Research Progress on the Development of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park

This paper summarizes the typical models,construction theory and development status of modern agricultural science and technology parks at home and abroad,in order to provide a reference for the sustainable development of modern agricultural science and technology parks in China.It is found that at present,the agricultural science and technology park in China is in the stage of quantitative development,neglecting the qualitative construction of the park.This paper points out that the balanced relationship among ecology,economy and society should be adjusted to promote the sustainable development of the park.

INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATING PROGRESS OF ENTERPRISE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The method of compiling input-output models of science and technology was studied,and the application of input-output techniques in evaluating the progress of enterprise science and technology was discussed.And the models for determining direct,indirect and full contributions of the progress of enterprise science and technology have been set up which can be used to analyse and evaluate the direct,indirect and full benefits of the progress of enterprise science and technology.

Progress in Earthquake Science and Technology in China: Review and Prospects (I)

In the article the author looks back the hard development course and great progress in earthquake science and technology in China during the last near a half of century and expounds the following 3 aspects: (1) The strong desire of the whole society to mitigate seismic disasters and reduce the effect of earthquakes on social-economic live is a great driving force to push forward the development of earthquake science and technology in China; (2) To better ensure people’s life and property, sustainable economic development, and social stability is an essential purpose to drive the development of earthquake science and technology in China; and (3) To insist on the dialectical connection of setup of technical system for seismic monitoring with the scientific research of earthquakes and to better handle the relation between crucial task, current scientific level, and the feasibility are the important principles to advance the earthquake science and technology in China. Some success and many setbacks in earthquake disaster mitigation consistently enrich our knowledge regarding the complexity of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and the process of earthquake preparation, promote the reconstruction and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring, and deepen the scientific research of earthquakes. During the last 5 years, the improvement and modernization of technical system for earthquake monitoring have clearly provided the technical support to study and practice of earthquake prediction and precaution, give prominence to key problems and broaden the field of scientific research of earthquakes. These have enabled us to get some new recognition of the conditions for earthquake occurrence and process of earthquake preparation, characteristics of seismic disaster, and mechanism for earthquake generation in China’s continent. The progress we have made not only encourages us to enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation, but also provides a basis for accelerating further development of earthquake science and technology in China in the new century, especially in the 10th five-year plan. Based on the history reviewed, the author sets forth a general requirement for development of earthquake science and technology in China and brings out 10 aspects to be stressed and strengthened at present and in the future. These are: upgrade and setup of the network of digitized seismic observation ; upgrade and setup of the network for observation of seismic precursors; setup of the network for observation of strong motion; setup of the laboratories for experiment on seismic regime; establishment of technical system for seismic information, emergency command and urgent rescue; research on short-term and imminent earthquake prediction; research on intermediate- and long-term earthquake prediction; research on attenuation of seismic ground motion, mechanism for seismic disaster, and control on seismic disaster; basic research fields related to seismology and geoscience. We expect that these efforts will significantly elevate the level of earthquake science and technology in China to the advanced international level, improve theories, techniques, and methods for earthquake precaution and prediction, and enhance the effectiveness of earthquake disaster mitigation.

PROMOTING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS

Since China initiated the policy of reform and opening,Wuxi County has gained rapid development inindustry,agriculture and all the social undertakings.It was continuously appraised as the first of“OneHundred Powerful Counties of Comprehensive Strength of Rural Economics in China”for two years.So itis called the“First County in China”.In 1994,its GNP reached 17.5 billion yuan RMB and the gross in-dustrial and agricultural output value reached 65.04 billion.Benefiting from the industry,the

