Inevitability and Emergent Problems of Science &Technology Innovation Access to Integration

The causes and the problems of integration of scientific ＆ technical innovation （ISTI） and inevitability are proposed. The status of domestic scientific ＆ technical innovation is analysed. A series of emergent managerial problems caused by the system ISTI （SISTI） are pointed out. Because of Hall three dimensions structure＇s enlightenment, a three dimensional logical net diagram in which the system integration of innovation based on problem in real world but not on disciplinary logic is drawn. The intelligent group＇ s need span is greater under the conditions of relatively low material level than common groups who have lower degree of education. The SISTI is composed by multi-rule and intelligent multi-agent behavior. It is concluded that the logical relationships of integrated technology which based on the author＇s experience and observation must be considerded for a valid management of SISTI.

Huazhong University of Science and Technology(H.U.S.T)

1.Origins and DevelopmentHuazhong University of Science andTechnology(H.U.S.T.)is one of the leadinguniversities in China directly under the StateCommission for Education.H.U.S.T.was founded by gathering thefaculty and students as well as the equip-

Advancement in Science and Technology Enhanced the Growth of China's Electric Power Industry

Within the seven years’ period from 1987 to 1994. the total installed capacity of China’s electric power industry doubled from 100 GW to 200 GW. This high rate of growth has imposed new and more stringent requirements on all the branches in the

A new approach to assessing the science and technology competitiveness of China's provincial academies of sciences

Purpose： This study aims to establish a new framework for evaluating science and technology （S＆T） competitiveness that is appropriate to meet the needs of provincial academies of sciences （PASs） in China.Design/methodology/approaches： An evaluation index, including such assessing indicators as research strength, research impact, research development and trends, and regional contributions, is developed for China＇s PASs. Taking the Jiangxi Academy of Sciences （JXAS） as an example, we first explain how to apply this framework to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of PASs in China. Then, we compare the results of all 17 PASs in order to get a comprehensive understanding of their competitiveness.Findings： Our results show the development path, current status, innovation advantages, and weaknesses of JXAS very clearly. Based on our comparative analysis, we ranked the 17 PASs from the perspective of different dimensions, by which their competitiveness strengths and weaknesses can be highlighted for improvement.Research limitations： In this analysis, we did not take S＆T policies, S＆T systems, or historical factors into consideration. Thus, we may have ignored the influence of the soft individual differences of different PASs in China..Practical implications： The evaluation index developed in this paper provides a useful insight into an analytical method that can be used by PASs or other provincial research institutions （PRIs） to assess their competitiveness.Originality/value： Compared with existing evaluation frameworks, our method has two main characteristics： First, we added three new dimensions, including the PASs＇ applicable research outputs, regional contributions, and comparative advantages; second, we conducted a comparative analysis of local research institutes in their different advantaged industrial areas, which makes our analytical method more comprehensive for local research institutions.

The measure and characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution of China＇s science and technology resource allocation efficiency

According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）, science and tech- nology （S＆T） resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S＆T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）. It turned out that： （1） the average of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. （2） The asymmetrical distribution of S＆T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S＆T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. （3） The coupling degree between S＆T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S＆T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S＆T resources and so on. （4） In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S＆T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. （5） Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S＆T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.

Science and Technology Networks: A Helping Hand to Boost Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030?

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 underlines the importance of Science and Technology(S&T) and S&T networks for effective disaster risk reduction(DRR). The knowledge of existing S&T networks and their exact role in DRR,however, is limited. This opinion piece initiates a discussion on the role of S&T networks in the implementation of the Sendai Framework. The article highlights that current practice is oriented towards a narrative that emphasizes the potential of S&T for DRR and stresses a collaborative approach delivered through networks. But a true understanding of whether and how S&T networks can mobilize and enable S&T for DRR is missing. We call for a review of existing S&T networks for DRR and the development of good practice guidelines on S&T networks for DRR. This review should include knowledge on how to overcome common challenges and maximize the benefits, along with a framework for successful evaluation of such networks.This knowledge would provide much needed guidance for existing and emerging networks.

The Evolution of China’s National Innovation System During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up

From the perspective of economic system transformations and scientific and technological system reforms, this paper investigates the evolution of China’s national innovation system (NIS) during the 40 years of reform and opening up. It concludes that China’s NIS has evolved from weak to strong, from a follower groping its way onto the track of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics. China’s innovation system has experienced a trajectory from “introduction and imitation of complete sets of technology” to “market for technology and imitative innovation,” to “integrated and secondary innovation” and on to “integrated, secondary, collaborative and original innovation combined.” The path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics is a natural choice of economic, societal, and technological development in the new era.

