The Role of TGF-β_1 in Mice Hepatic Fibrosis by Schistosomiasis Japonica

To investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in mice with hepatic fi- brosis caused by Schistosomiasis Japonica, ELISA,VG staining and multimedia color hieroglyph quan- titative analysis were used to study the change of the serum TGF-β1, liver collagen fiber and reticular fiber in mice. The level of serum TGF-β1 in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01 or P<0. 05) 8, 10, 12 weeks after infected by schistosomiasis. After infec- tion, the level of liver collagen fiber and reticular fiber, and that of TGF -β1 increased over time (P< 0.01 or P<0. 05). In mice infected by Schistosomiasis Japonica, the level of TGF-β1 increased with prolongation of infection time, and with the increase of liver collagen fiber and reticular fiber. TGFβ1 plays an important role of immunomodulation in hepatic fibrosis formation caused by Schistosomiasis Japonica.

Publication output of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China: a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment

Background:Although sustainable control since 1950s has achieved great successes,schistosomiasis japonica remains a major public health problem in China.Since 2004,a new integrated strategy was developed aiming to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum through the implementation of a package of interventions.To date,no systematic review or meta-analysis assessing the effectiveness of this new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis control in China has been published.We performed a PubMed-based bibliometric assessment of publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China,to understand the global transmissibility and sharing of the new integrated strategy.Methods:An in-depth bibliometric analysis of all publications on the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China was performed through a PubMed search using the terms 'schistosomiasis' and 'China,'from January 1,2004 to August 31,2018.All titles and abstracts were read carefully,and the publications reporting the effectiveness,experiences,lessons,or problems of the new integrated strategy were included in the bibliometric analysis.Results:Overall,2,361 titles were screened,and 70 eligible publications were accessed for analyses,including 23 studies in English,published in 15 international journals,and 47 studies in Chinese with abstracts in English,published in 3 national journals.Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control (Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi) published 60% of the research output,Research articles (48.6%) and short reports (37.1%) were the dominant manuscript types.Furthermore,471 contributing authors from 277 affiliations across 9 countries produced these 70 publications.Conclusion:This is the first PubMed-based quantitative analysis of the research output of the new integrated strategy,and our data indicate a low global transmissibility of Chinese new integrated strategy.We therefore call for more research outputs of the new integrated strategy for schistosomiasis japonica control in China to be communicated through international platforms.

Construction of a hepatic stellate cells subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes in normal mice and mice with Schistosomiasis japonica

To construct a hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) subtracted cDNA library to find differentially expressed genes in normal mice and mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum). Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used. The cDNA fragments of normal mouse were compared to those of schistosoma-infected mice to find differentially expressed genes. Then differentially expressed cDNA fragments were directly inserted into T/A cloning vector to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with transformation of DH5α. The amplified library contained more than 400 positive bacterial clones, which were then hybridized with forward and backward subtracted probes for differential screening. One hundred positive bacterial clones were randomly selected for sequencing and BLAST analysis. Finally, virtual Northern Blot confirmed such differential expression. The subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes of HSCs was constructed successfully, the library is efficient and lays foundation for screening and cloning new and specific genes of schistosomiasis.

Study on IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 in Liver and Bone Marrow of Mice Infected with Schistosomiasis Japonica

Summary: To compare Th2 cytokines levels in livers and bone marrow of mice infected with Schistosomiasis Japonica and understand their implication, ABC immunohistochemical staining technique and multimedia pathologic pictures analysis were used to detect the IL 4, IL 5 and IL 10 derived from livers and bone marrow of infected mice. Results showed that in the livers of infected mice, IL 4, IL 5 and IL 10 were obviously increased over time. The level of IL 4 was increased most among the 3 indicators. In bone marrow of infected mice, however, even though IL 4 was slowly increased over time, it was lower than that of livers in 10th and 12th week. The level of IL 5 was higher than that of livers during 12th weeks. Before 10th weeks IL 10 was elevated. After 12th week IL 10 was decreased and obviously lower than that of livers. It is concluded that in mice infected with Schistosomiasis Japonica , the immune response occurred mainly in the liver. Therefore, in bone marrow, IL 5 showed obvious auto secretion. It might be related to its biological ability to induce B cell division and eosinophil differentiation.

