General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Citation and bibliographic coupling between authors in the field of social network analysis

Purpose:We analyzed the structure of a community of authors working in the field of social network analysis(SNA)based on citation indicators:direct citation and bibliographic coupling metrics.We observed patterns at the micro,meso,and macro levels of analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We used bibliometric network analysis,including the“temporal quantities”approach proposed to study temporal networks.Using a two-mode network linking publications with authors and a one-mode network of citations between the works,we constructed and analyzed the networks of citation and bibliographic coupling among authors.We used an iterated saturation data collection approach.Findings:At the macro-level,we observed the global structural features of citations between authors,showing that 80%of authors have not more than 15 citations from other works.At the meso-level,we extracted the groups of authors citing each other and similar to each other according to their citation patterns.We have seen a division of authors in SNA into groups of social scientists and physicists,as well as into other groups of authors from different disciplines.We found some examples of brokerage between different groups that maintained the common identity of the field.At the micro-level,we extracted authors with extremely high values of received citations,who can be considered as the most prominent authors in the field.We examined the temporal properties of the most popular authors.Research limitations:The main challenge in this approach is the resolution of the author’s name(synonyms and homonyms).We faced the author disambiguation,or“multiple personalities”(Harzing,2015)problem.To remain consistent and comparable with our previously published articles,we used the same SNA data collected up to 2018.The analysis and conclusions on the activity,productivity,and visibility of the authors are relative only to the field of SNA.Practical implications:The proposed approach can be utilized for similar objectives and identifying key structures and characteristics in other disciplines.This may potentially inspire the application of network approaches in other research areas,creating more authors collaborating in the field of SNA.Originality/value:We identified and applied an innovative approach and methods to study the structure of scientific communities,which allowed us to get the findings going beyond those obtained with other methods.We used a new approach to temporal network analysis,which is an important addition to the analysis as it provides detailed information on different measures for the authors and pairs of authors over time.

Scientific Development of Power Sector Led by Plan EIA in a New Environmental Protection Situation

Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.

Scientific Approach to Development and Human Rights

The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development and made it a strategy for governing the country, putting it in command of all economic and social development. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has persisted in the central task of economic development and put development in the first place. The evolution of the concept ＂development is the hard truth＂ to ＂development is a task of first importance in governing the country and invigorating the Chinese nation＂ and to the establishment of the scientific development approach reflects the deepening and growing command of the laws governing China＇s economic and social development.

Analysis on Evaluating Comprehensive Efficiency of Enterprise Leaders＇ Performance Based on Scientific Development Outlook

In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders＇ effectiveness and performance, and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders＇ performance by stage statistics. This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency （CE） based on Scientific Development Outlook, which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders＇ performance, depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index （OEI） and Cost Efficiency Index （CEI） of enterprise leaders＇ performance, and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）.

Scientific Research in Universities of Vietnam in Present and Its Effects on Training Quality

In this paper, the author presented an overview of scientific research in universities of Vietnam in present and analyzed and assessed its effects on the quality of education in universities. The information to write this article was obtained in the references and from the management practice for the universities and the research institute.

Dimensions and Approaches of University Development Under the Guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development

This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultural perspective dimension of people-oriented, the qualitative perspective dimension of personnel training, the innovative perspective dimension of academic research, and the strategic perspective dimension of scientific development. Finally, this article analyzed the scientific development approaches on coordinating the university extensive expansion and content development, special development and overall development, teaching and research as well as interests of current and long-term development were proposed.

CONSTANTLY IMPROVE AND DEVELOP INTERNATIONAL PATENT SYSTEM,PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD

When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in developing intellectual property systems and discuss issues of common concern. The themes listed in the agenda not only mirror the emerging issues of the development of the international intellectual property system, but also carry significant weight to

Research on Scientific Development Strategy of Water Conservancy Economy Based on Sustainable Development

Water conservancy economy is an important component of the economy of our country, and the development of water conservancy economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the overall economic development of our country.At present,the water conservancy economy of our country is facing problems of the shortage of water resources and the serious water pollution,these two problems have seriously restricted the scientific and effective development of water conservancy economy.Nowadays,under the background of the socioeconomic development of advocating sustainable development,the development of water conservancy economy also should keep up with the trend of the times,adhering to the view of sustainable development is the inevitable requirement of long-term development of water conservancy economy.This paper firstly expounds the connotation and characteristics of sustainable development, and the necessity of sustainable development of water conservancy economy, then summarizes the present situation of the development of water conservancy economy, analyzes the factors existed in the development of water conservancy economy, which influence the sustainable development of water conservancy economy, finally, takes the vision of sustainable development to probe into the scientific development measures,which should be adopted by water conservancy economy, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to help it achieve the goal of sustainable development.

