The Biomechanical Aetiology of the So-Called Idiopathic Scoliosis. The Role of Gait and Standing at “Ease” on the Right Leg in the Development of the Deformity

The article presents the biomechanical etiology of the so-called idiopathic scoliosis. The research was conducted in the years 1985-2013, but the importance of the observations connected with the so-called idiopathic scoliosis were completed in 2007 (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). All types of spine deformity are proved to have a connection with gait and with standing “at ease” on the right leg. Every type of scoliosis begins to develop at the age of 2 - 3. The article provides short information about new screening tests and new exercises in the course of causal prophylaxis and treatment.

Percutaneous kyphoplasty in the treatment of Kümmell disease in lumbar scoliosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Due to mechanical imbalance in the spine,elderly scoliosis patients tend to develop vertebral fracture nonunion,i.e.,Kümmell disease,when osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures occur.However,accompanying vertebral rotational deformities make surgical procedures challenging risky.Such patients are usually compelled to undergo conservative treatment and there are very few reports on minimally invasive surgeries for them.We first-time report a patient with Kümmell disease and lumbar scoliosis treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)under O-arm guidance.CASE SUMMARY An 89-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to delayed low back pain after a fall.She was diagnosed with Kümmell disease based on physical and radiologic examinations.The patient experienced severe scoliosis and subsequently underwent O-arm-guided kyphoplasty,resulting in a significant alleviation of low back pain.CONCLUSION PKP has good efficacy in treating Kümmell disease.However,surgical risks are elevated in scoliosis patients with Kümmell disease due to the abnormal anatomical structure of the spine.O-arm assisted operations play a crucial role in decreasing surgical risks.

Scoliocorrector Fatma-UI for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Development, effectivity, safety and functional outcome

BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains a major problem due to its high incidence,high risk,and high cost.One of the aims of the management in scoliosis is to correct the deformity.Many techniques are available to correct scoliosis deformity;however,they are all far from ideal to achieve three-dimensional correction in scoliosis.AIM To develop a set of tools named Scoliocorrector Fatma-UI(SCFUI)to aid threedimensional correction and to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and functional outcome.METHODS This study consists of two stages.In the first stage,we developed the SCFUI and tested it in finite element and biomechanical tests.The second stage was a single-blinded randomized clinical trial to evaluate the SCFUI compared to direct vertebral rotation(DVR).Forty-four subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were randomly allocated into the DVR group(n=23)and SCFUI group(n=21).Radiological,neurological,and functional outcome was compared between the groups.RESULTS Finite element revealed the maximum stress of the SCFUI components to be between 31.2-252 MPa.Biomechanical analysis revealed the modulus elasticity of SCFUI was 9561324±633277 MPa.Both groups showed improvement in Cobb angle and sagittal profile,however the rotation angle was lower in the SCFUI group(11.59±7.46 vs 18.23±6.39,P=0.001).Neurological and functional outcome were comparable in both groups.CONCLUSION We concluded that SCFUI developed in this study resulted in similar coronal and sagittal but better rotational correction compared to DVR.The safety and functional outcomes were also similar to DVR.

Implications of Pediatric Chest Wall Surgery on the Risk of Developing of Scoliosis

Scoliosis, a three-dimensional deformity of the spine, is commonly encountered in orthopedic and multidisciplinary settings, with idiopathic scoliosis being the most diagnosed form. Complications arising from thoracic chest wall surgeries, including thoracotomy and sternotomy, often include scoliosis among other complications. However, reported prevalence rates of scoliosis following chest wall surgery vary widely. This study aims to compare the prevalence of scoliosis in children who have undergone chest wall surgery to the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in the general population, as well as to observe gender ratios and curve direction in post-surgery scoliosis cases. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria comprised studies reporting scoliosis prevalence post chest wall surgery with follow-up times post-surgery. The search yielded 30 articles, all retrospective institutional cohort studies published between 1975 and 2024. Despite heterogeneity in study characteristics, the analysis revealed a 19% prevalence of acquired scoliosis among 5722 children who underwent chest wall surgery, higher than the reported 1% - 4% prevalence in the idiopathic population. Only three studies showed prevalence rates similar to the idiopathic population, possibly due to short follow-up periods. Further research with longer follow-up into skeletal maturity is warranted to better understand the implications of pediatric chest wall surgery on scoliosis development.

Surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dysplasia and scoliosis in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita:A case report

BACKGROUND Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita(SEDC)is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by COL2A1 mutations.SEDC primarily involves the skeletal system,with typical clinical manifestations,including short stature,hip dysplasia,and spinal deformity.Due to the low incidence of SEDC,there are only a few case reports regarding the surgical treatment of SEDC complicated with spinal deformities.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 16-year-old male patient with SEDC.He presented with typical short stature,atlantoaxial dysplasia,scoliosis,and hip dysplasia.Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed spinal canal stenosis at the atlas level and cervical spinal cord compression with myelopathy.The scoliosis was a right thoracic curve with a Cobb angle of 65°.He underwent atlantoaxial reduction,decompression,and internal fixation from C1–C2 to relieve cervical myelopathy.Three months after cervical surgery,posterior correction surgery for scoliosis was performed from T3 to L4.Scoliosis was corrected from 66°to 8°and remained stable at 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION This is the first case report of a patient with SEDC who successfully underwent surgery for atlantoaxial dysplasia and scoliosis.The study provides an important reference for the surgical treatment of SEDC complicated with spinal deformities.

The Outcome of Posterior Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis without Wound Suction Drainage

Background: In spine surgery postoperative closed suction drainage is used to decrease the potential risks of wound hematoma formation, and reduces the risk of infection, cord compression and neurologic deficit. However, the efficacy of drains used for this purpose in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate outcomes of patients after posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without wound suction drainage. Methods: A total of 66 Patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation for the correction of Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without the use of drain from January 2012 to January 2021 were included. Wound dehiscence, wound hematoma, infection, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels and need for transfusion were described as frequency and mean values. Results: The average age was 15.06 years. Hospital stay was 2.2 days. Patients were followed-up over 50.21 months. There was no deep infection, wound hematoma. The difference between just postoperative and three days after operation hemoglobin levels was not significant and no need for transfusion. Only 3 (4.5%) cases with superficial skin infection and 4 (6%) cases with skin and Wound dehiscence were treated with dressing and antibiotics with full recovery. Conclusion: Without using drain for patients with idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation, no increase in blood loss, transfusion requirements, wound infection, skin dehiscence, and wound hematoma was observed.

Acute spinal subdural haematoma complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion for congenital scoliosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Acute spinal subdural haematoma(ASSH)is a rare and potentially devastating condition with a variable prognosis.Previously described subdural haematomas were thought to have occurred spontaneously or be related to major or minor iatrogenic or traumatic injuries caused by surgery,spinal puncture or epidural anaesthesia.Other contributing pathologies have been described,such as intradural tumours or spinal arteriovenous malformations.ASSH has also been associated with anticoagulation therapy,haemostatic abnormalities and risk factors such as pregnancy.To the best of our knowledge,this case study described the first reported occurrence of an ASSH during spinal surgery in a paediatric patient.The patient was not known to have any coagulopathies,and no obvious vascular lesions were documented.The surgical procedure did not directly involve the dura mater,and no evident intraoperative dural tears were found.CASE SUMMARY We reported and discussed a case of ASSH complicating a posterior spinal instrumented fusion during surgery for paediatric congenital scoliosis.This condition has not been previously described.We made recommendations for facing such an occurrence,explored its aetiology in the context of malformation and discussed the benefits of neuromonitoring during scoliosis correction and the management protocol.We conducted a PubMed literature review for cases of paediatric ASSH and other closely related disorders.We reviewed recommendations regarding neuromonitoring and treatment management in such cases.CONCLUSION ASSH is a rare complication of posterior spinal instrumented fusion.Published cases are more often associated with anticoagulation therapy or coagulopathy.Neuromonitoring is strongly recommended to detect and assess neurological status,thus enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment and facilitating early spinal decompression and a return to a normal neurological status.