Th_2细胞因子在日本血吸虫小鼠肝脏中的变化及其与肝纤维化的比较

为探讨Ｔｈ２细胞因子在感染日本血吸虫小鼠肝脏中的变化及其在肝纤维化中的意义，采用ＡＢＣ免疫组化法，ＶＧ染色及多媒体病理图文定量分析，研究感染后ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－１０和肝内胶原纤维的变化。结果发现：小鼠肝脏ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－５、ＩＬ－１０随感染时间延长而明显升高，肝内胶原纤维化程度随感染时间延长而逐渐增多和加强，与Ｔｈ２细胞因子表达呈显著正相关。提示小鼠肝脏是感染血吸虫后机体免疫应答场所之一，Ｔｈ２细胞因子在血吸虫肝脏肉芽肿及纤维化形成中起重要介导作用。

Estimating the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica in China:a serological approach

Background:The prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica has decreased significantly,and the responses changing from control to elimination in Jiangsu Province,P.R.China.How to estimate the change in prevalence of schistosomiasis using only serological data will be important and useful.Methods:We collected serum samples from 2011 to 2015 to build a serum bank from Dantu County of Jiangsu,China.Serum samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the positive rate and optical density(OD)value were obtained.The Bayesian model including the prior information of sensitivity and specificity of ELISA was established,and the estimated infection rates were obtained for different years,genders and age groups.Results:There was no significant difference in the mean OD between different years and genders,but there was a significant difference between the different age groups.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate for different years and age groups,but no significant difference at different genders.The estimated infection rate for the five years was 1.288,1.456,1.032,1.485 and 1.358%,respectively.There was no significant difference between different years and between genders,but a significant difference between different age groups.Conclusions:The risk of schistosomiasis transmission in this area still exists,and risk monitoring of schistosomiasis should be strengthened.

Effect of Anluohuaxian Tablet Combined with γ-IFN on Schistosomal Liver Fibrosis

The therapeutic effects of anluohuaxian tablet combined with γ-IFN on schistosomal liver fibrosis and its mechanism were studied in a murine model and clinical cases of schistosomal liver fibrosis, Fifty Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups： normal control group, infection control group, anluohuaxian tablet-treated group, γ-IFN-treated group and combined treatment （anluohuaian tablet＋γ-IFN） group. Pathologic changes in liver, including hepatic pigmentation and the size of schistosomal egg granuloma, were observed by HE staining after treatment for 8 weeks. The expression of the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen, and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β1 mRNA expression was examined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Sixty patients with schistosomal liver fibrosis were divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with anluohuaxian tablet in combination with γ-IFN for 6 months. Before and after treatment, the changes of symptoms and signs, liver function, serum liver fibrosis indexes and imaging indexes were observed. The results showed that as compared with infection control group, all forms of treatments relieved the hepatic pathological injury with apparently diminished size of schistosomal egg nodules and decreased percentage of pigmentation （P〈0.05）. Furthermore, the expression of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA in combined treatment group was significantly decreased as compared with anluohuaxian tablet-treated and γ-IFN-treated groups （P〈0.05）. In the clinical observation, the serum liver fibrosis indexes, the portal vein width as well as the spleen thickness was significantly reduced in treatment group as compared with control group （P〈0.05）. It was concluded that the combined use of anluohuaxian tablet with γ-IFN in schistosomal liver fibrosis could protect liver function, alleviate liver fibrosis, and could be used as a choice in treating patients with schiatosomal liver fibrosis.

Sigmoid colonic carcinoma associated with deposited ova of Schistosoma japonicum:A case report

We report a case of sigmoid colonic carcinoma associated with deposited ova of Schistosoma japonicum. A 57-year old woman presented with a 10-mo history of left lower quadrant abdominal pain and a 2-mo history of bloody stools. She had a significant past medical history of asymptomatic schistosomiasis japonica and constipation. A colonoscopy showed an exophytic fragile neoplasm with an ulcerating surface in the sigmoid colon. During the radical operative procedure, we noted the partially encircling tumor was located in the distal sigmoid colon, and extended into the serosa. Succedent pathological analysis demonstrated the diagnosis of sigmoid colonic ulcerative tubular adenocarcinoma, and showed deposited ova of Schistosoma japonicum in both tumor lesions and mesenteric lymph nodes. Three days after surgery the patient returned to the normal bowel function with one defecation per day. These findings reveal that deposited schistosome ova play a possible role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.