“土秀才”如何挑起乡村振兴“金扁担”——CAS视域下对王台镇科技特派员制度系统的机理分析

乡村振兴背景下科技特派员制度在助力实现农业农村现代化的过程中发挥着重要作用。研究基于复杂适应系统理论(CAS)对福建省王台镇科技特派员的制度系统实践及其中的机理问题进行分析。研究发现,科技特派员制度系统在制度主体、运行过程等方面呈现出多维复杂适应性特征;在“刺激-反应”模型下这一制度系统建立起双向选择机制、投入回报机制及政府保障机制等复杂适应性机制;以“积木组合”为中心建立起包括“科技二传手”在内的3种创新发展模式。基于以上结论,研究从发挥导向优势等方面提出科技特派员制度发展的长效机制建议。

底线思维与科技审度:高风险社会治理的要义与进路

当前AI大爆发及其应对乏力表明,西方科技发展模式的缺陷与人类社会的脆弱及学界研究的薄弱,更加凸显人类风险防控机制存在诸多漏洞及其引发的科技危机与人类安全危机,已把人类带入高风险社会。用底线思维与刘大椿提出的科技审度予以破解:底线思维解决非共识下的议而不决;科技审度和审度思维所特有的执两用中、包容互补、多元开放、整合升级、共识决策等,可提供有效的治理对策。科技转型是治理科技风险的根本解决之道,科技审度可发挥重要的启发与引导作用,以构建真善美的新型科技发展模式,加快世界科学中心建设,据此总结出高风险社会治理的要义与进路,以作为科技风险治理的研究指南。

基于Citrix的异地软件共享系统的设计与实现

针对国家科技基础条件平台中大型仪器、设备等共享的需求,提出基于思杰(Citrix)的异地软件共享解决方案,其中包括系统原理、设计与实现的描述。经过用户试用,证明该方案可行,有助于提高大型软件的利用率,减少大型软件的购买费用,符合科技基础条件平台资源共享与整合的建设原则。

英国科技伦理监管体系研究与启示

英国是科技创新强国,向来重视科技伦理的合理有效监管,已建立涉及多个领域的科技伦理监管体系。通过研究英国科技伦理监管法规政策制度和实验动物、卫生健康、转基因与生态环境、数据、人工智能以及财政资助计划项目等领域的伦理监管体制机制,分析总结英国科技伦理监管体系的经验及特点,本文认为英国内政部负责的实验动物管理体制、独特的卫生健康伦理监管系统、重视财政资助计划项目伦理监管以及有效的信息化平台支撑是英国科技伦理监管体系的特色,对中国加强科技伦理治理具有一定借鉴意义。就此提出加强科技伦理治理的相关启示及建议,为构建适合中国特色的科技伦理治理体系提供借鉴。

技术和生态双元“卡脖子”情境下科技领军企业突破性技术创新路径研究

基于协同追赶视角,采用探索性多案例研究方法,剖析技术和生态双元“卡脖子”情境下科技领军企业突破性技术创新路径。研究发现:中国科技领军企业主要通过原创技术追赶(第Ⅰ类)和引进技术追赶(第Ⅱ类)两种战略,在技术和市场上缩小与国外领先企业的差距,突破性技术创新是主要的创新形式;两类科技领军企业分别通过“技术架构源头突破”和“技术授权自研突破”的模式掌握关键核心技术,第Ⅰ类科技领军企业通过“技术联盟对冲突破”的模式破解技术生态封锁,两类企业都可以通过“技术平台兼容突破”的模式降低商业生态掣肘;第Ⅰ类科技领军企业的存在和快速进步有效促进第Ⅱ类科技领军企业持续获得知识更新,第Ⅱ类科技领军企业的发展和市场竞争则加速第Ⅰ类科技领军企业快速提升产品性能;在协同追赶突破性技术创新进程中,中国科技领军企业不仅承载起“双链”链长的使命担当,还通过“技术互补融通突破”的模式关联起“四链”(创新链、产业链、供应链、价值链)的稳健发展,实现高水平科技自立自强。

欧盟科技创新战略及其对中欧科技合作的影响

2021年,欧盟开始实施第九期框架计划,即“地平线欧洲”计划。本文介绍了“地平线欧洲”计划反映出的欧盟科技创新未来关键战略方向和对外科技合作原则,从高科技产品贸易、合作论文发表、科研项目合作等多个维度分析中国与欧盟的科技合作现状与重点合作领域,探讨欧盟科技创新战略变化对中欧科技合作的可能影响,并对新的国际形势下如何推进未来中欧科技合作提出对策建议。

博物馆如何展示“科技的力量”——从中国国家博物馆“科技的力量”专题展览的内容设计谈起

博物馆举办科技与工业相关主题展览对完整全面展示社会历史发展进程具有重要意义。展览内容策划工作首先要明确展览立意,建构主线清晰的叙事脉络。通过深入挖掘和重新阐释馆藏、开展专项征集等方式充实展品,充分利用展览中的文字说明,注重历史阐释,充分展示科技在历史进程中的力量。