《Agricultural Science & Technology》综合影响力分析

从引证指标、网络传播情况以及作者构成等方面阐述《Agricultural Science & Technology》改革后的综合影响力。

农业科学家精神特质与弘扬践行路径探析--以吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)为例

弘扬践行农业科学家精神,既是推动农业强国建设的时代需要,也是激发广大科技工作者不忘科研初心、牢记为农使命的现实需求。农业科学研究因其研究周期长、连续性强、不确定因素多等特点,在长期实践中形成了农业科学家所特有的精神特质。文章通过对吉林省农业科学院(中国农业科技东北创新中心)百余年科研活动发展中形成的典型农业科学家代表的基本情况、代表性成果及其特有的工作经验、科研品质等进行分析,总结挖掘其所具有的共性精神特质,并梳理已在弘扬践行科学家精神上形成的较为成熟的经验做法,结合实际从完善工作机制、加强宣传教育、厚植爱农情怀、坚持求真务实等方面提出了弘扬践行农业科学家精神的路径,以期为鼓舞和激励广大农业科技工作者创造更多重大科技成果,更好地推动农业高质量发展、支撑农业强国建设贡献力量。

基于增长核算模型的广西林业科技进步贡献率测算

为科学测算广西林业科技进步贡献率,在分析和借鉴既有研究成果的基础上,提出基于经验法的增长核算模型和基于要素份额法的增长核算模型,并对2006—2020年广西林业科技进步贡献率进行测算与分析。结果表明,广西林业经济增速明显回落,已由超高速增长转向较高速增长;基于要素份额法的增长核算模型更适用于广西林业科技进步贡献率测算;“十一五”“十二五”和“十三五”期间,广西林业科技进步贡献率分别为34.19%、46.94%和55.97%,总体呈增长态势;“十三五”期间,广西林业经济增长超过一半的贡献来自林业科技进步,广西林业经济发展模式已由要素驱动转变为创新驱动。

弱特征表面形貌测量的低成本渐进式匹配方法

弱特征连续表面的匹配问题是计算机视觉和图像处理中的一个挑战性问题,基于标准夹具的特征辅助可以准确地实现测量数据与模型的匹配,但该方法成本较高。针对该问题,提出了一种低成本的渐进式的匹配算法,首先基于带有边界罚函数的“点到面”ICP算法实现粗配准,接着通过对测量数据进行两步微调即可对标工业常用评价结果。以汽车玻璃的面形误差评价为例,仿真和实验结果表明,基于所提方法匹配后的面形误差接近传感器本身的误差级别。对于40 cm×40 cm的汽车玻璃,基于所提方法匹配线结构光测量的玻璃数据与三坐标数据,两者偏差在-0.06/0.08 mm,基本满足工业需求。

甘肃省科技进步奖获奖成果分析研究

科技奖励制度在激励自主创新、激发人才活力、营造良好创新环境中发挥了积极作用。为深入推进甘肃省“四强”行动实施,更好发挥科技进步奖的激励作用,文章选择2017—2021年甘肃省获国家科技进步奖和省级科技进步奖成果,围绕获奖成果数量、完成单位、市州分布、所属经济行业及领域、成果类别等维度,分析了甘肃省获国家科技进步奖和省级科技进步奖成果的特点,结合甘肃省当前发展实际,提出了相关对策建议,以期为高质量科技成果实现快速转化应用提供有益参考。

基于科学技术进步法落实情况的中国各省份新技术新应用立法前瞻对比研究

目前中国学界对地方科技立法层面关注较少,对地方立法落实科学技术进步法的实际情况缺乏系统了解和把握。因此,围绕各省份对2021年修订的《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》的落实情况,从新技术新应用的发展现状及法律环境出发,着眼于研发、应用、推广、激励和监管5个方面,对比分析地方性法规在新技术新应用的立法模式、章节设计、立法内容等方面的差异和特点。研究发现:当前中国的地方立法已经充分意识到新技术新应用立法的重要性,并尝试通过制定或修改科技创新条例予以规范。其中,普遍采取促进型立法模式,统一将新技术新应用问题作为科技创新的一部分放在综合性立法中,但章节设计缺乏系统性,条款数量较少、位置分散,问题意识淡薄;相关条款呈现出不同的立法侧重,关于新技术新应用的规制内容各有特色,但存在推广激励不足、法律责任真空等问题。建议各地应尽快加强新技术新应用立法,完善促进型立法模式,结合本地实际探索专章或专门立法的系统性制度设计,固化研发、应用、推广、激励、监管的实践经验,调整监管体系,明确违法结果,推动本区域实现高水平科技自立自强。

