Building International Consensus and Working Together to Advance the Development of the Global Human Rights Cause—Summary of Academic Views at the Forum on Global Human Rights Governance

On June 14-15,2023,the Forum on Global Human Rights Governance,jointly hosted by the State Council Information Office,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,and the China International Development Cooperation Agency,was held in Beijing under the theme of“Equality,Cooperation and Development:The 30th Anniversary of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and Global Human Rights Governance.”Participants conducted in-depth discussions and exchanges on topics such as“International Cooperation and Global Human Rights Governance,”“Global Development Initiative and the Realization of the Right to Development”,“Global Security Initiative and Human Rights Protection,”“UN Human Rights Mechanisms and Global Human Rights Governance,”and“Human Rights Protection in the Digital Age.”The event helped build international consensus and yielded fruitful achievements.

Revisiting the Spirit of the UDHR and Discussing Human Rights Development——Summary of Views from the Seminar Commemorating the 75th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.

China's Contributions to South-South Human Rights Governance: Concept and Practice——In the Vision of Global Human Rights Governance

Currently, human rights governance in Global South countries faces non-traditional human rights challenges in addition to the traditional ones. The view of human rights governance dominated by Western liberalism is already overstretched when facing the human rights governance dilemma of the less-developed countries. The proposal to build a community with a shared future for mankind as well as The Belt and Road have contributed new Chinese wisdom and action plans for South-South cooperation and global governance rights both theoretically and practically, which has important significance for easing the predicament of the human rights protection in the Global South.

The Contribution, Experience and Risk Control of Social Organizations’ Participation in Global Human Rights Governance

As the"third sector",social organizations are increasingly involved in human rights affairs in the era of governance through cooperation.They play an important role in the construction of a human rights community with the core of"common human values",and together with the government and other relevant subjects,they become the guarantors of human rights.By sorting out the main contributions of social organizations and successful experiences participating in human rights governance,it can be seen that they timely support relevant policies and laws and the participation through certain modes are successful experiences of social organizations in participating in human rights governance.Under the guarantee of the mechanism of effectiveness and risk control along the whole chain before,during and after the process,these contributions and experience will provide better Chinese experience and Chinese programs to promote global human rights governance and the progress of human rights cause in the world.

A Summary of the Symposium on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Global Governance of Human Rights

On June 8,2017,a symposium on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Human Rights Global Governance was held in Jinnan campus of Nankai University.It was hosted by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the Publicity Department of Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and organized by Nankai University.

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind: a Chinese Scheme of Global Human Rights Governance

Sponsored by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the Publicity Department of the Tianjin Municipal Committee,the symposium on building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Global Human Rights Governance starts today at Nankai University.On behalf of the China Society for Human Rights Studies,I would like to extend my warm congratulations to the conveners of conference,and

Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Promoting the Development of Global Human Rights Governance

In January this year,President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech entitled"Work Together to Build a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind at the United Nations Office at Geneva,in which he systematically elaborated on the major concept of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind,pointing out the direction for reforming and improving global governance and providing China’s proposition

双重股权结构在公司治理中的应用研究

随着中国经济体制改革的加速,外部投资市场资金的流入给上市公司带来了不少机遇。然而,机遇往往伴随着挑战,如何在吸引外部资金的同时,保障创始人的控制权并确保公司的长期稳定发展成为了一个亟待解决的问题。在这样的背景下,双重股权结构应运而生,成为保障创始人控制权的重要手段。文章阐述了双重股权结构的概念、特征、优势与不足,并结合公司治理对双重股权结构的应用提出了针对性的建议,对促进我国资本市场和企业的健康发展具有重要意义。

高校学生参与学校治理的挑战、意义与实践路向

高校学生参与学校治理顺应教育强国建设的时代要求,是落实立德树人根本任务的教育实践活动。着力推动学校治理目标与学生个人成长的协同发展,对加快推进高等教育治理体系和治理能力现代化建设具有重要意义。我国高校治理中长期存在以“行政权力”和“学术权力”为核心的二元权力结构,往往使得学生权力处于弱化状态,高校学生参与学校治理面临着来自内外环境的挑战。其中,权力共享意识匮乏、参与机制运行不畅、参与效果欠佳等问题,制约了高校学生综合素质的全面提升。高校要尽快革新学生服务与管理理念,基于能力导向设计学生参与学校治理的实践路径,探索学生权力参与学校治理功能发挥的新机制,促使高校内部治理权力布局的平衡,保障学生主体利益的实现,从而提升高校治理体系和治理能力现代化水平。