美国国家战略科技力量的发展趋势及其对中国科技自立自强的启示

新时期全球竞争格局出现了重大转变,中国崛起的趋势与外部遏制压力之间的矛盾正在加剧。探讨中美科技博弈背景下美国国家战略科技力量的特征与趋势,对中国谋划国家战略科技力量建设的总路线图、应对科技革命和产业变革、提升国际竞争能力具有重要意义。本研究探讨了大国博弈与国家使命双重导向下的中美科技发展形势,提出美国国家战略科技力量以建立全球绝对领先优势为总目标,并分解为战略安全、技术安全、国防安全、产业安全四个子目标,进而协同政治引导力量、科技研发力量、军工战备力量、企业实施力量四大力量,在场景变化、技术预见、国家实验室改革、人才组织、军民融合、产业载体、数字转型等方面呈现最新发展趋势。本文从提高主动应对、构建技术预见系统、优化国家实验室管理和运行体系、推动军民融合发展、增强产业自主可控、发挥领军型企业的主体作用、加强数字经济支撑等角度进行总结,为中国实现科技自立自强提供启示。

关键核心技术产学研协同创新机理研究——以芯片光刻技术为例

产学研协同创新是突破关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题、实现科技自立自强的重要途径,但鲜有研究揭示面向关键核心技术创新的产学研协同机理。基于复杂系统管理理论,构建关键核心技术产学研协同创新机理系统框架,揭示产学研非线性互动协同创新规律,并以芯片光刻技术为例,借助社会网络分析法实证解析该框架。研究发现:①资源整合—主体交互—系统涌现是基于复杂系统管理视角提升产学研协同网络成效、加快关键核心技术突破的有效途径;②主导者—桥梁—辅助者权力分配规则能够有效促进多元主体在交互过程中通过嵌入性社会关系推动关键核心技术创新的价值增值;③模块化—松散耦合的网络结构能够消除主体间交互障碍、最大化结构红利,是产学研协同复杂网络在系统结构层面涌现的关键核心技术创新突破规律。最后,通过芯片光刻技术专利合作网络实证解析关键核心技术产学研协同创新机理,提出强化面向关键核心技术产学研协同创新、助力高水平科技自立自强的对策建议。

面向科技项目选题管理的情报服务框架构建研究

[目的/意义]大国科技竞争与科技自立自强对科技项目管理提出了更高要求,选题管理在科技项目管理全流程中起到重要作用,但目前对选题管理环节不够重视,选题管理方式的客观性与科学性仍有待提升,提供精准的科技情报服务是解决当前科技项目选题管理工作面临困境的有效手段。[方法/过程]文章对现有的科技项目管理流程进行了优化,探讨科技项目选题管理的重要性与现有选题管理工作中存在的不足。在探索科技项目选题管理的情报需求、选题内容依据与多种选题管理决策场景的基础上,从引导性与前瞻性两方面出发构建面向科技项目选题管理的情报服务框架。[结果/结论]提出了由科技管理活动层、需求理解层、情报功能与情报理解层等构成的面向科技管理决策的情报服务框架,以期为科技项目管理方选题决策提供科技情报支撑与通用性的情报工具,为面向科技管理决策的情报服务体系建设提供参考与借鉴。

广西科技型中小企业发展现状与对策研究

科技型中小企业技术含量高、创新能力强,是极具活力和潜力的创新主体,是强化企业创新主体地位的重要力量。文章基于2021年广西壮族自治区入库科技型中小企业数据,从科技型中小企业数量、地域分布、领域分布、经济运行、人员构成五大维度分析广西科技型中小企业发展现状,指出广西科技型中小企业面临的三大问题,提出以科技项目为抓手科技项目提升科技型中小企业创新能力、以惠企政策为引导支持科技型中小企业创新发展、以孵化平台为支撑培育壮大科技型中小企业数量规模、以环境优化为助推持续激发科技型中小企业活力四大对策。

强化国家战略科技力量的政策演变、理论进展与展望

强化战略科技力量对实现高水平科技自立自强、建设科技强国至关重要。文章梳理了我国战略科技力量政策的变迁历程,从内涵、要素、主体和路径对策角度分析了战略科技力量研究的理论逻辑,并通过反思现有研究对未来研究进行展望。研究发现:我国战略科技力量政策发展经历了早期探索、战略升级、全面建设三个阶段,呈现需求层级不断提升、原始创新特征逐渐强化、主体分工特征不断明确、部门协同和深度融合明显等演变特征。战略科技力量理论研究在内涵特征、历史演进、关键主体和路径对策等方面取得了初步进展,但远未达成共识并形成理论体系。未来研究应聚焦协同机制分析、测度识别和创新效应评估、科技治理制度改革,不断拓展理论研究深度,科学评估科技力量建设进程,夯实中国式现代化新征程的科技基础能力。

应用型大学科技类学生社团学生自主学习行为影响因素分析——以北京联合大学为例

在科技与知识快速变革的时代背景下,高校科技类学生社团的学生积极进行自主学习是其应对日新月异的外部环境的重要法宝。以北京联合大学为例,运用AMOS24.0构建结构方程模型,研究科技类社团学生自主学习行为的影响因素。结果表明:专业认同、自我效能感、学习能力、学习意愿、学习环境均正向影响自主学习行为。据此,建议采取优化社团导师制度、改进教学方法、建设积极健康的校园文化及提高学业自我效能感等方式,改善学生自主学习现状。