Agriculture Development and Strategy in Scientific Concept of Development

This report presents the party＇ s congress in 2020 to ensure the completion of the goal to achieve a comprehensive well-off society, and build a moderately prosperous society that focuses on rural issues and bottlenecks. After the founding of New China＇ s rural issues, our country has gone through a period of free flow of urban and rural in urban and rural isolation period and the interaction period. Although the performance of the various period＇ s rural issues are not the same, but behind it there is a profound theoretical and practical logic. It is the cumulative long-term history of this issue to become ＂top priority＂ , the scientific concept of development is put forward to solve this problem, which is to expand the boundaries of knowledge, provide methodological guidance for us to solve rural issues. Therefore, to solve three agricultural issues to thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, we must regard development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the party, adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural development, adhere to the overall rural economic and social development,, and adhere to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.

To Improve the Effectiveness of Anti-secession and Anti-osmosis in Ideological Field of Xinjiang Higher Vocational Colleges under the Guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development

The source structure of students in Xinjiang higher vocational colleges is complicated; most of the students have multi-variant ideologies and weak self-control ability. Under such background, the struggle of anti-cession and anti-osmosis in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges will become more severe. As the domestic and foreign hostile forces conduct more and more osmosis means in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges and the situations become more and more complicated, the splittism of Xinjiang nations gradually escalates. They have not only made some violent and terrorist activities in the society, but also used the religion to split and permeate the students in higher vocational colleges and some teenagers. Higher vocational colleges are the main export to transmit talents to the nation and the society, so we have to pay enough attention to ideological cultivation and education of students.

Consider Science, Technology, Environment and Human Rights as a Whole to Achieve Scientific Development

The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decade, the human rights construction of China has made enormous achievements. The complete building up of a better-off society requires taking comprehensive consideration of many aspects, such as the economy, politics, culture,

Investigation on the Effect of the Cultivation of Consumers'Scientific and Technological Concept on the Sales of Skin Care Products

The number of skin care products developed scientifically and technologically is increasing in the market now.Whether it is a gimmick or a real desire to make a good product,companies are actively promoting the development and growth of the technological skin care market.The analysis of our market survey indicates that companies and consumers generally show a trend of mutual progress along with the market growth of technological skincare.Companies and consumers alternately play a leading role in different stages of progress.In this survey study,consumers were divided into four types:minimalist consumers,trendy consumers,ingredient-based consumers,and technological consumers.A series of comparative analyses for these four groups showed that consumers have the trend to instinctively develop from minimalist to technological consumer.Along with the increase of skin care knowledges,consumers can more trust and be more willing to buy the technology-based skin care products.For those ones who has no experiences with the technology-based skin care products,after gaining skincare knowledges,they are also willing to try.This is a good signal for companies.While helping with consumers being more knowledgeable in skincare,companies can lead consumers to learn about their researches and products development,which will benefit the market acceptance of the products.Users can also benefit from gaining more relevant knowledges.With these knowledges,consumers can be clearer about their own needs,more rational on skincare purchasing,and they can select the correct skincare.

Hi-Tech Revolution The rise of China’s scientific and technological development

The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But this was no ordinary announcer： his voice and appearance have been entirely generated by artificial intelligence technology.

Research on the Coupling Mechanism of Creative Spirit Cultivation and Scientific and Technological Innovation Development

Migration and innovation is the driving force of scientific and technological development.By analyzing the coupling relationship between the two,this paper finds out the common elements shared by the two factors,and constructs the coupling guarantee mechanism between them,so as to provide suggestions for the coordination,win-win and synchronous benign development of the spirit of makers and the development of scientific and technological innovation,and promote the sustainable development of the national innovation system.

Forum on Scientific Outlook Toward Development,Human Rights

How the scientific outlook toward developmem is related to human rights in China was the theme of a forum held in Beijing by the Human Rights magazine on April 18. Attending were a dozen experts from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the Central Party School, Beijing University, Renmin University of China, China Political Science and Law University, PLA Airforce Command Institute and China Society for Human Rights Studies. They discussed a range of questions including the connotation of the scientific outlook toward development, how the scientific outlook toward development is related to human rights and how it guides the development of human rights in both theory and practice, and the significance of the inclusion of human rights into China＇s Eleventh Five-Year Program for Economic and Social Development （2006-2010）.