Cd在地肤[Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.]中的化学形态及亚细胞分布

为探究镉(Cd)在地肤[Kochia scoparia(L.)Schrad.]茎部与根系中的亚细胞分布特征,在不同pH和不同Cd浓度胁迫下,对成熟期地肤生物量及Cd在地肤根系、茎部的积累状况和化学形态特征进行研究。结果表明:所有处理地肤茎部生物量均高于根系,当Cd添加量为1.5~3.0 mg·kg^(-1)时,T处理(pH 6.1)地肤总生物量高于TS处理(pH 5.0);地肤将58.09%~89.35%的Cd积累在茎部,所有处理地肤Cd的富集系数大小为茎>根系,表明地肤茎对Cd的积累能力强于根系,且在Cd添加量为1.5~9.0 mg·kg^(-1)时,T处理地肤茎Cd积累量高于TS处理;地肤根系和茎中超过85%的Cd贮存在细胞壁与液泡中,表明二者是地肤细胞中Cd区室化分布和解毒的重要场所;地肤根系细胞器Cd所占比例低于地肤茎部,这也是地肤将更多的Cd富集在茎部的一个重要原因;地肤茎和根系中均以移动性和毒性相对较低的醋酸提取态、氯化钠提取态及乙醇提取态Cd分配比例最大(T为82.96%~88.17%;TS为83.70%~89.70%),其中醋酸提取态含量最高(T为37.31%~56.24%;TS为40.98%~52.32%),氯化钠提取态与乙醇提取态Cd含量接近,这种Cd赋存形式是地肤降低Cd生物有效性和减少Cd毒害的一种重要防御机制。当土壤pH为6.1和Cd添加量为1.5 mg·kg^(-1)时,地肤对土壤Cd的解毒较好。研究表明,地肤具有对不同Cd胁迫水平的耐性,且对酸性土壤有较强的适生性,因此适用于湖南地区酸性农田土壤的修复治理。

深海来源帚状弯孢聚壳菌(Eutypella scoparia W2)的化学成分研究

目的 研究深海来源帚状弯孢聚壳菌的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶色谱、高效液相色谱等现代色谱分离技术,对帚状弯孢聚壳菌的发酵粗提物进行系统的分离纯化,对所获得的化合物采用核磁等波谱数据分析,最终确定其化学结构,并对其进行抑菌活性测试。结果 从帚状弯孢聚壳菌中分离获得了6个天然化合物,分别鉴定为penicopeptide A(1)、viridicatin(2)、cyclopenol(3)、ergosterol peroxide(4)、pestalotiopin A(5)、4-methyl-5,6-dihydropyren-2-one(6)。6个化合物对4种致病菌均未显示出很强的抑制活性(在20μmol·L^(-1)浓度下,抑菌率低于50%)。结论 化合物1、2、3、5、6均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。

茵陈水提物对多药耐药蛋白3基因突变致新生儿肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积的保护作用