创设知识财产的中国范式及其国际扩张

美日欧主导的知识产权国际保护体系,虽在名义上并未限制本土知识财产的国际化,但对发展中国家已形成实质性锁闭的效应。中国在知识产权制度建设的过程中,形成了“国家利益导向型”“产业利益导向型”和“市场秩序导向型”三种创设知识财产的范式形态。由于无法与知识产权预设的制度要素相匹配,这些设权模式的实践效果并不显著。基于知识产权在主体、客体以及内容等方面的内在要求,有必要废止“市场秩序导向型”知识财产,重构创设知识财产的中国范式:区别权利主体层次的“国家利益导向型”知识财产、界分权利客体形态的“产业利益导向型”知识财产、新领域新业态下的新型知识财产。面对“再全球化”背景下“小多边主义”盛行的国际形势,中国应积极参与RCEP、CPTPP、DEPA等多边协定,实现创设知识财产中国范式的国际扩张。

A Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings in the Vision of Modernization of Global Governance: China's Expression and Practice

The human rights cause in the world still faces structural challenges and crises, the factor of which including scarcity of living material resources, global environmental crisis and global terrorism. However, the existing global governance model and governance pattern have made it difficult to deal effectively with the above structural challenges and crises facing the development of human rights in the world. Therefore, it’s necessary to advance and modernize global governance. In order to realize these ends, the Chinese government presents the ideal of a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings as the modernization of global governance and the Belt and Road Initiative as the proper project for this process of modernization. It calls on all countries to work hand in hand and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind so as to realize the modernization of global governance and hence the comprehensive development of human beings.

Towards Happiness: Value Orientation and Approaches with Respect to China’s National Governance

The modernization of national governance has become the fifth modernization that modem China urgently needs to push forward and bring into reality.The building of a modern Chinese model of national governance must pursue,as its ultimate goals,the realization of the happiness of the people.The modernization of China’s national governance has chosen to rely on realizing good governance based on good laws,whereas development is the intrinsic force driving such modernization.Participating in global human rights governance and building a community with a shared future for human beings are connotation requirements of the modernization of China’s national governance.

百年未有之大变局下的全球海洋治理:变革趋势与中国应对

《联合国海洋法公约》缔结已过40年,随着时代的发展,现有的全球海洋治理体系呈现出碎片化、治理内容的倡导性总体上大于约束性、治理规则间的体系化程度不高等问题,为全球海洋治理体系的持续完善带来了严峻挑战。尤其是,随着发展中国家在全球海洋治理中的崛起,全球海洋治理中的新问题不断涌现,推动着全球海洋治理变革发生。中国作为IMO(国际海事组织)连续第17次连任的A类理事国,秉持“共商共享共建”理念,提出海洋命运共同体等海洋共同逻辑观是解决当下治理体系中种种困境的一剂良方。但西方发达国家海洋霸权主义的扩张、孤立主义回潮等因素,限制了中国海洋话语权的构建,阻碍了中国在全球海洋治理机制变革潮流中的地位转变。为有效应对“逆全球化”趋势、保障自身海洋权益,中国应深度参与全球海洋治理体系变革,为未来海洋的可持续发展谋篇布局。首先,中国要以海洋环境保护作为“海洋命运共同体”理念在全球海洋治理体系变革中的切入点,大力发展海洋环保科技,以先进的科技水平为维护海洋环境保驾护航;其次,中国应以“海洋命运共同体”以及“共商、共建、共享”的海洋共同逻辑为指导,对全球海洋治理中不断涌现出的新问题提出具有针对性的解决方案;最后,进一步增强中国在有关全球海洋治理体系国际条约规则制定过程中的议题设置、约文起草和缔约谈判等方面的能力,扭转中国在国际条约规则缔结中的被动地位。

老年群体数字弱势地位的宪法调适

数字化与老龄化交叠并存是现代社会治理新课题,技术革新并不能自动而全面地普惠每个社会成员。数字技术全场景应用引致老年人这一传统弱势群体权利受到多维度侵蚀,陷入数字生活困境,与追求平等价值的宪法精神相悖。纾困数字鸿沟,实现老年人可预期生存过程中享受符合人性尊严的生活,是国家应承担的义务。而作为衡量标准的宪法价值与作为具体指引的宪法权利规范,可共同支撑起宪法调适的内在逻辑。宪法作为基本权利保障法,对治理数字资源不均具有不同于部门法的功能。应从归纳老年人数字困境入手,围绕制度性保障、组织与程序保障等要点,在代际交融基础上型塑符合发展现实的适老化多元数字服务体系。