Research progress on the safety of nail placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity with unknown etiology and high incidence,especially in adolescent females.If scoliosis patients do not get effective treatment in the early stage,the degree of scoliosis will continue to worsen with the growth of age or the rapid development of scoliosis in a short time,and the appearance deformities such as high and low shoulders and razor back will gradually appear,which can affect the cardiopulmonary function and even shorten life expectancy.It has a great impact on the physical and mental health of the patients.Mild scoliosis is often well controlled by bracing,and moderate to severe scoliosis deformity often requires scoliosis corrective surgery.In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction,pedicle screws offer better stability and firmness,stronger orthopedic force,and lower incidence of related complications caused by instruments than traditional hook and conical internal fixation instruments.At the same time,scoliosis patients have uneven development of the left and right sides of the vertebral body,narrow diameter of concave pedicle and varying degrees of rotation of parietal vertebra,resulting in changes in the position of important anatomical structures such as spinal cord and thoracic aorta in the spinal canal.It makes it difficult to place pedicle screws,resulting in a high misplacement rate.How to improve the safety of screw placement,reduce the misplacement rate and the risk of spinal cord,nerve root,blood vessels,viscera and so on,has always been the focus of spinal surgeons.This paper summarizes the related literature on the effects of new techniques such as pedicle anatomy,complications of nail placement and computer navigation,and 3D guided template on the accuracy of screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients,and the safety of nail placement.In order to provide reference for clinical practice.

Accuracy of screw placement in the apical region of Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery using a calibration technique for the intraoperative navigation error

Objective:To study the position and the grade of screw perforation in the apical region of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS)surgery using a calibration technique for the intraoperative navigation error,and to analyze the related factors of navigation deviation and the clinical significance of the calibration technique.Methods:From 2017 to 2020,a total of 60 Lenke 1 AIS surgical cases were enrolled in this research.The 30 cases received surgery using the intraoperative navigation system(Navigation group)and another 30 cases were assisted with intraoperative navigation system with calibration technique(Calibration group)for the intraoperative navigation error.The basic information and radiological data of the both groups were all recorded.According to the Fu Chang-feng’s pedicle channel classification system,the pedicle on the apical region of the two groups was classified.And then the accuracy of screw placement of the two groups was evaluated according to the Rao’s classification.Results:A total of 600 screws were placed in the two groups.The 297 and 303 pedicle screws were implanted in the navigation group and the calibration group,respectively.In the apical region of the calibration group,the rates of the grade 0 screw placement in type A,B and C pedicle were 95.7%,86.7%and 68.9%respectively.It was a statistically significant difference from the 73.9%,66.9%and 30.0%in the navigation group respectively(P<0.05).In the calibration group,the rates of the medial cortical perforation in the type A,B,C and D pedicle were 0%,1.6%,1.6%and 0%,respectively.The corresponding rates were 16.3%,16.9%,30.0%and 47.6%in the navigation group,respectively.Moreover,in the concave side of the apical region of the calibration group,the rates of the medial cortical perforation in the type A,B,C and D pedicle were 0%,3.6%,2.6%and 0%,respectively.Compared with the calibration group,the corresponding rates were higher in the navigation group(34.4%,25.9%,37.2%and 60.0%,respectively).No serious complications such as spinal cord or neurovascular injury occurred for the two groups.Conclusion:Compared with the intraoperative navigation system,the calibration technique for the intraoperative navigation error could provide the higher accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the apical region of the major curve,the lower medial cortical perforation rate,the less screws misplacement rate on the concave side and the less complication rate of the severe Lenke 1 AIS patients.

Measuring the Level of Knowledge and Awareness about Scoliosis in Saudi Arabia

Background: Scoliosis is a serious condition occurring in 1% to 4% of the population. This study was conducted and designed to educate society about scoliosis and measure the knowledge and awareness about it. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on members of the Saudi Society who have consented to participate in this research between the 8th of January and 5th of February 2023. Results: A total of 427 people agreed to participate in the study. The highest percentage of the participants was female 69.1%. About 41% participants out of 427 were in the age group 18-25 years. Most of the participants were from the Middle Region. (71.9%) of participants were unfamiliar with scoliosis, while (72.1%) had no prior knowledge of the condition. Conclusion: This study indicates insufficient awareness and knowledge about scoliosis in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, further studies are needed to raise awareness about scoliosis and help people to learn more about this condition.