目的探讨茵陈水提物对多药耐药蛋白3(MDR3)基因突变导致的新生儿肠外营养相关性胆汁淤积(PNAC)的保护作用及可能机制。方法①将人原代培养肝细胞应用体外细胞培养、CRISPR/Cas9慢病毒感染、MDR3突变基因导入等技术处理后,比较1%脂肪乳诱导处理前(0)和处理后16、32、48 h不同时间点肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标〔丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、间接胆红素(IBil)、总胆汁酸(TBA)〕的水平,确定构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需的时间。②将人原代培养肝细胞株按随机数字表法分为空白对照组、MDR3基因野生型组、MDR3基因突变组、茵陈水提物干预组。空白对照组只用培养液处理,MDR3基因野生型组应用慢病毒感染融入野生型MDR3基因和培养液培养,MDR3基因突变组应用慢病毒感染慢病毒导入MDR3(c.485T>A、c.2793insA、c.1031G>A、c.3347G>A)突变基因和培养液培养,茵陈水提物干预组应用慢病毒感染导入MDR3突变基因和培养液培养的基础上,加入100 g/L茵陈水提物预处理,然后将4组肝细胞分别加入1%脂肪乳诱导处理,处理时间为构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需时间。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定4组肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测4组肝细胞编码MDR3、胆盐输出泵(BSEP)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)2~4和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的三磷酸腺苷结合盒蛋白(ABCB4、ABCB11、ABCC2、ABCC3、ABCC4)和TNF基因mRNA的表达丰度。结果与空白对照组和MDR3基因野生型组比较,MDR3基因突变组在经1%脂肪乳诱导处理前和处理后16 h肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平比较差异无统计学意义,经1%脂肪乳诱导处理32 h和48 h MDR3基因突变组肝细胞上清液肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、IBil、TBA)水平均明显升高(均P<0.05),确定构建MDR3基因突变PNAC肝细胞模型脂肪酸诱导所需的时间为32 h。与MDR3基因突变组比较,茵陈水提物干预组肝细胞在脂肪乳处理后32 h肝细胞上清液中肝胆生化指标(ALT、AST、TBil、DBil、TBA)水平均明显降低〔ALT(ng/L):148.3±2.3比164.9±7.0,AST(ng/L):2767.4±78.8比3239.4±107.1,TBi(lμmol/L):7.6±0.2比13.6±0.3,DBi(lμmol/L):1.8±0.1比5.7±0.2,TBA(μmol/L):3.4±0.2比6.7±0.1,均P<0.05〕;空白对照组、MDR3基因野生型组、MDR3基因突变组和茵陈水提物干预组肝细胞编码MDR3、MRP2、MRP3、MRP4的ABCB4、ABCC2、ABCC3、ABCC4基因mRNA表达丰度差异无统计学意义;TNF基因mRNA在MDR3基因突变组呈高表达(2-ΔΔCt:1.258±0.200比1.001±0.052),茵陈水提物干预组呈低表达(2-ΔΔCt:0.387±0.247比1.258±0.200),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与MDR3基因突变组比较,茵陈水提取物干预组肝细胞编码BSEP的ABCB11基因mRNA的表达丰度明显增高(2-ΔΔCt:2.955±0.479比1.333±0.529,P<0.05)。结论茵陈水提物对MDR3基因突变导致的PNAC有一定保护作用,可能与拮抗炎症反应,降低TNF基因的mRNA表达和改善编码BSEP的ABCB11基因的mRNA表达有关。

气候变化背景下青藏高原东部猪毛蒿物候的变化规律和影响因素

近几十年来青藏高原正经历着广泛而深远的气候变化,这种变化对当地物种的物候及分布格局产生了显著影响。猪毛蒿作为干旱半干旱地区的优势物种和影响群落稳定性的关键物种,青藏高原东缘是其重要的分布区域之一,然而其物候将如何应对气候变化目前我们尚不清楚。为此,基于青海省东部连续20年的气象数据和原位物候观测实验,探讨猪毛蒿物候的变化规律及量化不同气候因子的相对贡献率。结果表明:1)过去20年间年均温和年均每日日照时长分别呈现出显著的上升和下降趋势,而年降水和年均每日最大风速没有显著的变化;2)20年间猪毛蒿返青-开花的时间间隔和开花-结果的时间间隔并未表现出显著的变化趋势,结果-枯黄的时间间隔显著缩短;3)所有气候因子均对猪毛蒿不同物候的时间间隔有显著影响,其中最大风速是影响猪毛蒿物候时间间隔最重要的气候因子。这一研究发现可以为气候变化情景下青藏高原高寒植物的保护和利用提供理论依据。

