General laws of funding for scientific citations:how citations change in funded and unfunded research between basic and applied sciences

Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.

Masked Sentence Model Based on BERT for Move Recognition in Medical Scientific Abstracts

Purpose:Mo ve recognition in scientific abstracts is an NLP task of classifying sentences of the abstracts into different types of language units.To improve the performance of move recognition in scientific abstracts,a novel model of move recognition is proposed that outperforms the BERT-based method.Design/methodology/approach:Prevalent models based on BERT for sentence classification often classify sentences without considering the context of the sentences.In this paper,inspired by the BERT masked language model(MLM),we propose a novel model called the masked sentence model that integrates the content and contextual information of the sentences in move recognition.Experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset PubMed 20K RCT in three steps.Then,we compare our model with HSLN-RNN,BERT-based and SciBERT using the same dataset.Findings:Compared with the BERT-based and SciBERT models,the F1 score of our model outperforms them by 4.96%and 4.34%,respectively,which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel model and the result of our model comes closest to the state-of-theart results of HSLN-RNN at present.Research limitations:The sequential features of move labels are not considered,which might be one of the reasons why HSLN-RNN has better performance.Our model is restricted to dealing with biomedical English literature because we use a dataset from PubMed,which is a typical biomedical database,to fine-tune our model.Practical implications:The proposed model is better and simpler in identifying move structures in scientific abstracts and is worthy of text classification experiments for capturing contextual features of sentences.Originality/value:T he study proposes a masked sentence model based on BERT that considers the contextual features of the sentences in abstracts in a new way.The performance of this classification model is significantly improved by rebuilding the input layer without changing the structure of neural networks.

Vibration Response Analysis of a New Scientific Research Ship Based on Finite Element Modeling

To control the vibration level of ships under construction,MSC Software’s Patran&Nastran modeling solutions can be used to establish a detailed finite element model of a new manned submersible support mother ship based on a line drawing,including the deck layout,bulkhead section,and stiffener distribution.After a comprehensive analysis of the ship simulation conditions,boundaries,and excitation forces of the main operating equipment,modal analysis and calculation of the ship vibration can be conducted.In this study,we calculated and analyzed the vibration response of key points in the stern area of the ship’s main deck and the submersible warehouse area under design loading working conditions.We then analyzed the vibration response of typical decks(including the compass deck,steering deck,captain’s deck,forecastle deck,and main deck)under the main excitation forces and moments(such as the full swing pod and generator sets).The analysis results showed that under DESIDEP working conditions,the vibration of each deck and key areas of the support mother ship could meet the vibration code requirements of the ship’s preliminary design(using the pod excitation and generator sets).Similarly,the vibration response of a scientific research ship under other loading conditions also met the requirements of the code and provided data support for a comprehensive understanding of the ship’s vibration and noise levels.Using actual vibration measurements,the accuracy of the vibration level simulations using finite element modeling was verified,the vibration of each area of the ship comfortably meeting the requirements of the China Classification Society.

Information in the Structure of Reality:the Scientific Worldview and the Fundamental Question of Philosophy

We offer a new understanding of the scientific world and the contents of the basic question of philosophy,which is based on an analysis of the phenomenon of the specific information in the various components of the structure of reality.It is shown that,in addition to material objects,processes,and events,in the real world are also intangible objects,processes and conditions that are in its information content.So the basic question of philosophy is proposed to treat the relationship as a tangible and intangible component of reality.More succinctly it can be formulated as the ratio of matter and information.This allows you to point to some new challenges studying the phenomenon of information in various components of the structure of reality.

Theoretical Model on Transformation Factors of Scientific and Technological Achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative

With the continuous deepening of the Belt and Road Initiative,the countries involved are increasingly connected in the field of science and technology.Based on the transformation theory of scientific and technological(S&T)achievements,this study establishes a theoretical model of transformation factors of S&T achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative.Combined with the data analysis from questionnaire,it is found that in S&T achievements transformation process,there is a significant positive correlation between the innovation factors and the transfer factors,between the transfer factors and the diffusion factors,and between the diffusion factors and the transformation results.These conclusions provide reference for the subsequent S&T achievements transformation activities under the Belt and Road Initiative.Therefore,in the process of promoting the transformation of S&T achievements under the Belt and Road Initiative in the future,innovation factors such as information innovation,service innovation,and cooperative innovation should be fully reflected.Relevant agencies should take the transfer factors of S&T achievements as guidance;promote and apply the results of incubation through diffusion media and diffusion channels.