Pain and Radiographic Changes in Adult Scoliosis Patients Using a Scoliosis Activity Suit: Case-Controlled 10-Year Follow-Up Results

Scoliosis in adult patients is known to increase across the lifespan and increases the chance of chronic pain in later adulthood. Non-surgical scoliosis treatment options for adults are not widely recommended, largely due to lack of research in this area. Pain management options for adults are focused primarily on treating scoliosis-related pain, and not necessarily the scoliosis itself, such as epidural injections, prescription pain medications, and general physical therapy. Recent studies reporting non-surgical, scoliosis-specific treatment methods in adults are encouraging, but their study designs limit extrapolation. The current study reports the self-reported pain and radiographic outcomes in adult patients wearing a scoliosis activity suit for at least 10 years. A total of 22 patient charts that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for review. Cobb angle radiographic measurements and self-rated quadruple numerical pain rating scale (QVAS) at baseline and 10-year follow-up were used as the outcomes. Cobb angle measurements were compared at baseline and 10 years and subdivided according to scoliosis curve pattern. At 10 years, 68% of patients had improvements in their Cobb angle > 5˚, with an overall average of approximately 9˚. Significant differences were also observed in the 10-year Cobb angle measurements when compared to the predicted 10-year Cobb angles based on the established rate of linear progression in adults. A statistically significant change was also observed in the 10-year QVAS scores. These results suggest a potential role of the scoliosis activity suit for improving Cobb angles in adults and reducing scoliosis-related pain.

3D打印导板技术联合多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

背景:近年来,随着3D打印技术的发展,使得外科手术走向个性化、精准化。3D打印导板技术可实现术前规划、术中导航,使得外科手术更加精准。临床中重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯矫形术中仍面临置钉准确性不高导致螺钉松动甚至引起神经并发症的问题,现有关于3D打印导板技术指导重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯术中置钉的研究不多。目的:评价3D打印导向模板技术联合后路多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析3D打印导向模板椎弓根螺钉置入后联合施行后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度脊柱侧凸6例患者的临床资料,男3例,女3例,手术时年龄15-23岁,平均(18.17±3.49)岁。分析术后2周和术后18个月时脊柱侧弯相关参数的变化,进行统计学分析。结果与结论:(1)手术时间280-540 min,平均(340.83±102.20)min,术中出血量1000-4000 mL,平均(2000.00±1073.70)mL,固定节段9-14个椎体,平均(11.83±1.72)个椎体,矫形过程中未出现螺钉松动;(2)所有患者均获得随访,术后2周全脊柱正侧位片显示冠状位主弯的cobb角、冠状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1正中线的距离、矢状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1后缘的距离、顶椎偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角均获得明显矫正,主弯的cobb角平均矫正率62.22%,术后18个月随访各参数较术后2周无明显变化,矫形效果满意,无感染和内固定断裂;(3)围术期切口延迟愈合1例,经过换药处理瘢痕愈合,未出现神经并发症;(4)结果表明3D打印导向模板结合后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,矫形效果满意。

情景模拟联合PBL教学法在脊柱侧弯住培教学中的应用研究

目的 探究情景模拟联合以问题为导向的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)在脊柱侧弯住培教学中的应用效果。方法 将2020年1月—2021年12月在南通大学附属医院骨科参加住培的40名学员作为研究对象,并随机分为对照组(n=20,给予PBL教学法),观察组(n=20,给予情景模拟联合PBL教学法)。比较分析2组学员考核成绩、满意度及综合能力评价情况。结果在考核成绩方面,住培前2组学员考核成绩差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),住培后观察组学员理论与实践的成绩分别是(91.04±3.14)分、(92.33±3.57)分,均高于对照组学员的(81.75±2.97)分、(82.64±2.69)分,且观察组综合得分(91.47±3.26)分高于对照组学员的(82.01±2.54)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组对住培教学的满意度(95.00%vs. 70.00%)的差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。在综合能力评价方面,观察组学员综合评价总分(89.46±1.17)分,高于对照组学员的(70.27±1.22)分,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 在脊柱侧弯住培教学中实施情景模拟联合PBL教学法可以有效提高学员的理论知识水平以及实践操作能力,并且学员的综合能力显著提高。