我国科技创新合作区域特征及竞争态势研究

科技创新是我国实现高质量发展的关键支撑,区域间合作创新是科技资源自由流动的有效途径。本文以我国2006-2020年2015项国家科学技术进步奖合作项目为数据分析基础,以京津冀、长三角、华中区、西南区等主要区域的科技创新合作集群为研究对象,揭示我国区域性科技合作创新特征,探寻创新能力与技术分布差异,挖掘技术合作创新网络结构。研究发现:①高校是我国国家科学技术进步奖合作创新的主力,有效利用产学研异质性发展,推动技术产业、科技资源的联动效应和统筹,是未来区域性技术创新提质增效的关键驱动力;②科技创新成果竞相涌现,建设技术间相互促进、交叉融合以支撑创新发展的科技创新生态体系,势在必行;③各区域技术合作创新网络还不成熟,亟须进一步加强跨组织、跨学科、跨领域的联合技术创新,升级国内科技创新网络;④创新技术间交叉关联、相互融合是必然趋势;⑤树立开放、包容、合作的创新思想,鼓励科技人才的流动,推进产学研用一体化;⑥要加大企业成为区域合作创新主体。

科技法律法规施行评价指标体系的构建及应用——以宁波市科技进步“一法两条例”为例

在科技自立自强的背景下,完善科技法律法规是保障创新活力、促进科技进步的重要基石。本研究针对我国科技法律法规施行效果评估研究较少,且主要基于定性分析,无法满足创新驱动下时代发展新要求的现状,以宁波科技进步“一法两条例”为例,构建了一套系统、科学的科技法律法规施行评估方法,提出四维平衡观察体系,创设科技创新观察站,为其他地区开展科技法律法规施行评估提供参考路径。

Distributed Technology of E-Business and Its Practice

With the evolution of application system, there are t wo different system architectures. One is the traditional application system suc h as MIS and Business Software. Along with its extension, the traditional applic ation system transforms from file-based structure to C/S and then CSS model. At the same time, following the prevalence of Internet/Intranet, Web application s ystem based on browser comes into being. In early time, Web application only pro vided functions of looking over or querying static data on browser. But with the development of Internet/Intranet widely, it’s expected that more and more trad itional applications can be performed on browser, or even E-Business trades and other complicated application systems such as MIS, ERP and CRM and so on. In or der to satisfy both traditional application and Web application, reduce the cost of developing system repeatedly, increase the repeated use of application syste m and take advantage of the functions of OOA/OOD sufficiently, a new distributed architecture structure (system solution based on repeated components) comes for th. In this article, this distributed architecture structure will be discuss ed in detail. Firstly, the evolution of traditional application system and Web application sys tem will be talked over, especially the advantages and disadvantages of these tw o architectures. Secondly, the distributed architecture (system solution based o n repeated components) will be described particular. Several prevalent technolog y of component, such as COM+, CORBA and EJB, will also be illustrate d in this part. Thirdly, the practice of the technology of repeated component wi ll be discussed by analysing and designing the management system of Science & Te chnology Articles. Lastly, the latest distributed techonlogy of E-business(Web service based on xml/soap) will be discussed. In the end, Based on summing-up o f the distributed technology of E-Business, the future distributed tenchnology of E-Business will be expected.

