Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

Evidence-Based Design Application of Water Landscaping for Rehabilitation Gardens for Patients with Mental Disorders

The aim of the article is to explore the influence of the water landscape design of a rehabilitation garden for patients with mental disorders on the recovery effect of patients,intending to provide a better rehabilitation environment for patients with mental disorders.Based on literature research,this article reviews three aspects of evidence-based design theory,the concept of water landscape in rehabilitation gardens,and the types of water features in rehabilitation gardens.The results show that well-designed water features can significantly improve patients’psychological state and reduce anxiety and stress,and that water landscape design in rehabilitation gardens is an effective rehabilitation tool that can facilitate the recovery process of patients with mental disorders.Future designs should take into full consideration patients’needs and preferences,as well as best practices in waterscape design,to maximize its positive impact on patients’recovery.

CIIS Holds the 20th China-US Young Scholars’Dialogue

From November 7 to 10,the China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)held the 20th China-US Yong Scholars’Dialogue,with the theme of“Finding the Right Way for China and the US to Get Along in the New Era:Opportunities and Challenges.”CIIS President Chen Bo delivered the opening remarks,and Vice President Liu Qing delivered the closing speech.

Alternation and Evolution of the Fables of Pre-Qin Scholars Along With the Contextual Changes

The fables of Pre-Qin scholars occupied an important position in the history of the development of Chinese culture,thoughts,and literature,hence had profound and extensive influence on later generations.As a kind of carrier of thoughts,the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars were not immutable and frozen,for they have been influenced by various aspects in the process of transmitting and recognizing.This article attempts to study the evolution of the function,expression,and connotation of the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars.

Were Herod the Great’s Palace Gardens Unique?

Herod the Great built palaces and complexes with innovative excellence.This article explores his success in creating unique and luxurious gardens in desert areas.It does this by discussing the interaction between Herodian architecture already excavated by archaeologists and the newer science of garden archaeology.The investigation gives a realistic knowledge,through laboratory analysis of the plants grown in Herod’s gardens and how inventive he was.

Editorial A Scholar of Dignity:Remembering Peter

It was a shock and disbelief to learn of Peter's death last December.To me,he was so fit in his figure,so healthy in his lifestyle,so mild and mindful in his social behavior,and so devout in his religious belief,......,I had expected a long and happy life for him,and planned to join his 80th or even 100th birthday celebration.

Cultivating the Human Rights Garden

In the practice of advancing the cause of human rights,China has blazed a path of human rights development that is both consistent with the trend of the times and befits the nation’s conditions.WHEN contemplating human rights,the principle of individual freedom often comes to the forefront.The Chinese government’s perception,however,consists in the more organic concept of a metaphorical garden,wherein human rights flourish by virtue of China’s unique soil-its rich history,ancient culture,and political system.China,as a seasoned gardener,thus endeavors,under the leadership of President Xi Jinping,to develop human rights based on its national conditions.

On Translation of Children’s Literature Based on Reception Aesthetics:A Case Study of The Secret Garden

Grounded in reader-centered theories,Reception Aesthetics prioritizes the active engagement and acceptance of target readers.This study examines the translation of children’s literature through the lens of Reception Aesthetics,using Li Wenjun’s rendition of The Secret Garden as a case study.The objective is to scrutinize various aspects of the translation-including vocabulary,syntax,rhetorical devices,and cultural nuances-and to discern how the adaptation and application of diverse translation strategies cater to the aesthetic expectations.

Improving landscape Characteristics in Port Said’s El Sallam Garden via Observational and Space Syntax Analysis

This paper provides a comprehensive examination of El Sallam Garden in Port Said City,concentrating on its landscape characteristics and potential for design enhancement.This study looks at how space syntax can be used to assess the impact of a tree planting design’s spatial configuration on an urban park’s visual fields.Trees play an important role in determining the spatial characteristics of an outdoor space.According to space syntax theory,an urban area is a collection of connected spaces that can be represented by a matrix of quantitative properties known as syntactic measures.Computer simulations can be used to measure the quantitative properties of these matrices.This study uses space syntax techniques to assess how tree configurations and garden area which can affect the social structures of small-scale gardens in Port Said.It also looks at how these techniques can be used to predict the social structures of four garden zones in El Sallam Garden.The study includes an observational and space syntax study through comparative analysis of four garden zones in El Sallam garden.The results of the study show that the area and planting configurations of the garden had a significant effect on the syntactic social and visual measures of the urban garden.The conclusions and recommendations can be a useful tool for landscape architects,urban planners,and legislators who want to enhance public areas and encourage social interaction in urban settings.