Th17细胞/调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡促进小鼠日本血吸虫病肝虫卵肉芽肿形成

目的探究Th17细胞/调节性T细胞(Treg)失衡在日本血吸虫病肝虫卵肉芽肿形成中的作用。方法采用6~8周龄的BALB/c小鼠建立日本血吸虫感染模型,在感染后第2、4、6、8周处死小鼠,收集肝脾组织和血液。采用HE染色和Masson染色检测小鼠肝组织病变情况;流式细胞术检测肝、脾组织中Th17细胞、Treg百分比变化;实时定量PCR检测肝组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、IL-10、IL-17、IL-23和维甲酸相关孤核受体γt(RORγt)、叉头盒转录因子P3(FOXP3)的mRNA水平;ELISA检测血清中IL-6、IL-17、IL-23和转化生长因子β(TGF-β)表达水平。制备日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(SjSEA),体外刺激小鼠脾细胞,实时定量PCR检测不同时间点RORγt、FOXP3的mRNA水平,ELISA检测培养上清液中IL-6、IL-17、IL-23、TGF-β的水平。结果血吸虫感染第4周开始,肝组织中出现炎性细胞浸润、虫卵肉芽肿形成和胶原蛋白沉积增加,感染时间越长,病变程度越严重。在肝、脾组织中,与正常对照组比较,Th17细胞百分数在感染后第2、4、6周显著性升高;Treg百分数在感染后第4、6、8周的小鼠肝组织中显著性升高,而在小鼠脾脏中则是在感染第2、4周显著性升高。与正常对照组相比,在肝组织中,Th17细胞/Treg比值在感染组均明显降低;在脾组织中,Th17细胞/Treg比值在感染后第2、4周明显降低,第6周出现升高。Th17细胞/Treg比例失衡在肝脏更为明显。感染小鼠肝组织和血清中相关的转录因子和细胞因子表达水平与Th17细胞和Treg的动态变化相吻合。SjSEA刺激小鼠脾细胞能够诱导Th17细胞的分化以及相关细胞因子和转录因子的表达。结论Th17细胞在血吸虫病的肝组织病理损伤中可能起主要作用,Th17细胞/Treg比例失衡与日本血吸虫肝虫卵肉芽肿反应和纤维化的形成密切相关。

A novel and effective hyperthermia method for Schistosomiasis japonica prevention and treatment

The emerging resistance to schistosoma has been paid much attention and is in urgent need for a novel strategy to control the prevalent parasitic zoonosis. In this study, the efficiency of hyperthermia therapy was investigated by the skin hyperthermia device. The survival rate of cercariae decreased from 68.15 %(37 °C, 5 min) to 0(49 °C, 10 min) with the thermal dosages increased, which proved the preventing effect of hyperthermia therapy(P \ 0.05). Therapeutic effects were assessed in Schistosoma japonicum-infected BALB/c mice. When the cercarial contact region of the skin was treated at 45–49 °C for5 min within 8 h of infection, worm reduction rate(WRR)reached 74 %–83 %(P \ 0.01). The sensitivity of adultschistosoma to heat was also investigated using microwave intraperitoneal hyperthermia(thermal dosages 42–43 °C,20 min). The WRR, hepatic shift rates and egg reduction rates were 23.7 %, 40 % and 30 %, respectively, comparing with 80.2 %, 59.6 % and 53.9 % of praziquantel(PZQ)-treated group. Encouraging results have been obtained that hyperthermia can effectively kill schistosomula, especially with the appearance of cercarial dermatitis, while PZQ lacks efficacy against the cercariae. Thus,hyperthermia therapy would show significant benefit in preventing and treatment of schistosoma, especially in the early stage.

