The Opportunities,Dilemmas,and Paths for the Development of Adult Higher Education in the New Era

This paper comprehensively analyzes the development opportunities and realistic dilemmas faced by adult higher education in China in the new era,and puts forward corresponding strategies as solutions.With the construction of a learning society,the development of digital technology,and the popularization of the concept of lifelong learning,adult higher education has unprecedented development opportunities.At the same time,these forms of education are facing a series of dilemmas due to challenges such as unsound guarantee mechanisms and traditional enrollment competition.Through the establishment of perfect legal and policy guarantees,transformation of school running mode,meeting the diversified needs of learners,and other multi-faceted measures,the development of adult higher education can be effectively promoted to meet the needs of individual and social development.

Research Status,Practical Dilemmas,and Optimization Strategies of Blended Teaching in Universities

Blended teaching has emerged as a prominent subject in the recent reform and innovation of higher education.It has become imperative and guiding for colleges and universities to embrace a mixed teaching approach that aligns with the evolving needs of education and teaching in the new era.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research status surrounding blended teaching,encompassing fundamental issues,teaching design,practical guidance,teaching effectiveness,and evaluation.By critically examining the current challenges associated with blended teaching,this study proposes optimization strategies including enhancing student participation and interaction,promoting deep learning,improving teachers’preparedness,teaching technologies,and curriculum design capabilities,strengthening top-level design,and perfecting evaluation and incentive mechanisms.These strategies provide new directions for the reform of blended teaching.

Adaptive interaction driven by the learning effect in the spatial prisoner's dilemma

We propose a computing model in which individuals can automatically adjust their interaction intensity with their mentor according to the learning effect.This model is designed to investigate the cooperative dynamics of the spatial prisoner's dilemma.More specifically,when the cumulative payoff of a learner is more than his reference earning,he will strengthen his interaction with his mentor;otherwise,he will reduce it.The experimental results indicate that this mechanism can improve the emergence of cooperation in a networked population and that the driving coefficient of interaction intensity plays an important role in promoting cooperation.Interestingly,under a certain social dilemma condition,there exists a minimal driving coefficient that leads to optimal cooperation.This occurs due to a positive feedback effect between the individual's satisfaction frequency and the number of effective neighbors.Moreover,we find that the experimental results are in accord with theoretical predictions obtained from an extension of the classical pair-approximation method.Our conclusions obtained by considering relationships with mentors can provide a new perspective for future investigations into the dynamics of evolutionary games within structured populations.

The “Panchatantra” Narrative Structure and the Writing of Indian Women’s Dilemma in Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda

Dharamvir Bharati’s Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda connects the text with the social reality,through the multiple narrative perspectives of the“Panchatantra”Narrative Structure and the love stories,and narrates the survival and spiritual dilemma of Indian women in the transformation of India’s modernization.The novel depicts in both content and form the plight of Indian women’s physical and spiritual dependence under the traditional concepts of arranged marriages,caste marriages,dowry system and patriarchal will,and shows the process of women’s body and self-consciousness gradually moving from vitality to extinction.

A Study of a Moral Dilemma Stories Teaching Model Focusing on the Development of Higher-Order Thinking --"Synthetic polymers" as an example

Cultivating students'higher-order thinking is one of the important goals of modern education,and innovative teaching model is an effective way to achieve this goal.Aiming at the inadequacy of the existing moral dilemma stories approach in the transformation of knowledge and behavior,this research constructs a new Project Based Learning-Ethical Dilemma Stories(PBL-EDS)Teaching Model applicable to China's secondary education stage based on the innovative features of the moral dilemma stories approach on the core competencies,taking the chemistry subject as an example to carry out practice,and puts forward suggestions for the implementation of the teaching model.Chemistry as an example to carry out the practice,and suggestions are made for the implementation of the teaching model.