Integrating Salt Culture into Rural Revitalization: Planning and Design of a Thematic Creative Agricultural Garden in Jintan, Jiangsu, China

This research establishes a strategic framework for developing a salt culture-themed agricultural garden in Jintan,Jiangsu to boost rural vibrancy and cultural tourism while honoring local salt heritage.It employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)for a data-driven and structured approach to evaluate the sustainability and cultural significance of agricultural initiatives.This framework ensures a balanced blend of agriculture,culture,and tourism to foster a sustainable and culturally rich experience.The study highlights the value of structured methodologies in planning culturally impactful agricultural projects.

ScholarSFX与Google Scholar的本地化

Google Scholar的推出吸引了越来越多的学术研究人员。本文详细介绍了图书馆链接计划的运作模式和SFX技术的原理。重点介绍了免费链接解析服务器ScholarSFX的配置方法,以及它在浙江大学图书馆的应用,最后对Google Scholar图书馆链接的应用情况进行了总结。

资源利用与开发的范例——弗吉尼亚大学图书馆的“Scholars' Lab”

"Scholars' Lab"是一个专为弗吉尼亚大学人文社科专业教师和学生利用图书馆数字资源、寻求专家帮助、进行协同合作与创新研究的场所,其主要理念是图书馆资源与专家学者的有机融合,促进创新项目开展,提升研究层次。实验室由弗吉尼亚大学图书馆的数字化学术研究小组专家学者组成。文章介绍了"Scholars' Lab"的基本概况、服务内容及奖励措施,基于案例分析概括该实验室的几个鲜明特点,旨在为国内大学图书馆创新学科化服务,开发馆藏资源提供参考与帮助。

加拿大安大略省学术门户Scholars Portal的资源建设模式及其启示

加拿大安大略省大学图书馆联盟(OCUL)的重要项目及其成果Scholars Portal具有独特的资源建设模式和发展理念,其在OCUL的领导下重点在电子期刊和电子图书建设方面进行联盟运作,具有严密的组织架构、整合统一的检索平台、共享的基础设施、永久的资源保存等特色。Scholars Portal的运作模式对我国图书馆加强区域联盟资源建设与组织运行、重视数字资源的本地存储与长期保存、提升信息资源的整合力度与易用水平等方面具有启示意义和借鉴作用。

从跨文化交际视角论方言英译的功能对等——以《儒林外史》杨译本为例

以尤金·奈达功能对等理论为指导,从跨文化交际视角,结合吴地方言所包含的人物称谓、风土人情、名物制度的文化功能,分析《儒林外史》杨译本中的方言翻译如何通过归化、异化和折中翻译法来实现文化功能对等。

老年GardenⅠ~Ⅱ型股骨颈骨折病人采用半髋关节置换与内固定治疗的近期价值比较

目的探讨老年GardenⅠ~Ⅱ型股骨颈骨折病人采用半髋关节置换与内固定治疗的近期价值。方法2019年1月~2020年6月我院收治的老年股骨颈骨折病人102例,根据手术治疗方法将其分为对照组51例,观察组51例。对照组予以半髋关节置换术治疗,观察组予以内固定术治疗,比较两组手术相关指标、髋关节功能、髋周肌肉损伤、骨代谢指标及并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、住院时间较对照组短,术中失血量明显较对照组少,观察组术后3及6个月Harris髋关节评分量表(HHS)评分低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年及2年,两组HHS评分比较无明显差异。观察组术后3天肌酸激酶(CK)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素(IL)-6)均较同期对照组低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后3个月血清骨钙素蛋白(BGP)、骨碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)均明显较对照组低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年两组BGP、ALP、BMP-2比较无明显差异。观察组和对照组术后并发症发生率分别为9.80%和15.69%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年GardenⅠ~Ⅱ型股骨颈骨折病人内固定术治疗近期效果与半髋关节置换术相当,且前者在手术时间、创伤等方面更具优势。

Botanic gardens should lead the way to create a "Garden Earth" in the Anthropocene