Pentoxifylline Inhibits Liver Fibrosis via Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Infection of schistosomiasis japonica may eventually lead to liver fibrosis, and no effective antifibrotic therapies are available but liver transplantation. Hedgehog（HH） signaling pathway has been involved in the process and is a promising target for treating liver fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the effects of pentoxifylline（PTX） on liver fibrosis induced by schistosoma japonicum infection by inhibiting the HH signaling pathway. Phorbol12-myristate13-acetate（PMA） was used to induce human acute mononuclear leukemia cells THP-1 to differentiate into macrophages. The THP-1-derived macrophages were stimulated by soluble egg antigen（SEA）, and the culture supernatants were collected for detection of activation of macrophages. Cell Counting Kit-8（CCK-8） was used to detect the cytotoxicity of the culture supernatant and PTX on the LX-2 cells. The LX-2 cells were administered with activated culture supernatant from macrophages and（or） PTX to detect the transforming growth factor-β gene expression. The m RNA expression of shh and gli-1, key parts in HH signaling pathway, was detected. The m RNA expression of shh and gli-1 was increased in LX-2 cells treated with activated macrophages-derived culture supernatant, suggesting HH signaling pathway may play a key role in the activation process of hepatic stellate cells（HSCs）. The expression of these genes decreased in LX-2 cells co-cultured with both activated macrophages-derived culture supernatant and PTX, indicating PTX could suppress the activation process of HSCs. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that PTX prevents liver fibrogenesis in vitro by the suppression of HH signaling pathway.

Approaches being used in the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China:a review

Schistosomiasis japonica,caused by the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum,remains a major public health problem in China,although great success has been achieved.The control efforts during the past half-decade,notably the wide implementation of the new integrated strategy with emphasis on control of the source of S.japonicum infection across the country since 2004,has greatly reduced S.japonicum in humans,livestock,and intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails,and transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved in China in 2015.A two-stage roadmap was therefore proposed for schistosomiasis elimination in 2015,with aims to achieve transmission interruption by 2020 and achieve disease elimination by 2025 in the country.During the last two decades,a variety of approaches,which target the epidemiological factors of schistosomiasis japonica have been developed,in order to block the transmission cycle of the parasite.These approaches have been employed in the national or local schistosomiasis control activities,and facilitated,at least in part,the progress of the schistosomiasis elimination programs.Here,we present an approach to control the source of S.japonicum infection,three new tools for snail control,three approaches for detecting and monitoring S.japonicum infection,and a novel model for health education.These approaches are considered to play a great role in the stage moving towards transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy:a longitudinal case study in Sichuan,China

Background:Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern in China.Since 2004,an integrated strategy was developed to control the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China.However,the long-term effectiveness of this integrated strategy for the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission remains unknown in the mountainous and hilly regions of China until now.This longitudinal study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy on transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Sichuan Province from 2005 through 2014.Methods:The data regarding replacement of bovines with machines,improved sanitation,access to clean water,construction of public toilets and household latrines,snail control,chemotherapy,and health education were captured from the annual report of the schistosomiasis control programmes in Sichuan Province from 2005 to 2014,and S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails were estimated to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated strategy.Results:During the 10-year period from 2005 through 2014,a total of 536568 machines were used to replace bovines,and 3284333 household lavatories and 15523 public latrines were built.Tap water was supplied to 19116344 residents living in the endemic villages.A total of 230098 hm2 snail habitats were given molluscicide treatment,and 357233 hm2 snail habitats received environmental improvements.There were 7268138 humans and 840845 bovines given praziquantel chemotherapy.During the 10-year study period,information,education and communication(IEC)materials were provided to village officers,teachers and schoolchildren.The 10-year implementation of the integrated strategy resulted in a great reduction in S.japonicum infection in humans,bovines and snails.Since 2007,no acute infection was detected,and no schistosomiasis cases or infected bovines were identified since 2012.In addition,the snail habitats reduced by 62.39%in 2014 as compared to that in 2005,and no S.japonicum infection was identified in snails since 2007.By 2014,88.9%of the endemic counties achieved the transmission interruption of schistosomiasis and transmission control of schistosmiasis was achieved in the whole province in 2008.Conclusion:The government-directed and multi-department integrated strategy is effective for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis in the mountainous and hilly regions of China.

Modulation of in vivo granuloma formation related to regulation of in vitro IFN γ and IL 4 expressions in experimental Schistosomiasis japonica