Automatic Keyphrase Extraction from Scientific Chinese Medical Abstracts Based on Character-Level Sequence Labeling

Purpose:Automatic keyphrase extraction(AKE)is an important task for grasping the main points of the text.In this paper,we aim to combine the benefits of sequence labeling formulation and pretrained language model to propose an automatic keyphrase extraction model for Chinese scientific research.Design/methodology/approach:We regard AKE from Chinese text as a character-level sequence labeling task to avoid segmentation errors of Chinese tokenizer and initialize our model with pretrained language model BERT,which was released by Google in 2018.We collect data from Chinese Science Citation Database and construct a large-scale dataset from medical domain,which contains 100,000 abstracts as training set,6,000 abstracts as development set and 3,094 abstracts as test set.We use unsupervised keyphrase extraction methods including term frequency(TF),TF-IDF,TextRank and supervised machine learning methods including Conditional Random Field(CRF),Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Network(BiLSTM),and BiLSTM-CRF as baselines.Experiments are designed to compare word-level and character-level sequence labeling approaches on supervised machine learning models and BERT-based models.Findings:Compared with character-level BiLSTM-CRF,the best baseline model with F1 score of 50.16%,our character-level sequence labeling model based on BERT obtains F1 score of 59.80%,getting 9.64%absolute improvement.Research limitations:We just consider automatic keyphrase extraction task rather than keyphrase generation task,so only keyphrases that are occurred in the given text can be extracted.In addition,our proposed dataset is not suitable for dealing with nested keyphrases.Practical implications:We make our character-level IOB format dataset of Chinese Automatic Keyphrase Extraction from scientific Chinese medical abstracts(CAKE)publicly available for the benefits of research community,which is available at:https://github.com/possible1402/Dataset-For-Chinese-Medical-Keyphrase-Extraction.Originality/value:By designing comparative experiments,our study demonstrates that character-level formulation is more suitable for Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction task under the general trend of pretrained language models.And our proposed dataset provides a unified method for model evaluation and can promote the development of Chinese automatic keyphrase extraction to some extent.

Original Frame of Organizational Model from the Chinese Traditional Philosophy

In this paper, the studies show that the framework of the original organizational models based on the philosophy view is constructed. The driving forces are also expatiated in the paper. Matching with the time and space in which the organization exists, fitted with the extra environment, making the organization take effect and properly controlling the important potential factors for the organizations further are the four driving forces development. The supporting pillars are cooperation in the competition, communication, negotiation and proper equal culture environment. At last, the researches point out that organization is a process, while organizational model is only a tool for us to realize the world.

Overviews to organizational model from Chinese traditional philosophy

This paper reviews the literatures of the traditional and the modem organizational model to generalize their categories, features and faults. Based on the unification of the Chinese traditional culture and the “YIN and YANG” principles, it discusses how to understand the hypotheses of the organizational models, analyzes the traditional and the leading models, and puts forward two hypotheses, the fixed structure and the flexible structure of organizations.

The Dilemma of Scientific Demarcation and Its Possible Approach

From logicism to historicism,philosophers of science have put forward different standards of scientific demarcation according to their own scientific views.However,these standards encounter problems either in theory or in practice,and then fall into difficulties,thus moving towards relativism.Philosophy of scientific practice has reversed the previous image of science with scientific practice and pointed out the temporality,dynamics and locality of science.Therefore,the scientific boundary under this approach also has the above characteristics.Besides,the scientific boundary constructed by the scientific image is developmental and features temporary stability and effectiveness.Scientific demarcation is not a purely epistemological problem,but also a practical one.

The Stabilizing Role of Material Structure in Scientific Practice

Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stabilizing human knowledge, with a special focus on its material anchors and their interactions with other stabilization means. In particular, I consider how such stabilization is reflected in scientific activity and practice, and what its repercussions are for the models of science that have dominated the philosophical landscape of the 20th century. My starting hypothesis will be that the role of material anchors in stabilizing conceptual blends is analogous to that of technology in grounding scientific knowledge. The framework I adopt with regard to conceptualization is that of Fauconnier and Turner （2002） on conceptual blends. Just as technology intervenes in scientific practice in conjunction with conceptual elements, so do material anchors, which conjoin other non-material strategies of knowledge stabilization. Endowing knowledge with a material basis may be understood firstly as an element （sometimes a key element） for representing knowledge and offering an explanation, and secondly as a way of providing a scientific hypothesis with empirical grounding. It is this second sense that connects with scientific experimentation and the use of instruments and technology.

Popularising Chemistry in Secondary Schools through the development of Scientific and Technological Literacy for All

While chemistry is popular for children of primary school age, its popularity drops dramatically in secondary schools. A potential solution to address this is to recognise the need for greater relevance-relevance to the curriculum, to the needs of society and, in the eyes of the students. The paper tries to puts forward a rethink of the philosophy for school chemistry education, based on the underlying belief that chemistry education is an integral part of education. The target is labelled scientific and technological literacy for all (STL). STL rejects the notion that chemistry is taught solely to acquire the abilities to be a scientist and supports the vision of a single curriculum goal, applicable to all students. Besides being a philosophy, STL is also a teaching approach. This approach is to initiate the teaching of chemistry topics, starting from a carefully chosen society perspective and to introduce the conceptual learning on a need-to-know basis. A limitation is the professional development of teachers. Suggestion for overcoming this involve workshop on materials development. A concern is expressed in cases where teachers make use of ready-made teaching materials (a common practice), without first gaining an understanding and an appreciation of the intended philosophy related to these materials.