茵陈化学成分、药理作用及在肝胆疾病中的临床应用研究进展

茵陈为肝胆系疾病常用中药,是经典利湿退黄药,具有清热利湿、利胆退黄的功效,其主要化学成分包括黄酮类、香豆素类、有机酸类、挥发油类化合物等;现代药理研究表明其具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗癌、抗糖尿病及代谢综合征等作用,临床上主治黄疸尿少、湿温暑湿、湿疮瘙痒,治疗疟疾、肝炎、胆石症、胆囊炎、肝癌等疾病。对茵陈中的化学成分、药理作用机制、在肝胆系疾病的临床应用进行全面总结及分析,以期为茵陈的进一步开发和利用提供参考。

不同栽培密度对茵陈生长及药材质量的影响

[目的]考察不同栽培密度对茵陈产量及其主要功效成分合成累积的影响,确定适宜的栽培密度,以提高药材品质。[方法]设置8组不同栽培密度的试验田,分别为15 cm×20 cm(M1)、15 cm×25 cm(M2)、15 cm×30 cm(M3)、20 cm×20 cm(M4)、20 cm×30 cm(M5)、25 cm×20 cm(M6)、25 cm×25 cm(M7)、25 cm×30 cm(M8)。基于不同采收期进行采收,测定生长指标及主要成分含量,并进行主成分分析。[结果]随着栽培密度的减小,茵陈株高、叶柄长度和单株鲜质量逐渐增长,分枝数增加,成活率、茎粗和小区产量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但茵陈叶长、叶宽无明显变化规律。随着栽培密度的减小,茵陈药材中挥发油含量逐渐增加,总黄酮、绿原酸、咖啡酸及3,5-O二咖啡酰基奎宁酸含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,且不同栽培密度条件下的茵陈药材绿原酸含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》限量标准。基于茵陈产量和药效成分含量信息,综合主成分分析对结果进行评价,推荐茵陈的最佳栽培密度为25 cm×20 cm(M6)。[结论]适宜的栽培密度能够有效提高茵陈的产量和品质,为进一步茵陈大田标准化、规模化种植体系的建立提供了科学实验数据支撑。

茵陈标准汤剂与其饮片中的化学成分比较

目的 比较茵陈标准汤剂及其饮片中的化学成分,为阐明其药效物质奠定基础。方法 制备茵陈标准汤剂和饮片供试品溶液,采用超快速液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)技术在负离子模式下进行检测,利用PeakView 1.6质谱分析软件提取各样品总离子流图,通过与对照品、文献数据、化合物在线检索数据库PubChem等比对,鉴定茵陈标准汤剂及其饮片中的化学成分,并进行差异成分分析。结果 在茵陈标准汤剂及其饮片中共鉴定出化学成分125个,包括有机酸类成分50个、黄酮类成分39个、香豆素类成分3个、氨基酸类成分2个、木脂素类成分5个、其他类成分26个。茵陈标准汤剂中的3-甲氧基-咖啡酸-4-O-葡萄糖苷、对羟基苯甲酸、咖啡酸4-O-葡萄糖苷、spiraeoside、phenyl β-D-glucoside未在其饮片中检测到,而饮片中的6′-6′绿原酸二聚体、槲皮素-5-葡萄糖苷、apigenin 7-methyl ether 5-(6″-malonylglucoside)、槲皮素-3-O-阿拉伯糖苷、6″-caffeoylhyperin、6-O-caffeoyl-D-glucoside未在标准汤剂中检测到。结论 茵陈饮片中的大部分成分传递到了标准汤剂中,但有少数成分在煎煮过程中全部或部分发生了化学反应,在标准汤剂中转化成了其他成分或形成了新成分。