Objective To find out relationship between the in vitro schistosome egg antigen (SEA) stimulated IFN γ and IL 4 mRNA expressions and the in vivo SEA elicited granulomatous responses, the transcriptions of IFN γ and IL 4 gene were investigated in the spleen of BALB/c mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum (S japonicum) Methods Spleens were removed at 0, 3, 5, 8, and 10 and 12 weeks after infection and the spleen cells were incubated in the presence of SEA The extracted RNA was analyzed for IFN γ and IL 4 mRNA by reverse transcription PCR (RT PCR) Newly formed liver granulomas were measured Results The study revealed that no detectable IFN γ and IL 4 mRNA RT PCR products were found in SEA treated spleen cells from uninfected, or 3 week infected mice, whereas IL 4 mRNA was found to be expressed in 5 and 8 week infected mice, and an appreciable enhanced expression of IL 4 mRNA was observed in SEA stimulated spleen cells at 8 week infection than at 5 week infections However, SEA could not induce IFN γ and IL 4 mRNA transcription in 10 and 12 week infected mice, indicating the modulated expression of IFN γ and IL 4 mRNA Conclusion The significant changes of IL 4 mRNA expression in SEA stimulated spleen cells during S japonicum infection were coincident with SEA elicited granuloma formation and modulation in vivo

间接血凝试验在日本血吸虫病门诊筛查诊断中的价值分析

目的分析间接血凝试验(IHA)在日本血吸虫病门诊筛查诊断中的效能。方法选取2021年12月至2023年1月于本站行日本血吸虫病筛查的300例居民,实施IHA与胶体金免疫渗滤斑点法(DIGFA)。以病原学检测(改良加藤厚涂片法合并尼龙绢集卵孵化法)为“金标准”,对比分析IHA、DIGFA在日本血吸虫病门诊筛查中的效能。结果以病原学检测为“金标准”,IHA的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为80.77%(21/26)、98.20%(273/278)、98.00%(294/300),明显高于DIGFA的23.08%(6/26)、93.13%(271/291)、92.33%(277/300),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。κ检验显示,IHA筛查日本血吸虫病与病原学检测结果具有极好的一致性(κ=0.864,P=0.000)。结论IHA在日本血吸虫病诊断中的特异度、准确度较高,可用于日本血吸虫病的早期门诊筛查。

Paeoniflorin prevents hepatic fibrosis of Schistosomiasis japonica by inhibiting TGF-β1 production from macrophages in mice

In order to investigate the effect of paeoniflorin(PAE)on hepatic fibrosis of mice with Schistosomiasis japonica in vivo and in vitro,a model of hepatic fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis was established in mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum.Then,PAE was orally administered before and after praziquantel treat-ment and both therapeutics were given simultaneously at different time points after the infection.The concentra-tion of serum hyaluronic acid(HA)was determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Hepatic granuloma and fib-rosis were evaluated via HE and Masson staining.The expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),transform-ing growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and collagen I(Col I)protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.The effect of soluble egg antigen(SEA)and PAE on the pro-duction of TGF-β1 from mouse peritoneal macrophages(PMQs)was investigated by RT-PCR,Western blotting and ELISA.The effect of TGF-β1 in optimum macro-phage-conditioned medium(OPMCM)on the prolifera-tion of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)and collagen secretion from HSCs with anti-TGF-β1 antibody was explored by MTT assay and ELISA.The results show that PAE could significantly reduce the concentration of serum HA,the size of egg granuloma,the severity of hepatic fibrosis and the expression of a-SMA,TGF-β1 and Col I protein in the pre-treatment group.However,in sim-or post-treatment group,PAE did not have any significant therapeutic effect.TGF-β1 could be secreted from PMQs stimulated by SEA.Meanwhile,the production of TGF-β1 from PMQs could be depressed significantly by PAE in a con-centration-dependent manner.TGF-β1 could promote the proliferation of HSCs and the secretion of collagens.In a word,PAE can prevent hepatic granuloma and fib-rosis caused by schistosomiasis japonica through the inhibition of the secretion of TGF-β1 from PMQs,the proliferation and activation of HSCs and the secretion of collagens from HSCs.