全球人权治理的现实困境、理念分歧与中国方案

全球人权治理并非如何治理人权,而是以人权为价值目标和行为准则的全球治理。当前,全球人权治理结构性困境日益凸显:全球人权治理出现规范失衡、机制失序、人权异化以及公平困局等问题。就如何推进全球人权治理改革,国际社会存在理念、制度和道路之争,这包括自由主义和发展主义权利观的理论分野、人权普遍性与特殊性的模式争论、多边主义与单边主义的路径分歧、对话合作与政治对抗的思维对立、尊重主权与超越主权的矛盾对峙。中国应该以人类命运共同体为基本理念整体推进全球人权治理。在具体路径上,以发展主义人权观重塑国际人权话语体系,在多元主义基础上推进国际人权规范的包容发展,以代表权和话语权为切入点来完善国际人权机构民主治理,以对话合作原则来推动国际人权机制运行逻辑的转变,通过积极的制度互动来增强国际人权机制治理的实效性,以辅助性原则来协调国际监督与国家主权平衡。

人类命运共同体视角下我国移民遣返阻却事由的构建

随着国际人权法的发展,人权保护理念在若干涉及国际移民治理的国际条约中得到体现,对国家在移民治理中行使驱逐权措施的限制不断加大,具体表现为国家实施遣返必须尊重被遣返者人权,禁止“任意遣返”或“将外国人推回至危险境地”等遣返阻却事由等规定。然而,对于在国际移民治理中如何处理国家主权与人权保护的冲突尚未完全解决。人类命运共同体思想对于理解主权与人权的时代内涵提供了新的阐释。一方面,尊重国家主权不意味着在移民遣返中可以无视人权保护的客观要求,我国应尽快设置遣返阻却事由,依法保护外国人的权利;另一方面,国家主权原则是进行国际移民治理的基石,一国可以基于国家安全等因素进行移民遣返考量,针对部分非法移民滥用遣返阻却事由可能危及国家利益的情况,我国也要制定禁止遣返的例外条款以及相应的审查评估机制,维护国际移民治理的安全与秩序。

以法律治理校园欺凌的法理学依据——基于儿童保护与朴素正义的覃思

校园欺凌受到学界和实务界的广泛关注,其治理已从“政策议题”逐步过渡至“法律命题”,剖析通过法律治理校园欺凌的原因和内在逻辑是欺凌治理法治化的基础。透过法理学视角审视校园欺凌,在个体层面,欺凌是对儿童人权的践踏和基本权利的侵犯;在社会问题层面,欺凌者的恶意行为和随附的恶劣后果引发了民众出于道德良知的朴素正义情感与惩治诉求。在法治化进程中,通过法律治理校园欺凌既是保护儿童人权的必然要求,是救济受害者权利、矫正欺凌者错误行为、呵护儿童身心健康成长的需要,也是对人们要求严惩校园欺凌的朴素正义诉求的应然回应。

对幼儿园转制过程中政府责任的几点思考

幼儿教育转制过程中涉及到的转制目标不明确、政府投入的体制缺陷和过度市场化取向等一系列问题,需要政府在规范幼儿园教育产权的基础上合理分担投入成本,完善公共财政体制,体现政府在幼儿教育中的参与性、补偿性和干预性责任。

乡村文化治理的创新机制——控制权共享机制

新时代乡村文化治理亟需安排一个创新机制,以勾连三大纵横治理逻辑,破解乡村文化治理的悬浮化困境。在乡村调研基础上,根据控制权理论提出控制权共享制作为勾连三大纵横治理逻辑的创新机制,通过一个整合性理论框架和多案例比较分析解读控制权共享制,并总结其规律性特征。研究结果表明:(1)控制权共享制,是由乡镇政府让渡部分乡村文化控制权给文化能人、新乡贤等控制权代理人,由乡镇政府与控制权代理人共享乡村文化控制权力的创新机制。(2)整合性理论框架分析显示,控制权共享制产生的根源是乡村文化治理的扁平化结构,其形成了"乡镇政府+控制权代理人"的形式,纵向勾通行政发包制、项目制和乡村社会的联系,横向连接各类功能性组织以形成乡村文化治理分类控制体系,且在乡村实践中具有四种外在形式。(3)多案例比较分析显示,控制权共享制有利于破解乡村文化悬浮化困境,其内在特征呈现"中心—外围"规律,但存在共享深度不够、合法性存疑的问题。(4)从扩大共享深度、提高规范性两方面提出了保障对策。