中医药治疗酒精性肝病的组方用药规律及作用机制研究

目的基于数据挖掘和网络药理学技术研究中医药治疗酒精性肝病(ALD)的组方用药规律及潜在作用机制。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和维普中文期刊收录的中医药治疗ALD的相关方剂,根据筛选条件整理后,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0、IBM SPSS Modeler 18软件对纳入方剂的中药进行组方规律、关联规则分析,归纳中药治疗ALD的用药规律,获得核心药物组合。以网络药理学技术,筛选中医药干预ALD核心药物组合的活性成分及其作用靶点;用基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)对主要作用靶点进行富集分析,并以分子对接技术加以验证。结果共纳入治疗ALD的方剂143首,涉及中药222味,使用频次≥25次的高频中药28味,关联规则分析得到8个核心药物组合。其中“茯苓-白术-茵陈”与ALD交集靶点215个,包括蛋白激酶B(AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、血管内皮生长因子A(VEGFA)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、非受体酪氨酸激酶(SRC)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)等6个核心靶点,涉及信号通路168条,主要包括癌症通路、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路、化学致癌-活性氧及脂质-动脉粥样硬化等。分子对接结果显示啤酒甾醇、芫花素、去甲氧基茵陈色原酮等主要活性成分与AKT1结合能力较好。结论核心药组“茯苓-白术-茵陈”的主要活性成分可通过作用于AKT1、TNF、VEGFA等关键靶点蛋白,参与PI3K/AKT等关键信号通路的调控,进而发挥抑制炎症反应及细胞凋亡、减缓肝纤维化、促进肝细胞修复的作用,可为中医药治疗ALD研究提供数据支撑与理论指导。

地肤对土壤镉胁迫的生理生化响应

为探究地肤对酸性土壤中重金属镉(Cd)污染的抗性和敏感性,分别在初始土壤pH值6.1(T处理组)、pH值5.0(TS处理组)条件下,设置不同浓度Cd(1.253、1.553、2.153、2.753、4.253和10.253 mg/kg)胁迫盆栽控制试验,研究了2种pH值和不同Cd浓度处理对地肤生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:(1)Cd胁迫对地肤根总长度、总表面积、总体积、平均直径及根尖数影响均不明显,其中1.253~2.753 mg/kg Cd胁迫下的地肤根、茎及全株生物量变化较小,对土壤镉的耐受性较强,且能较好地适应偏酸性土壤环境;T处理组地肤根系生长发育整体上优于TS处理组。(2)土壤镉含量对地肤光合作用的抑制性不明显,但土壤pH值降低会提高地肤叶片光合色素含量。(3)地肤根部SOD、POD活性、MDA含量整体上高于茎部,相同Cd浓度处理下,土壤pH值升高会提高地肤根茎SOD活性,降低MDA含量。地肤的抗氧化酶系统在防御土壤镉污染胁迫方面起到显著保护作用。

多效唑·矮壮素对红叶地肤矮化效果研究

[目的]探究多效唑和矮壮素对红叶地肤的矮化效应,培育矮化冠幅饱满观赏型红叶地肤,为提高红叶地肤观赏效果提供参考。[方法]以2个红叶地肤品种为材料,采用不同浓度植物生长延缓剂、不同的质量浓度进行矮化处理,测定不同处理株高、冠幅和主茎粗度生长指标。[结果]2种延缓剂和不同的质量浓度对苗高生长和冠幅生长的影响存在显著差异。从矮化效果来看,多效唑处理中,1000 mg/L对红叶地肤苗高矮化、冠幅和主茎粗度降低效果最好,2000 mg/L次之;矮壮素处理以4000 mg/L对红叶地肤苗高矮化和冠幅降低效果最好,8000 mg/L处理次之。从观赏效果来看,500 mg/L多效唑处理对红羽毛矮化观赏效果最佳,8000 mg/L矮壮素处理次之;2000 mg/L矮壮素处理对早生红火焰矮化观赏效果最佳,2000 mg/L多效唑处理次之。[结论]多效唑和矮壮素均可有效抑制红叶地肤的苗高生长和冠幅生长,提高其整体观赏效果。

Analysis of Organic Acids Accumulated in Kochia Scoparia Shoots and Roots by Reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Under Salt and Alkali Stress

