Mineral resources are essential to prosperity and security of modern societies.How mineral resources can guar-antee sustainable development of economy in countries,especially those developing countries,has long been a...Mineral resources are essential to prosperity and security of modern societies.How mineral resources can guar-antee sustainable development of economy in countries,especially those developing countries,has long been a focus of attention of international communities.This paper provides a comprehensive summary for major ad-vance of the research on mineral resources in past decades,and proposes some key issues regarding ore-forming mechanism,exploration and utilization of major and critical mineral resources.On the basis of these aspects,we also identify four priority science issues to be addressed in the future,including(1)mechanism of both metal circulation and extremely high concentration,(2)theories and technologies of prospecting deep-earth resources,(3)investigation of mineral resources in seafloor and polar regions,and(4)efficient,clean and recycling utiliza-tion of mineral resources.It can be expected that new advances in these four issues would tremendously promote the innovation of mineral resource science,and provide scientific and technologic support to meet the demand of mineral resources for human activities and the harmonious development of both mineral-resource exploration and ecological restoration.展开更多
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) was established in late 1999 on the basis of the consolidation of two former CAS institutions: the Institute of Geography and the Commission for...Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) was established in late 1999 on the basis of the consolidation of two former CAS institutions: the Institute of Geography and the Commission for Integrated Surveys of Natural Resources. With an aim to promote the coordinated development between population, resources, economy and the environment, the IGSNRR strives to serve the nation’s major needs in resource and the展开更多
More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS gra...More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS graduate education was also facing enormous challenges stemming from the dynamic development and wide applications of information technologies into the pedagogical arena of teaching and learning at all levels.Social evolution also made it necessary for LS educators to re-examine once again their graduate education model,curricular composition,educational philosophy and educational missions.In analyzing the present situation of LS graduate education in China,this paper focuses on the following issues:1)Growing size of LS graduate education(quantity and quality);2)educational objectives,including research direction and placement for graduates;3)structure of knowledge and curricular construction;4)conditions of administering a library school of high quality and 5)the management of teaching resources.The keystone of this paper is to pinpoint where current library science curricular deficiencies are lying.It is hoped that more serious scholarly discussions and perhaps also even concerted efforts among LS scholars and library practioners may be evoked in having the graduate education system of library and information science thoroughly realigned for the informational needs of the 21st century.展开更多
According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Ana...According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), science and tech- nology (S&T) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S&T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). It turned out that: (1) the average of S&T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. (2) The asymmetrical distribution of S&T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S&T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. (3) The coupling degree between S&T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S&T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S&T resources and so on. (4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S&T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S&T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. (5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S&T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006).
文摘Mineral resources are essential to prosperity and security of modern societies.How mineral resources can guar-antee sustainable development of economy in countries,especially those developing countries,has long been a focus of attention of international communities.This paper provides a comprehensive summary for major ad-vance of the research on mineral resources in past decades,and proposes some key issues regarding ore-forming mechanism,exploration and utilization of major and critical mineral resources.On the basis of these aspects,we also identify four priority science issues to be addressed in the future,including(1)mechanism of both metal circulation and extremely high concentration,(2)theories and technologies of prospecting deep-earth resources,(3)investigation of mineral resources in seafloor and polar regions,and(4)efficient,clean and recycling utiliza-tion of mineral resources.It can be expected that new advances in these four issues would tremendously promote the innovation of mineral resource science,and provide scientific and technologic support to meet the demand of mineral resources for human activities and the harmonious development of both mineral-resource exploration and ecological restoration.
文摘Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) was established in late 1999 on the basis of the consolidation of two former CAS institutions: the Institute of Geography and the Commission for Integrated Surveys of Natural Resources. With an aim to promote the coordinated development between population, resources, economy and the environment, the IGSNRR strives to serve the nation’s major needs in resource and the
文摘More than twenty years ago,Wuhan University and Nanjing University offered library science(LS)graduate programs.Since then,LS graduate education has been growing quickly in many aspects.At the same time,however,LS graduate education was also facing enormous challenges stemming from the dynamic development and wide applications of information technologies into the pedagogical arena of teaching and learning at all levels.Social evolution also made it necessary for LS educators to re-examine once again their graduate education model,curricular composition,educational philosophy and educational missions.In analyzing the present situation of LS graduate education in China,this paper focuses on the following issues:1)Growing size of LS graduate education(quantity and quality);2)educational objectives,including research direction and placement for graduates;3)structure of knowledge and curricular construction;4)conditions of administering a library school of high quality and 5)the management of teaching resources.The keystone of this paper is to pinpoint where current library science curricular deficiencies are lying.It is hoped that more serious scholarly discussions and perhaps also even concerted efforts among LS scholars and library practioners may be evoked in having the graduate education system of library and information science thoroughly realigned for the informational needs of the 21st century.
基金Key Projects of Philosophy of the Social Science funded by the Ministry of Education,No.11JD039National Key Public Bidding Project for Soft Science Research Plan,No.2012GXS1D002National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41001083
文摘According to the connotation and structure of science and technology resources and some relevant data of more than 286 cities at prefecture level and above during 2001-2010, using modified method--Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), science and tech- nology (S&T) resource allocation efficiency of different cities in different periods has been figured out, which, uncovers the distributional difference and change law of S&T resource allocation efficiency from the time-space dimension. Based on that, this paper has analyzed and discussed the spatial distribution pattern and evolution trend of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different cities by virtue of the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA). It turned out that: (1) the average of S&T resource allocation efficiency in cities at prefecture level and above has always stayed at low levels, moreover, with repeated fluctuations between high and low, which shows a decreasing trend year by year. Besides, the gap between the East and the West is widening. (2) The asymmetrical distribution of S&T resource allocation effi- ciency presents a spatial pattern of successively decreasing from Eastern China, Central China to Western China. The cities whose S&T resource allocation efficiency are at higher level and high level take on a cluster distribution, which fits well with the 23 forming urban agglomerations in China. (3) The coupling degree between S&T resource allocation efficiency and economic environment assumes a certain positive correlation, but not completely the same. The differentiation of S&T resource allocation efficiency is common in regional devel- opment, whose existence and evolution are directly or indirectly influenced by and regarded as the reflection of many elements, such as geographical location, the natural endowment and environment of S&T resources and so on. (4) In the perspective of the evolution of spatial structure, S&T resource allocation efficiency of the cities at prefecture level and above shows a notable spatial autocorrelation, which in every period presents a positive correlation. The spatial distribution of S&T resource allocation efficiency in neighboring cities seems to be similar in group, which tends to escalate stepwise. Meanwhile, the whole differentiation of geographical space has a diminishing tendency. (5) Viewed from LISA agglomeration map of S&T resource allocation efficiency in different periods, four agglomeration types have changed differently in spatial location and the range of spatial agglomeration. And the conti- nuity of S&T resource allocation efficiency in geographical space is gradually increasing.