The Underlying Motivations and Long-Term Trends of the US Decoupling of China-US Science and Technology Relations

Since 2018,the US government has adopted a range of restrictive measures on China-US science and technology exchange,as it strives for a decoupling strategy against China.This strategy has brought about historic change in China-US science and technology relations.The US government has set out to obstruct the free flow of technology,data,capital,markets,and talents between China and the United States,thereby changing the basic rationale of China-US science and technology cooperation.The US has multiple underlying motivations for implementing this strategy including recognizing the security threats posed by China’s cutting-edge technology development,treating China as a competitor in global science and technology diplomacy,prompting the backflow of the technological industrial chain,and the strengthened industrial competition between the two countries.Decoupling is one of the competition strategies of the United States.It is aimed at ensuring a favorable position for their national innovation systems,particularly in China-US competition.However,the limitations of the decoupling strategy may not allow the US to achieve what it desires.These limitations also provide space for the two countries to ease their competitive relationship.

The Relationship between Low-carbon Agriculture and Agricultural Science and Technology Based on Gray Relational Theory

The agricultural energy consumption per unit of GDP is selected as an indicator for measuring the development level of low-carbon agriculture. Using gray relational theory, I analyze the relationship between development level of agricultural science and technology and development level of low-carbon agriculture in China. The results show that the correlation between the two is prominent; the number of agricultural science and technology talents, the number of agricultural science and technology patents, and the number of agricultural science and technology input are three major factors influencing the development of low-carbon agriculture. On this basis, I propose to take further effective measures, and put forth corresponding recommendations, in order to improve the level of agricultural science and technology.

DICP Symposium (I) on Catalysis: Future Directions of Catalysis Science and Technology October 16-18, 2003, Dalian, China

Introduction and Invitation DICP Symposium is a special series of interna-tional conference named after the Dalian Instituteof Chemical Physics (DICP). The DICP Symposiumwas founded with the purpose to promote the interna-tional communication and collaboration between theDICP and the international scientific community, to

Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing

This journal provides an international medium for the publication of theoretical and experimental studies related to the fields of Mineral, Metallurgy and Materials. Papers dealing with mineral processing, mining, mine safety, environmental pollution and protection of mines, process metallurgy, metallurgical physical chemistry, metals working, structure and physical properties of materials, corrosion and resistance of materials, are viewed as suitable for publication.

Predicting the Number of Beijing Science and Technology Personnel Based on GM(1,N) Model

In this paper, based on the Science and Technology Statistics in Beijing Statistical Yearbook, grey theory is used to study the relationship among S&T (Science and Technology) activities personnel, R&D (research and development) personnel FTE (Full Time Equivalent), intramural expenditure for R&D and Patent Application Amount. According to the grey correlation coefficient, screening of grey GM(1,N) prediction variables, the grey prediction model is established. Meanwhile, time series model and GM(1,1) model are established for patent applications and R&D personnel equivalent FTE. By comparing the simulating results with the real data, the absolute relative error of prediction models is less than 10%. The results of the prediction model are tested. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, the mean values of the predicted values of the two models are brought into the GM(1,N) model to predict the number of scientific and technical personnel in Beijing during 2015-2025. Forecast results show that the number of science and technology personnel in Beijing will grow with exponential growth trend in the next ten years, which has a certain reference value for predicting the science and technology activities and formulating the policy in Beijing.

中-美创新体系:演变历程、影响因素及启示

过去几十年,中美两国科技经贸合作共同塑造了“中-美创新体系”。中美创新体系正在经历从“互补型”转向“竞争型”,甚至在部分领域出现“斗争型”倾向。这种转型既有技术革命、数字化转型和地缘政治导致的不稳定“分离”,也有科技发展规律、世界经济结构、市场机制和全球挑战等催生的“双赢”与合作的稳定因素。从技术革命引发的经济周期看,中美创新体系内部围绕科技创新而产生的制度冲突、调整、适应仍将持续。保持中美创新体系的稳定和发展,有利于双方,也有利于全球经济复苏和创新发展。对此,双方应着眼长远,坚持开放、合作、包容等原则,从促进创新主体互动、创新资源开放等方面共同促进体系良性发展。

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

3-D Animation as Applied to the Solving of Coupling Relations in the 6-DOF Parallel Robot

How to solve the coupling relations in a 6 - DOF parallel robot quickly and accurately within the limits of realtime control is a critical problem. In traditional analytic method, the complicated mathemtical model must first be constructed and then solved by programming.Obviously, this method is not very practical. This paper,therefore, proposes a new way of approach with a new method using 3- D animation for the solving of coupling relations in the 6 - DOF parallel robot. This method is much simpler and its solving accuracy approaches that of the more complicated analytic method.