Several organic acids accumulated in Kochia Scoparia shoots and roots were studied by means of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column. Five types of binary organic acids were separated. The organic acid concentrations were determined in K. Scoparia seedlings stressed by saline （NaCI） and alkaline （NaHCO3） at the same Na^＋ concentration. Concentrations of organic acids are stimulated by alkaline because the cells will adjust their pH values through the accumulation of organic acids, when the environment is basic. The concentrations of oxalic acid and succinic acid are higher than those of other organic acids, including tartaric acid and malic acid, and the concentration of citric acid is the lowest. The concentrations of the organic acids in the roots are higher than those in the shoots under salt（NaCI） stress, but the results are opposite while the roots are under alkali （ NaHCO3 ） stress. This indicates that there are different adaptive strategies for K. Scopar/a seedlings in organic acid metabolism under salt and alkali stress.

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Amygdalus scoparia Spach plantations and a natural stand

The biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) was surveyed in the Kolm region of Iran in three adjacent sites, a natural stand, a 10-year-old and a 15-yearold plantation of Amygdalus scoparia. To date, there have been few studies of AMF biodiversity in Iran, especially in the western forests of the country. For this study, soil and root samples were taken from A. scoparia rhizosphere soil in spring and autumn. Almost half of the root length was colonized by AMF. We identified 13 AMF species belonging to Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae or Diversisporaceae. The three plantations differed in terms of soil electrical conductivity, organic C and P. Spore density was significant correlated with P concentration. Root length colonization was correlated only with soil Ca.Species diversity and richness were significantly correlated with soil N, P, organic C and spore density. AMF diversity in 15-year-old plantations was more similar to that in the natural stand than in the 10-year-old plantation. We confirmed that a 15-year-old plantation is not similar in terms of AMF colonization to natural stands. We conclude that more than 15 years are required for AMF colonization of plantations to resemble that of natural stands.

Cytokinin induced shoot regeneration and flowering of Scoparia dulcis L.(Scrophulariaceae)-an ethnomedicinal herb

Objective:To develop an improved protocol for micropropagation of ethnomedicinally important Scoparia dulcis(S.dulcis) L.Methods:Explants were inoculated on MS basal medium supplemented with kinelin and 6-benzylaminopurine for shoot bud induction.To enhance the shoot induction,various auxins like 3-indoleacetic acid or 3-indolebutyric acid or a-naphthylacetic acid were tested along with 2.32 M KI and 4.44 μ M BAP.The regenerated shoots were rooted in half strength MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of IAA,IBA or NAA.After roots were developed,the plantlets were transplanted to pots filled with vermiculate and sand and kept in growth chamber with 70%-80%humidity under 16 h photoperiod.After acclimatization,the plantlets were transferred to the garden and survival percentage was calculated.Data were statistically analyzed and means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test(P<0.05).Results:An in vitro method was developed to induce high frequency shoots regeneration from stem,mature leaf and young leaf explants of S.dulcis.Shoot induction on young leaf explants was most successful in MS medium supplemented with combination of two cytokinins(2.32 μ M KI and 4.44 μ M BAP) 2.85 μ M IAA,10%CM and 1 483.79 μM adenine sulfate.A single young leaf explant was capable of producing 59 shoots after 13 days of culture. Flower was induced in medium supplemented with combination of KI and BAP.Conclusions: Cytokinins are the key factor to induce the direct shoot regeneration and flowering of S.dulcis.