The Ethical Dilemmas of International Environmental Justice and its＇ Resolution

主权国家作为全球环境治理的最为重要的主体，在国际环境正义实践中发挥着决定性的作用，但另一方面由于主权国家“个体”利益的存在，主权国家在参与国际环境正义实践时面临着一些伦理困境。要化解这些伦理困境，构建和谐世界，主权国家除了要树立主体间性和生态文明的主体性之外，还要调适国家主权观，加强国际合作，建立新的全球伙伴关系。

Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Machines: Influences, Consequences, and Dilemmas in Human Care

In the field of robotics and in the health sciences, transitions have been occurring in the control of robots operating with predetermined logic and rules. Robotics in health care are influencing human caring dynamics in many ways such as enhancing dependency and surrender to machine technologies. Situations such as these are charged with possibilities of legal liabilities triggered by influences and consequences of advancing robotic technology dependency. The purpose of this paper is to identify, describe, and explain legal issues and/or dilemmas centered on robotics in healthcare while providing engaging opportunities to limit consequent legalities thus forming beneficial human health care outcomes. Laying bare these liabilities will provide critically informative data that can foster proactive encounters which can or may deter health care liabilities while ensuring quality healthcare outcomes. An attempt is made to re-conceptualize how to view agency, causality, liability responsibility, culpability, and autonomy for the new age of autonomous robots. While it is still not clear how this would turn out, a clear framing of the problem is the first step in the project.

Dilemmas Faced by Nurses Regarding the Physical Restraint of Elderly Patients with Dementia in Japan

This study aimed to clarify the dilemma of nurses working in general wards who face the ethical dilemma of restraining older people with dementia in Midwestern Japan. The study used the questionnaire method with an independently prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to ensure privacy and anonymity. The privacy and anonymity of study participants was assured. Of the 340 survey questionnaires distributed, 291 (85.6%) completed surveys were eligible number (12 additional surveys were returned without answers). An explanatory factor analysis revealed four dilemma factors among 15 items investigated (KMO value 0.84). These were: factor 1: “Execution of treatment and security,” α = 0.91;factor 2: “approach in the nursing of older people with dementia,” α = 0.93;factor 3: “A cooperative relationship in nursing of older people with dementia,” α = 0.87;and factor 4: “Priorities in nursing,” α = 0.81. The cumulative contribution ratio was 79.1%. We suggest that the program would enable nurses to cope with these dilemmas.

Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure

心失败(HF ) ，复杂临床的症候群由于结构或心的机能紊乱，是一个主要全球健康问题，与在 USA 的超过 580 万的流行独自，并且过去 2300 万世界范围。作为在 65 岁以上的病人之中的住院的一个领先的原因， HF 是保健资源的一个主要消费者，创造保健系统上的实质的紧张。这份报纸在结束阶段 HF 照顾讨论 HF，金融影响，和 multifaceted 困境的传染病学。搜索用象结束阶段心失败那样的关键词在药网站(www.pubmed.gov ) 的美国国家图书馆上被进行，辩解的照顾，道德的窘境。尽管有 HF 的差的预后(比那更坏为许多癌症) ，许多 HF 病人， caregivers，和临床医生不知道差的预后。另外， HF 的无法预言的临床的轨道复杂化计划 end-of-life 照顾，例如辩解的照顾和供旅客休息的招待所，导致如此的资源的 underutilization。在结论，在结束阶段 HF 的道德的窘境是众多的，使不仅病人，而且 caregiver 卷入，保健队，和社会。

Research into Development Dilemmas of MOOC in China＇ s Higher Education and Its Countermeasures

The Massive Open Online Courses( MOOC) originated in Europe and America has been a new channel obtaining know ledge and an important learning mode in the age of big data. The development of MOOC brings about far- reaching impact on sharing and constructing the high quality education resources in the w orld,w hich may present great challenges to traditional teaching mode. Considering China's higher education environment and MOOC 's particular characteristics,this paper summarizes the development dilemmas of MOOC in China's higher educational environment and discusses the countermeasures as w ell as finds a suitable w ay for the development of informatization education.