数字经济对体育产业高质量发展的影响——基于中介模型和门槛模型的检验

对我国19个省级行政区2012—2021年的面板数据进行实证分析,通过建立中介模型和门槛模型探究数字经济与我国体育产业高质量发展的关系。结果显示:①在固定效应模型的基础上进行实证分析发现,数字经济对体育产业高质量发展产生推动作用;②在数字经济促进体育产业高质量发展过程中,产业结构作为中介变量、科技创新作为调节变量在其中起到相应的促进作用;③数字经济与体育产业高质量发展之间显著存在产业结构一阶门槛和科技创新二阶门槛效应。提出:应从提升数字经济发展水平、优化产业结构以及提升科技创新水平等方面促进体育产业高质量发展,推进社会主义现代化体育强国建设。

阿什里德培训模式在耳鼻咽喉科护理科研培训中的应用效果

目的探讨阿什里德培训模式在耳鼻咽喉科护理科研培训中的应用效果,以改进护理科研培训方法和提高临床护士科研能力。方法选择医院耳鼻咽喉科2018年1月—2019年12月参加培训的79名临床护士作为对照组,采用常规护理科研培训方法;另选取2020年1月—2021年12月参加培训的70名临床护士作为观察组,将阿什里德培训模式的离散阶段、整合阶段、聚焦阶段融入科研培训过程,成立科室护理科研项目管理小组,设计各阶段科研培训方案,在不同阶段赋予不同培训内容和重点。采用t检验比较两组的科研氛围、科研能力、科研压力、科研焦虑及科研绩效等自评指标均数值。结果两组护士的科研压力、科研焦虑、科研能力及科研绩效组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。培训后,两组护士的科研氛围、科研能力及科研绩效评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而两组护士的科研压力和科研焦虑评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于阿什里德培训模式设计的科研培训方案能营造临床科室科研氛围、提高护士科研能力和科研绩效,为改进护理科研培训提供有效的方法。

Reiki as a Communication Process:Between Philosophic Concepts and Experimental Application

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and provide reliable solutions to the Reiki application technique,starting from the fundamental principles expressed by the Reiki origin philosophy,which are proved to be in accordance with the Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS).This model reveals the following main fundamental features of the living organisms:(i)On the entire scale of evolution and organization,from the eukaryotic cell-the composing unit of human,plants,animals to human,the living organisms show a similar informational structure,defined as Informational System of Human and Living Structure(ISHLS);(ii)this informational system is organized in seven informational components,three of them assuring the structuration/restructuration/reproduction and maintenance of the body itself,and the other four the connection with external/inner reality for adaptation;(iii)the neuro-connections between brain and body of the informational components of the ISHLS correspond with the activity of“Chakras”of the ancient empirical model as vital centers of human;(iv)the activity of the ISHLS is reflected in mind by cognitive centers,explaining consciousness.The comparison between the informational results of the IMHLS,with the philosophic Reiki origin concepts,sustains the application of Reiki technique,but improves its understanding and right application by using new,modern concepts developed by the informational model,in accordance not only with their ancient,empirical expression,but much more than that,with actual scientific knowledge on this issue nowadays,concerning information and info-transferring/communication stream in the living bodies.The successful application and effective results of this new version allow to consider this as Ro-Reiki version,just to recognize the essential Romanian contribution to this improvement,concerning the implication and effectiveness of information and the info-communication mechanisms into the human and living organisms,explained in scientific terms of information and psycho-somatic therapy effects.

科学文献主题建模方法及其效果评估研究

[背景/意义]研究和对比不同主题建模方法在科学文献主题识别上的应用表现,对于合理选择使用主题建模技术开展科学文献主题挖掘具有重要意义。[方法/过程]通过构建中英文科学文献实验语料,选择3种主题建模方法(LDA、Top2vec、Bertopic)和5种文本特征计算方法(Bag of Words、TFIDF、Doc2vec、MiniLM、SciBert)进行中英文科学文献主题建模实验,并对不同建模结果的主题多样性、主题一致性、主题稳定性和主题离散性指标进行对比分析。[结果/结论]不同建模工具的主题识别结果存在较大差异,其中LDA与Bertopic在英文和中文语料上识别出的主题中具有相似性关系的主题占比相对较高,但也仅为9.81%和7.46%;基于Doc2vec算法的Top2vec模型在主题多样性指标上的表现相对最优;基于文本预训练算法的Top2vec模型和Bertopic模型的主题稳定性和离散性指标优于传统主题建模方法。针对大语言模型技术的快速发展和广泛应用,加快推进科学文献预训练模型研发,并将之应用于科技情报业务实践是当前的重要研究方向。