Expression Profiles of <i>psbA, ALS, EPSPS</i>, and Other Chloroplastic Genes in Response to PSII-, ALS-, and EPSPS-Inhibitor Treatments in <i>Kochia scoparia</i>

Kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.), also known as tumbleweed, is an economically important annual C4 broadleaf weed found throughout the US Great Plains. Several herbicides with different modes of action are used in the management of kochia. The effect of commonly used herbicides on the expression of their target site(s) and photosynthetic/chloroplastic genes is poorly understood in weed species, including kochia. The objective of this research was to characterize the expression profiles of herbicide target-site genes, KspsbA, KsALS, and KsEPSPS upon treatment with PSII- (e.g. atrazine), ALS- (e.g. chlorsulfuron), and EPSPS- (e.g. glyphosate)-inhibitors, respectively, in kochia. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis (e.g. KsRubisco, KsCAB, and KsPPDK) was also determined in response to these herbicide treatments. KspsbA was strongly upregulated (>200-fold) 24 h after atrazine treatment. Transcript levels of the KsALS or KsEPSPS genes were 7 and 3-fold higher 24 h after chlorsulfuron or glyphosate treatment, respectively. KsRubisco, a Calvin cycle gene important for CO2 fixation, was upregulated 7 and 2.6-fold 8 and 24 h after glyphosate and chlorsulfuron treatments, whereas it downregulated 8 and 24 h after atrazine treatment. The transcript levels of KsPPDK remained unchanged after glyphosate treatment but increased 1.8-fold and decreased 2-fold at 24 h after chlorsulfuron and atrazine treatments, respectively. KsCAB remained unchanged after chlorsulfuron treatment, but was downregulated after glyphosate and atrazine treatments. The results show that herbicide treatments not only affect the respective target-site gene expression, but also influence the genes involved in the critical photosynthetic pathway.

Extraction Process of Volatile Oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba

[Objectives]To obtain the optimal extraction process parameters of volatile oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.[Methods]The controlled variable method was used to take the extraction amount of volatile oil as the evaluation indicator,and the effects of single factor solid-to-liquid ratio,soaking time and extraction time on the yield rate of volatile oil were investigated.[Results]When the solid-to-liquid ratio reached 1∶12,the soaking time reached 3 h,and the extraction time reached 2 h,the yield of volatile oil was the highest.[Conclusions]The conditions of this process are stable and feasible,and it is expected to provide a certain reference for extracting volatile oil from Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.

镉胁迫对2种酸性土壤地肤生长及其修复镉能力的影响

针对南方农田酸性土壤重金属镉(Cd)污染突出的问题,分别以初始镉(Cd)(1.253,1.553,2.153,2.753,4.253,10.253mg/kg)胁迫及pH值6.10(T处理组)、pH值5.00(TS处理组)下的样土为盆栽土壤,选取地肤为修复植物,通过温室盆栽控制实验研究Cd污染土壤中地肤的耐性以及初始土壤pH值和Cd浓度对地肤提取土壤中Cd能力的影响.结果表明,所有处理组成熟期地肤茎生物量均高于地下根系生物量;T处理组地肤的根际土、非根际土有效态Cd含量均高于TS处理组;所有处理组地肤的茎部Cd含量均高于根系(即根茎转移系数大于1),且根系和茎部的富集系数均大于1.通过对地肤种植前后土壤镉含量进行对比分析结果显示,T和TS处理组每盆地肤对Cd的去除率分别为0.84%~1.85%、0.94%~2.38%,说明地肤对酸性土镉污染具有更好的修复效果.在T处理组,当土壤Cd浓度为2.753mg/kg时,地肤对土壤Cd的去除率达到最高,为(0.62±0.16)%;在TS处理组,则是土壤Cd浓度为1.253mg/kg时的去除效果最佳,为(0.79±0.07)%.综合表明地肤对农田酸性土壤Cd污染具有较好的提取修复效果,是一种理想的目标修复植物.