The strength and expertise that botanic gardens bring to conservation are based on their detailed knowledge and understanding of the care. management, and biology of a diversity of plant species. This emphasis on the organism has led to many ex-situ and in-situ conservation programs aimed at protecting endangered species, restoring threatened populations, and establishing living plant and seed collections of endangered species. In China, the scale and pace of change in land and resource use, often leading to environmental degradation, has created a strong emphasis on improving environmental conditions. If done properly, being "green" can be a surprisingly complex issue, because it should encompass and exploit the whole of plant diversity and function. Unfortunately, 'green' often includes a small portion of this whole. Earth's rich plant diversity presents considerable opportunity but requires expertise and knowledge for stable and beneficial management. With the dawning of the Anthropocene, we should strive to live on a "Garden Earth", where we design and manage our environments, both built and natural, to create a healthy, beneficial living landscape for people and other organisms. The staff of botanic gardens worldwide and the living collections they maintain embody the best examples of sustainable, beautiful, and beneficial environments that thrive on plant diversity. This expertise should be a fundamental resource for agencies in all sectors responsible for managing and designing "green" infrastructure. Botanic gardens should actively engage and contribute to these opportunities, from large public infrastructure projects to small private conservation efforts. Here, we discuss several ongoing conservation efforts, primarily in China, and attempt to identify areas where botanic gardens could make a significant and meaningful difference.

The contribution of botanic gardens to ex situ conservation through seed banking

Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation calls for 'at least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes by 2020'.Botanic gardens make a significant contribution to ex situ conservation of wild species with more than a third of plant species represented in botanic gardens collections. These collections are a combination of living collection and seed banked material. Seed banking can provide an efficient form of conservation for wild plant genetic diversity.Information from Botanic Gardens Conservation International's(BGCI) databases(GardenSearch,PlantSearch, ThreatSearch and GlobalTreeSearch) has been analysed as well as survey data to report on global, regional and national seed banking trends.Information from BGCI's databases indicates that there are at least 350 seed banking botanic gardens in 74 countries. In total 56,987 taxa have been banked including more than 9000 taxa that are threatened with extinction. 6881 tree species are stored in ex situ seed bank collections. More than half(3562) of these tree species are single country endemics and represent species from more than 166 countries.This study suggests that institutions are increasingly conserving plant species via seed banking.However the majority of species in collections that have a conservation assessment are not threatened with extinction. This disjunction between species that are threatened and those conserved in seed banks needs to be addressed. Data from BGCI's databases can be used to enable prioritisation of threatened plant species for collection and conservation in seed banks. Further recommendations for botanic gardens involved in seed conservation are presented.

Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of China's Community Gardens

Since the 1970s,community gardens have played an important role in promoting the development of sustainable communities and improving urban environments in the United States. Despite the popularity of spontaneous urban farming activities in China,community gardens have not caught on as an ecologically and socially sustainable urban development strategy. Based on a comparison of community garden development in China and the U.S.,the authors of this article fi nd that the development of community gardens in China will require close collaboration between city planning officials,real estate agencies,urban citizens,and landscape architects.

Manifestation of Traditional Cultures in Classical Chinese and Korean Gardens

Classical garden as a kind of comprehensive art embodies a nation's culture and spirit, and culture has a direct impact on the style of classical gardens in the same period. Traditional Chinese and Korean gardens have intimate connection with each other and have their own unique systems. Also it is no exception in culture, that is, similar traditional cultures have different manifestations in their respective classical gardens. This study analyzes different manifestations of yin and yang and Five Elements Theory, thought of immortals and Confucianism in classical gardens of China and Korea.

Adapting the botanical landscape of Melbourne Gardens(Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria)in response to climate change

Botanic gardens around the world maintain collections of living plants for science, conservation, education, beauty and more. These collections change over time-in scope and content-but the predicted impacts of climate change will require a more strategic approach to the succession of plant species and their landscapes. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria has recently published a 'Landscape Succession Strategy'for its Melbourne Gardens, a spectacular botanical landscape established in 1846. The strategy recognizes that with 1.6 million visitors each year, responsibility for a heritage-listed landscape and the need to care for a collection of 8500 plant species of conservation and scientific importance, planting and planning must take into account anticipated changes to rainfall and temperature. The trees we plant today must be suitable for the climate of the twenty-second century. Specifically, the Strategy sets out the steps needed over the next twenty years to transition the botanic garden to one resilient to the climate modelled for2090. The document includes a range of practical measures and achievable(and at times somewhat aspirational) targets. Climate analogues will be used to identify places in Australia and elsewhere with conditions today similar to those predicted for Melbourne in 2090, to help select new species for the collection. Modelling of the natural and cultivated distribution of species will be used to help select suitable growth forms to replace existing species of high value or interest. Improved understanding of temperature gradients within the botanic garden, water holding capacity of soils and plant water use behaviour is already resulting in better targeted planting and irrigation. The goal is to retain a similar diversity of species but transition the collection so that by 2036 at least 75% of the species are suitable for the climate in 2090. Over the next few years we hope to provide 100% of irrigation water from sustainable water sources, and infrastructure will be improved to adapt to predicted higher temperatures and more climatic extremes. At all times there will be a strong focus on assisting the broader community in their response to climate change.