数据科学的科学性与科学问题的分析

作为一门新兴的学科领域,数据科学的科学性受到了关注且其科学问题未明确提出。文中从科学研究范式及方法论、可证伪性和可再现性、科学精神及快速迭代以及科学研究纲领及理论体系4个方面探讨了数据科学的“科学性”,并解答了为什么数据科学是一门新兴科学的问题。在此基础上,结合DIKW模型(DIKW Pyramid or Hierarchy)、DMP(Data-Model-Problem)模型、数据科学的统计学和机器学习方法论以及数据科学的流程与活动,提出了数据科学的7个核心科学问题:解释在先还是在后或无、问题对齐数据还是数据对齐问题、更加相信数据还是模型、更加重视性能还是可解释性、如何划分数据、如何用已知数据解决未知数据的问题、人在环路还是人出环路。最后,提出了数据科学研究的4点建议:聚焦数据科学本身的理论研究,推动数据的科学、技术和工程需要进一步分离和专业化,加强人工智能赋能的数据科学的理论与实践以及数据科学学科(Data Science as A Discipline)与学科中的数据科学(Data Science Within A Discipline)的联动。

面向数据密集型科研的科学数据管理模式研究

数据密集型科研范式下,科学研究中产生越来越多的科学数据,科学数据管理变得尤为重要。在梳理国内外相关研究的基础上,剖析数据密集型科研环境下对科学数据管理的新要求,结合数据生命周期理论分析科学数据管理各个阶段任务,构建相应的科学数据管理模式,提出多方主体实践的对策建议,以推动大数据时代的科学数据管理与共享。

人工智能大模型融入教育:观念转变、形态重塑与关键举措

人工智能大模型的迭代进化正引发教育系统性变革的自我觉醒,教育系统正处于从被动接受外部变化转向主动适应并推动内部变革的关键阶段。在认知层面,人工智能大模型的持续融入正加速教育教学观念的转变,包括众创共享的新知识观、智联建构的新学习观、融通开放的新课程观和人机协同的新教学观。在实践层面,人工智能大模型的深度应用催生人机协同教育新形态,形成多元跨域的人机“协同教学”、双向赋能的人机“协同学习”以及安全可信的人机“协同决策”。应对人工智能大模型的浪潮,需持续提升智能时代师生的胜任力、优化智能产品的学校准入机制、有序开展人机协同的教育实践、建构生成式人工智能教育应用标准、保障大模型技术安全与伦理规范,以构建智慧教育新生态。

生物样本库建设在临床专业学位研究生人才培养中的作用

当前,我国临床专业学位硕士研究生培养与住院医师规范化培训全面接轨的“双轨合一”模式已在全国范围内广泛开展。新模式明显提升了专业学位硕士研究生的临床能力,但“重临床、轻科研”的现象普遍存在,以致专业学位硕士研究生的科研能力及科研思维明显不足。生物样本库作为临床科研转化医学研究的关键平台,对科学研究、转化应用及人才培养具有重要的支撑作用。在生物样本库的建设过程中,可培养具有创新意识和实践能力的高素质复合型医学人才。文章重点介绍了我国临床医学研究生培养现状、生物样本库发展现状、生物样本库在医学研究生培养过程中的作用、成效以及设想,以期在新时代背景下构建专业学位研究生人才培养新模式。

中国科技创新对旅游经济效率的空间溢出效应

运用改进熵值法和Bootstrap-DEA模型对2001—2019年中国30个省域的科技创新水平及旅游经济效率进行测算,利用空间自相关分析法考察科技创新与旅游经济效率的空间集聚特征,最后借助空间面板杜宾模型探究科技创新对旅游经济效率的影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明:①研究期内全国及四大地区科技创新水平增长势头强劲,增速形成“中部>东部>西部>东北”的空间格局,区域科技创新发展差异较大;30个省域旅游经济效率明显改善,增速呈现“东北>中部>西部>东部”的分布特征。②科技创新和旅游经济效率全局和局部空间关联性明显,并且主要表现为高高和低低的空间集聚模式;科技创新对本地旅游经济效率改善作用明显,但会通过“虹吸效应”和“屏蔽效应”抑制邻近省域旅游经济效率提升。③在科技创新能力增强过程中,经济发展水平、城镇化、产业结构升级、对外开放等要素是推动旅游经济效率提升的重要力量,旅游资源禀赋对旅游经济效率正向外溢效应显著,经济发展水平和城镇化的负向空间效应明显。