中外脊柱侧弯矫形器的文献计量学与可视化分析

背景:脊柱侧弯主要指脊柱冠状位、矢状位和轴位上的序列异常,且Cobb角≥10°。脊柱侧弯患者会出现双肩不等高、背部不对称等症状,严重者可能会影响患者心肺功能,从而影响患者的日常生活。保守治疗可以控制其侧凸进展,避免后期手术。脊柱侧弯矫形器是目前保守治疗中较为有效的治疗措施。目的:对脊柱侧弯矫形器的国内外研究现状、热点及趋势进行总结分析,为相关研究提供参考。方法:以文献计量学与可视化分析为手段,用中外文献对比的方法,对近10年脊柱侧弯矫形器期刊文献进行分析。通过文献计量学得出脊柱侧弯矫形器研究的现状,使用Citespace软件对关键词进行重点分析,得出目前脊柱侧弯矫形器研究的热点及未来趋势。结果与结论:①目前脊柱侧弯矫形器文献数量仍处于波动上升趋势。中国和美国是主要研究国家,两者文献占比超过40%,但中国学者的外文文献平均引用率较低。②国内研究的基础领域主要为外科学与儿科学,而在国外主要研究领域是矫形学与临床神经学。国内中医学也有一定数量的文献,说明国内也从事中西医结合的方法治疗脊柱侧弯。国家自然科学基金在中外文献中的占比都是最高的,体现出该基金对脊柱侧弯矫形器研究的重视。③中外文献发文量最高的作者为邱勇和Negrini Stefano,发文最多的机构是南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院脊柱外科和UDICE-French Research University。国内外作者及机构有一定交流,但不密切,需要相关机构和学者进行进一步探讨研究。④从研究热点及未来趋势来看,主要治疗类型为青少年特发性脊柱侧弯,脊柱侧弯矫形器制作方式为3D打印,主要治疗指标为侧凸进展,治疗最终目的为提升患者的生活质量。

儿童脊柱侧弯术后白细胞计数升高的影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童脊柱侧弯术后白细胞计数(WBC)升高的影响因素。方法 分析首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院2017年1月至2021年7月因脊柱侧弯行手术治疗的81例患儿的临床资料,根据术后WBC是否超过正常值范围分为正常组(29例)和升高组(52例)。比较两组一般资料及实验室检查结果,采用单因素分析筛选潜在风险变量(P<0.2),采用多因素logistic回归模型分析术后WBC升高的危险因素。结果 两组年龄、性别、体重指数、主胸弯Cobb’s角、术前血红蛋白水平、生活地区、尿量、出血量、术后C反应蛋白水平、术后血红蛋白水平、术后住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组手术时间、术中补液量、分组补液量、术后血小板计数比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Cobb’s角、手术时间、分组补液量、术后血小板计数是术后WBC升高的影响因素(OR=0.973、1.012、0.129、1.023,P<0.05)。结论 儿童脊柱侧弯术后WBC升高可能与主胸弯Cobb’s角过大、手术时间过长、分组补液量≤20 ml/(kg·h)及术后血小板计数升高密切相关。

脊柱生物力学2023年度研究进展

脊柱是人体最重要的骨骼结构之一。它具有保护脊髓、支持体重、减缓冲击,并允许躯干灵活运动的功能。脊柱生物力学研究对于全面认识脊柱结构功能、疾病发病机制意义重大。2023年,国内外学者开展了大量脊柱相关的生物力学研究,包括脊柱基础生物力学的认知,病理条件下脊柱力学特性改变,以及基于生物力学研究基础设计的各种治疗脊柱疾病办法。本文着重分析脊柱生物力学2023年度研究进展,并以几种较为典型的脊柱疾病或病理状态为例进行详解介绍。