我国油茶科技进展与未来核心技术

油茶是重要的木本食用油料树种,有2000多年的栽培和利用历史。油茶果实制取的茶油是优质食用油,榨油后的副产物也有很好的开发利用价值,具备打造特色产业的巨大潜力。自2008年开启现代产业建设以来,科技创新起到了重要的引领作用,通过十几年发展,油茶产业初具规模,成为了我国大宗油料作物之一,在助力国家粮油安全和精准脱贫,促进乡村振兴和林业产业建设上,作出了重大贡献。本研究围绕油茶全产业链,系统总结了油茶生产利用各个环节的科学研究所取得的成就,概括了油茶基础研究,良种选育、丰产栽培、抚育和采收机械、鲜果剥壳和仓储物流、制油技术和综合利用等领域的研究进展和主要技术成果,分析了油茶科技创新中存在的问题与发展趋势,研究提出了油茶科技发展的未来核心技术,主要包括油茶高产高抗优质新品种定向培育、适用于油茶生产的自动化机械装备研发、油茶多功能的精准高效生态经营、以智能化信息为支撑的油茶融合发展、油茶全资源绿色加工增值利用和质量管控等。为我国油茶科技创新、引领产业发展提供技术基础并指明前进方向。

我国科技创新制度的供给模式及演进特征

随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入推进,技术快速迭代所引致的系统性风险的不确定性增强,过去被动、响应式的制度供给模式难以跟上科学技术快速革新的步伐。文章从逻辑、响应和运行三个层面入手,综合考虑政策的形成和运行过程,构建我国科技创新制度供给模式分析框架;以《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》(以下简称《科学技术进步法》)的出台和两次修订过程为例,探明多方主体在政策过程中的不同作用,认为我国科技创新制度供给呈现出由单点推进转变为多维互补、由单向传导转变为多方互动以及由响应性治理转变为前瞻性治理的三方面演进特征,进一步指出科技创新制度未来深化改革的方向,以期为技术快速迭代下科技创新制度供给质量和效率的提升提供决策支持。

2001—2020年度水利领域国家科技进步奖获奖统计分析及未来对策建议

国家科学技术奖励是我国定位最高、最具权威性的科技奖励。其中,国家科技进步奖是国民经济行业科技发展与创新水平的重要评价指标。对2001—2020年度水利领域国家科技进步奖获奖项目进行了统计分析,并对近年来国家科技奖励制度改革情况进行了梳理总结,以期为后续水利科技成果申报国家科技奖励提供有益参考。

财政科技支出、全要素生产率与高质量发展

基于2009-2019年中国276个城市面板数据,在采用EBM模型测度全要素生产率的基础上,探究财政科技支出在助力效率和创新驱动的高质量发展中所发挥的作用。研究发现:财政科技支出能显著促进高质量发展水平;机制分析表明,财政科技支出通过促进全要素生产率增长,尤其是促进技术进步而非改善技术效率,来推动高质量发展;空间效应分析表明,财政科技支出对高质量发展具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,但全要素生产率在其中的机制作用不显著。研究结论可为完善科技创新体系、深化科技评价改革提供实证依据。

财政支农支出、农业科技进步与农业经济增长

文章从理论上梳理了财政支农支出、农业科技进步和农业经济增长之间的传导机制,并选取中国30个省域2008—2020年的面板数据,以索洛余值法测度农业科技进步率,构建基准模型、中介效应模型及门槛模型,实证检验了三者之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)无论全国整体还是东部、中西部地区,财政支农支出对农业经济增长均具有正向作用,且对于东部地区的促进作用强于中西部地区。(2)农业科技进步是促进农业经济增长的重要因素,财政支农支出通过农业科技进步的中介效应促进了农业经济增长。(3)农业科技进步对财政支农支出驱动农业经济增长具有单门槛效应。当农业科技进步跨过门槛值时,财政支农支出对农业经济增长的推动效果更强。基于研究结果,本文从加大财政支农支出力度,优化财政支农支出结构,积极推动农业科技创新,重视财政支农支出和农业科技进步的协调发展等角度提出促进农业经济增长的政策建议。