Development of a marketable rice based herbal porridge suitable for diabetics from Scoparia dulcis

Consumption of herbal leafy porridges is a reputed dietary remedy among Sri Lankans in treating diabetes. The aim of the study was to develop a rice based herbal porridge [rice: fresh leaves: scraped coconut kernel 13 - 15: 25 - 30: 10 - 13 (w/w/w)] commercially with Scopariadulcis leaves which has proven antidiabetic effects and low GI (fresh porridge) which benefits diabetics. Two porridges with the same ingredient ratio were produced with different particle sizes. Porridge produced with 100% fine particles (extruded rice, leaves and scraped coconut mixed with rice powder) elicited a high GI for normal (92 ± 22) and diabetic (97 ± 20) subjects. The second porridge prepared with the minimum amount of extruded rice with other ingredients mixed with boiled and dried intact rice grains had a medium GI (normal 58 ± 11, diabetics 61 ± 11). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the peak blood glucose was observed in diabetic subjects for porridge 2 (12.4%) compared to porridge 1 (0.7%) when compared to glucose. The reason could be the significantly high (p0.5 mm) (63%) and minimum amount of extruded fine particles in porridge 2 compared to porridge 1 (1.3%).

<i>In Vitro</i>Conservation Tactics for a Sweet Genotype of <i>Amygdalus scoparia</i>, an Endangered Medicinally Important Tree Species by Propagation Using Synthetic Seeds

Bud stems arisen from in vitro cultures of A. scoparia were encapsulated in calcium alginate pieces for short term stockpile and germplasm interchange. The maximum frequency (88.96%) of conversion of encapsulated nodal segments into plantlets and the highest node number (7.20) was performed on a murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS medium) containing 2.2 μM banzyl adenine (BA). The highest length of re-growing shoots was achieved when MS medium was supplied with 2.2 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. However, the number of shoots produced was higher (5.30 and 5.10) on MS medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA and MS medium with 2.2 μM BA, respectively than on the hormone-free media. Treatment with 19.6 μM IBA resulted in the highest conversion of encapsulated nodal segments into plantlets. The frequency of conversion (89.6% - 88.6%) was retained at 25?C for up to 2 weeks without significant change. The highest frequencies (61.1%) of plantlet formation from encapsulated nodal segments were obtained by transferring synthetic seeds onto peat mass and perlite (2:1) (v/v) mixture substrate. When transplanted into the peat mass and perlite (2:1) (v/v) mixture, these plantlets showed greater plantlet high, leaf number, shoot number and root number per plantlet than those of the other substrates. The synthetic seed technology offered a promising way for short term storage without refrigerating, germplasm conservation exchange for improvement and an alternative clonal propagation method for this endangered genotype of A. scoparia.

Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. &Kitag from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China

The oils extracted by hydro distillation from the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia waldst. & kitag growing wild in two regions on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were analyzed by GC-MS. Eighty-three components were identified representing 97.5% of the total components detected. The major constituents of the oil from the samples obtained in the eastern of Riyue Mountain (2700 - 3200 m) were 2-ethenyl-naphthalene (45.1%), beta-pinene (11.2%), 3-carene (8.7%), 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- octatriene (7.9%), limonene (5.4%), alpha-pinene (3.5%) and beta-myrcene (2.0%). Whereas the oil from the plant collected in Qilian Mountain (3300 - 3500 m) was composed mainly of thujone (21.4%), 1,8-cineole (18.9%), camphor (9.1%), 4-methyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-3-cyclo hexen-1-ol (7.8%), 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (5.3%) and 2-isopropyl-5-methyl- 3-cyclohexen-1-one(5.0%).

茵陈中茵陈总黄酮的含量测定方法研究

目的:考察茵陈总黄酮含量的测定方法,测定总黄酮含量。方法:以茵陈为研究药材,芦丁为对照品,建立紫外分光光度法测定茵陈总黄酮含量,检测波长511 nm,评价总黄酮百分含量,筛选显色系统,考察不同提取方法。结果:运用醇提法,显色系统为亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠,芦丁浓度在5.5~27.5μg/mL时与吸光度呈良好的线性关系。结论:茵陈提取物紫外分光光度法含量测定及总黄酮含量测定方法准确可靠、简便可行,可为茵陈黄酮类化合物富集纯化提供理论依据。