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后早期离床活动的研究进展

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸行后路矫形融合术患者术后早期离床活动可促进呼吸、胃肠、肌肉骨骼等多系统功能恢复,有利于预防肺部感染、压力性损伤和下肢深静脉血栓形成。文章综述了青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后早期离床活动的时机、内容、效果、影响因素、存在问题等研究进展,旨在为临床医护人员安全有效地指导青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后早期离床活动及相关研究提供参考。

上端融合椎的选择对Lenke 5C型特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后肩平衡的影响

目的评估Lenke 5C型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(Adolescent idiopathic Scoliosis,AIS)上端融合椎(The upper instrumented vertebra,UIV)为上端椎(The upper end vertebra,UEV)和UEV+1对患者术后肩平衡的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年12月48例Lenke 5C型AIS患者的资料,所有患者均行后路矫形选择性胸腰椎融合术,根据UIV和UEV之间的关系,将UIV作为UEV的设定为UEV组,将UIV作为UEV+1的设定为UEV+1组,比较两组影像学参数和临床结果的异同。结果48例患者均随访2年以上,UEV组26例,UEV+1组22例。UEV+1组术后末次随访时TL/L矫正率明显高于UEV组(73.14%vs 63.71%,P<0.05),UIV倾斜度明显降低,影像学的肩高度差(RSH)绝对值显著增加(7.63 mm vs 0.72 mm,P<0.05),冠状面失衡绝对值显著增加(12.02 mm vs 4.81 mm,P<0.05)。UEV+1组术后肩失衡(RSH≥20 mm)发生率明显高于UEV组。两组在矢状位排列和患者预后方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论当UIV选择为UEV+1时,TL/L矫正率提高,但增加了肩和冠状面失衡的风险,临床应尽可能选择UEV作为UIV,以维持AIS患者肩平衡。

下肢锻炼装置在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后直腿抬高训练中的应用效果研究

目的:分析应用团队自主研发的下肢锻炼装置对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后直腿抬高训练效果的影响,为临床实践提供依据。方法:采用方便抽样的方法,纳入2021年1月至2022年12月入住北京市某三级甲等医院骨科且符合纳入和排除标准的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者为研究对象,共计119例,按随机数字表法分为实验组62例、对照组57例。对照组使用传统的宣教方法,责任护士指导并督促患者进行直腿抬高训练;实验组在此基础上,责任护士使用下肢锻炼装置对患者进行直腿抬高训练的指导和督促,比较两组研究对象直腿抬高训练的完成情况及效果。结果:实验组的直腿抬高训练完成率及准确率更高,患者术后首次排气时间更短,患者功能锻炼满意度更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:下肢锻炼装置能够明显提高青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者术后直腿抬高训练的完成率及准确性,促进患者术后胃肠功能恢复,有效提高患者满意度。

经后路脊柱侧弯患儿术中压力性损伤风险预测模型的构建

目的探讨经后路脊柱侧弯患儿术中压力性损伤的高危因素,并构建相应的风险预测模型。方法2021年10月~2023年2月间长沙市三家三甲医院进行的经后路脊柱侧弯矫形手术的患儿237例。根据是否发生压力性损伤分为损伤组(31例)与未损伤组(206例)。利用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析筛选高危因素,并构建相应的风险预测模型。结果单因素分析结果显示,体质量指数(BMI)、术前皮肤情况、术前低蛋白血症、术前贫血、手术时间、术中体温和术中出血等因素与血管危象的发生有关。BMI、术前皮肤情况、术前低蛋白血症、手术时间和术中出血是影响经后路脊柱侧弯患儿术中压力性损伤发生的高危因素。基于高危因素建立列线图模型,其ROC曲线下面积为0.612,灵敏度为89.7%,特异度91.0%,说明本模型具有较好的风险预测能力。结论BMI、术前皮肤情况、术前低蛋白血症、手术时间和术中出血是影响经后路脊柱侧弯患儿术中压力性损伤发生的高危因素。