基于灰色关联-TOPSIS模型的协同创新成果转化绩效评价研究——以大学科技城为例

大学科技城是协同创新的重要载体,是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。为科学评价大学科技城协同创新成果的转化绩效,本文从研发能力、资金支持、政策支持、经济效益和社会效益等维度选取指标,构建大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效评价指标体系,并建立基于TOPSIS和灰色关联分析方法的评价模型。应用所构建的评价模型对长沙岳麓山、武汉东湖等大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效进行了评价分析。研究结果表明:岳麓山大学科技城整体呈逐年上升态势,影响其协同创新成果转化绩效的因素众多,且影响程度各不相同,其中科技成果转化政策、新产品销售收入和R&D人员全时当量等指标对大学科技城协同创新成果转化绩效影响较大。同时,因政策与环境的差异,不同地区的大学科技城成果转化绩效也有较大差异,长沙岳麓山大学科技城的协同创新成果转化绩效低于武汉东湖,略高于沈阳。最后,根据与武汉东湖和沈阳的对比分析为提升长沙岳麓山大学科技城的协同创新成果转化绩效提出对策建议。

科技外交理论的概念演化、范畴界定及欧美实践的启示

在当前的新形势下,科技外交在应对全球性挑战及地缘政治和国际关系中的作用愈加重要。科技外交运用科技和创新国际合作作为软实力工具,建立和改善与其他国家及地区的关系,当国家间的其他直接关系遭遇困境和挫折时,科技外交仍可充当国家间保持彼此联系的桥梁作用。科技外交包括在国际关系决策中需要明确考虑科学知识和科学建议,为便利国际科技合作和人员交流、促进国内创新而采取的外交政策活动,以及促进与其他国家关系的合作性科技活动等三重功能,国家利益是科技外交的主要驱动力。欧盟及其成员国和美国都重视科技在决策系统和外交政策中的作用,从早期增设使馆科技专员到任命美国国务卿和欧盟对外行动署的科技顾问再到向海外派驻科技大使,资助科技外交研究和培训等,不少做法值得借鉴。我国应在完善国家科技决策咨询机制、建立既精通科技又具有外交知识和技能的人才储备和人才培养及培训机制、鼓励参加国际性科技外交研究和实践交流合作网络等方面加强科技外交工作,制定科技外交战略。

经济安全治理体系的生成逻辑和实现路径

经济安全是国家安全的基础,是经济发展的前提。首先,文本从人民至上的价值观、唯物史观、科学思想方法三个层面,探索了经济安全治理体系演变的方法论基础;其次,以开放条件下社会再生产理论为依托,对经济安全治理体系生成的理论逻辑进行研究,对为什么要更好地发挥政府的作用、为什么要提高自主生产能力、为什么要提高经济增长的内生动力进行分析;再次,以经济思想史为视角,对经济安全治理理念标识性概念从统筹革命与建设的关系到统筹经济建设和国防建设的关系,再到正确处理改革发展稳定关系,最后到统筹发展和安全演化进行梳理;最后,从全面深入贯彻新发展理念和总体国家安全观、健全宏观经济治理体系、加快科技自立自强步伐、提高国内外双循环的动力和活力等方面,对如何增强经济安全性的主动权,推动经济安全治理体系和能力现代化进行分析。

河南省职务科技成果赋权改革实践与思考

文章分析了河南省职务科技成果赋权改革基本情况,总结了河南省职务科技成果赋权改革工作取得的阶段性成效,如健全管理机制、建立激励机制、梳理赋权清单、建立负面清单、简化赋权流程等,阐述了河南省职务科技成果赋权改革实践,分析了河南省职务科技成果赋权改革中存在的问题,并从持续强化顶层设计、加大政策宣讲力度、创新职务科技成果赋权模式、创新科技成果转化管理制度及决策机制等方面提出了深化职务科技成果改革的对策建议。

美国公众对中美科技实力认知的情感控制研究——基于“寰球民意指数”(2023)调查数据的分析

国家间科技实力的较量在大国博弈中作用显著,也是影响中美关系的重要变量。基于“寰球民意指数”(2023)调查数据,本文探讨了美国公众对中美科技实力的比较性认知及其影响因素。研究发现,在情感控制论的认知框架下,受访者对中国大国地位评价越积极,越认可中国的科技实力,但这种认知呈现出内部分裂的特质,积极与消极并存。美国政府对中国科技政策的损己效能显著影响公众对中美科技实力比较的认知,国际事务关注度则对中国科技实力的认知具有消极影响。研究勾勒了美国公众对中国科技实力和形象认知的民意轮廓,为我们思考跨文化情境下国际公众的情感政治基础提供了分析框架。

新质生产力形成之问:结合马克思科学技术思想的再考量

在新一轮科技革命、产业变革和生产力革命的历史交汇期,习近平总书记创新性地提出“新质生产力”概念,指明了未来一段时间内我国社会生产力的发展方向。新质生产力是对马克思主义生产力理论的守正创新,本质是适应新时代高质量发展的先进生产力。“新质”来源于传统要素更新和新要素的加入两部分。马克思对科学、技术与生产之间关系的一般理解构成了其科学技术思想的主要内容,为揭示新质生产力的形成条件和机制提供了新视角。一方面,基于科学技术的强渗透性,传统生产力的构成要素在质、量、结构和类型方面产生变化,其合力效应构成了新质生产力的形成条件。另一方面,创新推动科技进步,不仅催化传统要素更新,还起到催生新要素出现的作用,促使生产力构成要素属性发生变化,以不断增强其对新技术的适应性,两者依赖某种互动机制引致产业更新,最终导致生产力出现“新质态”,这是新质生产力形成的一般机制。基于形成条件与机制的探讨,应从推动与新质生产力相匹配的制度创新、充分释放数据要素活力、加快构筑现代化产业体系、塑造以提升创新能力为导向的人才培养机制等方面入手,汇聚因地制宜发展新质生产力的磅礴力量。