日本血吸虫病常用诊断方法现场查病效果的评估

目的评估几种常用血吸虫病诊断方法现场查病的效果。方法2005年11月,选取江西省鄱阳湖沿岸3个血吸虫病流行村的6～65岁居民为调查对象,用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法,3张涂片)和尼龙绢集卵孵化法进行病原学检测的同时,分别用胶体染料试纸条法(DDIA)、快速酶联免疫吸附试验(F-ELISA)及2种间接红细胞凝集试验(IHA-A和IHA-B)进行血清学检测,以评价该几种检测方法的效果。结果3村共检测居民1864人,平均粪检阳性率为9.7%。改良加藤法在血吸虫病中度、重度流行区的漏检率相对稳定,为20.0%～27.8%;尼龙绢集卵孵化法的漏检率在每克粪便虫卵数(EPG)>100时相对稳定(约25%)。DDIA、F-ELISA、IHA-A和IHA-B的平均阳性率分别为47.8%、50.0%、66.3%和40.1%。以病原学检测结果为金标准,DDIA、F-ELISA、IHA-A和IHA-B的敏感性分别为75.3%、65.8%、85.6%和76.0%;特异性为55.1%、51.7%、35.7%和63.6%。与其他几种免疫血清学诊断方法相比,IHA-B试剂的特异性、Youden指数、阳性似然比及粪检符合率最高。DDIA法与IHA-B法的符合率最高(77.3%),而F-ELISA和IHA-A的符合率最低(61.5%)。结论在血吸虫病中、重度流行区,改良加藤法虫卵检出率和稳定性均优于尼龙绢集卵孵化法;IHA-A的敏感性最高,IHA-B的4个指标最高,具有较高的现场使用价值,但需进一步提高其敏感性。

吡喹酮对日本血吸虫病兔血清离子浓度的影响

目的 :探讨经吡喹酮 (praziquantel)治疗后 ,感染日本血吸虫家兔血清中Ca2 + 、Na+ 等浓度的变化的临床意义。方法 :感染日本血吸虫家兔 4周后 ,经吡喹酮治疗 ,检测治疗后不同时间血清中Ca2 + 、Na+ 、K+ 、Cl-浓度的变化。结果 :喂药后 2h血清Ca2 + 明显下降 ,2周后才有所恢复但仍低于正常的浓度 ;血清Na+ 也下降 ,2周后才基本恢复用药前的水平。结论 :对日本血吸虫感染家兔经吡喹酮治疗后 ,血清Ca2 + 和Na+ 浓度低于喂药前的对照组 ,可考虑适当补充Ca2 + 和Na+ 制剂 ,防止血清低Ca2 + 、Na+ 对机体的损害 。

洞庭湖和鄱阳湖区血吸虫病人畜传染源的作用

湖沼地区血吸虫病最主要的传染源为耕牛,其次是牲猪和外来水上流动人群。但不同类型疫区其不同传染源的作用不尽相同。洲岛型疫区血吸虫病传染源以本地人畜为主,其实际污染能量占总污染能量的70.7％;汊滩型疫区以耕牛为主,其实际污染能量占该类疫区总污染能量的75.5％,其中外来耕牛占53.9％:其次为外来水上流动人群。洲垸型疫区则以耕牛和外来水上流动人群为主要传染源,分别占该类疫区全部传染源污染能量的69.8％和21.4％。枯水季节耕牛为主要传染源,外来水上流动人群为涨水季节的主要传染源。

重组GST-HD融合蛋白用于血吸虫病诊断和疗效考核的研究

目的 探讨重组 GST- HD融合蛋白用于血吸虫病免疫诊断的价值。方法 用 IPTG诱导表达日本血吸虫中国大陆株 2 3k Da分子 (Sj C2 3)的大亲水片段的融合蛋白 (GST- HD) ,再经 Glu-tathione Sepharose 4B凝胶进行亲和纯化。建立应用纯化的 GST- HD融合蛋白检测抗 Sj C2 3抗体的EL ISA血吸虫病诊断方法 (GST- H D EL ISA) ,用该方法和常规的 SEA- EL ISA平行检测血吸虫病人 ,肝吸虫病人及健康人血清 ,同时检测 32份同一病人治疗前、治疗后半年的配对血清 ,比较两种方法诊断血吸虫病的效能和疗效考核价值。结果 GST- HD EL ISA和 SEA- EL ISA检测 90份病人血清的阳性率分别为 95 .5 5 %和 93.33% ,检测 2 9份肝吸虫病人血清 ,交叉反应率分别为 0和 3.44 % ,检测 40份健康人血清假阳性率分别为 0和 2 .5 %。融合蛋白中的 GST分子对实验结果没有影响。检测 32份治疗前、治疗后配对病人血清 ,治疗后 6个月 GST- HD抗体的阴转率达 75 .0 % ,而 SEA抗体的阴转率仅为 12 .5 %。结论 重组表达的 GST- H D融合蛋白分子是一种新的血吸虫病基因工程免疫诊断抗原 。