex film formed and to illustrate the mechanism of inhibition.

Effects of chloride on electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking behavior of 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel

The electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking behavior of 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel is investigated in the chloride environment by using the traditional electrochemical method, the scanning vibrating electrode technique and the slow strain rate test (SSRT). Results of the static corrosion tests and corrosion morphology show that the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries are the preferred sites for pit nucleation and growth in chloride environment. Results of SSRT coupled with insitu electrochemical test show that the transition from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion, as well as the nucleation of stress corrosion crack, is the synergistic effects of the chloride and applied load. Stress corrosion cracking of the steel in the chloride environment can be divided into three different regions as follows: fast and uniform corrosion activ-ity, microcrack nucleation and propagation, and active crack growth regions.