Conditions Where the Ruled Class Unites for the Revolution:Applicability of a Game Theory on Social Dilemmas

Revolutions,typical cases of crucial social transformations,cannot be realized successfully without a large number of activists.Therefore,creating conditions favorable for acquiring enough participants should be an important topic of Marxist social science.In particular,this problem includes the “free-ride,” because the benefits of revolutionaries’ activities are gained not only by the activists but also by all other members.The paper analyzes problems such as this one,applying non-cooperative game theory to social dilemma problems.This leads to some interesting results.In this research,the problem of the workers’ choice between unity or freeride is first defined using numerical examples of the gain structure.It is defined again in a more generalized form using other parameters.In so doing,we express both the cost of participating in the movement and the gains from the concession of the ruling class.Because this analysis focuses on the importance of the number of participants,the concession of the ruling class is framed as a function of the number of participants.The results of this analysis revealed that the economic base and superstructure accurately correspond in some game structures but not in others.In other words,the social dilemma presents either as a case of prisoners’ dilemma or as a chicken game.Furthermore,this paper analyzes the influence of group size,and it was revealed that groups with a large number of members,such as a ruled class,find it particularly difficult to unite.This phenomenon is called the “large group dilemma.” In these ways,this research shows that the aforementioned type of game theory can be used to analyze the difficulties and possibilities of social movements.

The Dilemmas Faced by Accounting and Countermeasures on the Perspective of Low-carbon Economy

The production and business activity of enterprises is the key factor which causes environmental pollution. It will be conducive to sustainable development of human beings if the environmental issues can be integrated into accounting calculation by using accounting methods. It is extremely necessary to develop carbon accounting in our country. However, the enterprises in our country are also facing a lot of dilemmas under the state of low-carbon economy. Therefore, perfect carbon accounting standards and accounting systems should be established, social and government supervision of carbon accounting strengthened, national public awareness of low-carbon environment consolidated and the professional level of the accounting personnel improved.

The dilemmas of liver cancer heterogeneity

Genomic analyses of most solid tumors reveal a complex mutational landscape with vast inter-tumor and intratumor heterogeneities.Each histological tumor type and the tumor cells within each tumor type display striking molecular and biological variations.The molecular heterogeneity in tumors is a major obstacle for early diagnosis and effective treatment.This is especially relevant to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)where the etiological factors elicit different molecular mechanisms to initiate carcinogenesis leading to distinct molecular subtypes and complex tumor cell communities.Such heterogeneity poses a major challenge in exploring the factors responsible for early stage hepatocarcinogenesis,development of diagnostic tools,and defining effective treatment strategies for HCC and iCCA.These obstacles emphasize the importance of developing new strategies to change the current dire situation.The establishment of patient populations with associated wellannotated biobanks and molecularly well-characterized samples are essential to define unique tumor subtypes.Moreover,understanding the molecular features of tumor cells at a single cell level might provide a better understanding of tumor cell communities and help define the key drivers responsible for tumor initiation and progression.Molecular-based technologies such as integrated genomics,transcriptomics,and metabolomics aid in a better way to distinguish tumor subtypes allowing the stratification of patients with greater homogeneity and assist in molecular re-staging.These genome-based signatures might serve to delineate the critical gatekeepers of cancer initiation and progression which further helps to identify the druggable targets by integrated genomics and to explore the functionally linked networks in HCC and iCCA.With these available backgrounds,we might effectively identify biomarkers and potential targets for early liver cancer intervention.

The effects of ethical dilemmas regarding the use of physical restraints in eldercare on female nurses who care for their relatives in Japan

Purpose: This study sought to clarify the relationship between a nurse’s exposure to elderly relatives and their perspective in using restraints on the elderly in health care situations. Methods: We approached nursing staff supervisors at 17 general hospital wards and explained the objectives of the study. Supervisors at 14 hospitals agreed to participate, giving us a sampling pool of 1929 nurses. We used a chi square test to compare nurses who had spent time with elderly relatives and those who had not on several variables related to using restraints on elderly patients. Results and Conclusion: This study found that nurses who live with elderly family members were significantly more likely to believe that restraints cause diseases (including chronic diseases) based on a chi square test (p < 0.05). Therefore it would be important that essential was the experiences of individuals with elderly family members when making programs of decreasing nurse’s dilemma to restraining the elderly.

Responsibility for Eco-systems and problems of social traps and dilemmas

Responsibility is a function of power, impact and knowledge. The more strategically central one’s position is in terms of power, influence and knowledge, the higher his or her responsibility would be. This is an idea which can be worked out in more detail by using distributive models of graph theory and predistribution assignments of rights and duties according to different levels.

Informationized Technological Path for the School-running Risk Prevention and Supervision of Private Colleges and Universities under the Background of the Internet

At present,with the decrease of the educational population and the gradual deepening of the higher educational reform,the development of the private colleges and universities is facing various contradictions and challenges.The development concept of"innovation,coordination,green,open and sharing"put forward at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC provides the value guidance and the practical basis for the private colleges and universities to renew their development concepts and solve their development problems.

Five Dilemmas of SMEs

When the financial storm indulges in the Wall Street of US,the whole world economy is threatened.In this global economy,no one can turn away from its impact.So as China and her SMEs.Small and medium-sized enterprises,i.e.SMEs,are often opposite to state-owned enterprises,i.e.SOEs in China.Born with some natural shortages, where can Chinese SMEs find shelter for the bad weather? How can they survive in the tempest? To be or not to be,that is a question raised to them cruelly.

Experimental Study on the Influence of Cognition and Emotion on Moral Judgment of College Students in Dilemma Situation

Objective:To study the influence of cognition and emotion on moral judgment of college students under the circumstance of whether the cognitive resources are occupied and whether the emotion is induced.Methods:This experiment uses a multi-factor mixed experiment method to divide experiments and groups.Experiment 1 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(cognitive resource occupancy group,cognitive resource non-occupied group)×3(difficult situation type).Experiment 2 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(emotion induction group,emotion induction and cognitive resource occupation group)×3(three types of dilemma situation types)is adopted.The dependent variable of this experiment(including Experiment 1 and Experiment 2)is the judgment response time and the judgment result is“Yes”(F)or“No”(J).Results:(1)The reaction time of the cognitive resource occupancy group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the cognitive resource occupancy group in the three types of dilemma situations of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation.There is no significant difference between the results of moral judgments and the cognitive resource non-occupied group.(2)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the emotion-induced group and the emotion-induced and cognitive resource occupation group have no significant differences in reaction time and moral judgment results.(3)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time difference between the cognitive resource occupation group and the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation is not significant,while in the dilemma of low personal involvement,the number of people in the cognitive resource occupation group whose moral judgment is“Yes”was significantly higher than that in the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation group.(4)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time of the emotionally induced group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the moral judgment results of the two groups were both found no significant difference.Conclusion:When the occupation of cognitive resources and the induction of emotions will significantly affect the response of individual moral judgments,different types of dilemmas will significantly affect the results of individual moral judgments.

The Mission and Dilemma of College English Teachers in the New Era

The construction of world-class undergraduate education with Chinese characteristics is a major mission for all college English teachers in today’s era,and a considerable proportion of college English teachers are still in varying degrees of difficulties and bottlenecks.How to quickly achieve self-breakthrough and devote themselves to realizing the dream of serving the country and education is a higher requirement for college teachers at the national level.

Stevens’s Ethical Identity Dilemma in The Remains of the Day

Based on ethical literary criticism,this paper aims to analyze the factors contributing to Stevens’loss of ethical identity.It contends that distorted ethical relationships are the primary driver behind Stevens’s ethical identity dilemma,which includes the abnormal father-son relationship,Stevens’s blind admiration for his master,and his avoidance of Miss Kenton’s feelings.