Effects of Fungi Scratching on the Growth of North Cordyceps

[Objective] North Cordyceps is as valuable as the wild Cordyceps nensis on medicinal value, nutrients, and trace element contents, which attracts lots of researchers to explore the cultivation method. In order to master the best way to increase output, an experiment was conducted [Methods] To conclude the result, 100 boxes were chosen, of which 50 boxes were treated with fungiscratching in the same condition, based on comparisons of color changing and fruit body. [Results] The stroma have consistent length in good order ,but there is 1 box of scratching happened infections after operating. [Conclusion] Scratching can promote mycelium turning color better, shorter the cycle of fruiting, and prevent the phenomenon of ＂aside grass＂; and ＂no grass＂; effectively,al of this can make the North Cordyceps grow more dense and neatly.

Molecular dynamics simulation of the material removal in the scratching of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC substrates

Single crystal silicon carbide(SiC)is widely used for optoelectronics applications.Due to the anisotropic characteristics of single crystal materials,the C face and Si face of single crystal SiC have different physical properties,which may fit for particular application purposes.This paper presents an investigation of the material removal and associated subsurface defects in a set of scratching tests on the C face and Si face of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC materials using molecular dynamics simulations.The investigation reveals that the sample material deformation consists of plastic,amorphous transformations and dislocation slips that may be prone to brittle split.The results showed that the material removal at the C face is more effective with less amorphous deformation than that at the Si face.Such a phenomenon in scratching relates to the dislocations on the basal plane(0001)of the SiC crystal.Subsurface defects were reduced by applying scratching cut depths equal to integer multiples of a half molecular lattice thickness,which formed a foundation for selecting machining control parameters for the best surface quality.

Scratching and Turning Experiments on Machinability of Optical Glass SF6 in Diamond Cutting Process

To improve the machinability of optical glass and achieve optical parts with satisfied surface quality and dimensional accuracy, scratching experiments with increasing cutting depth were conducted on glass SF6 to evaluate the influence of cutting fluid properties on the machinability of glass. The sodium carbonate solution of 10.5% concentration was chosen as cutting fluid. Then the critical depths in scratching experiments with and without cutting fluid were examined. Based on this, turning experiments were carried out, and the surface quality of SF6 was assessed. Compared with the process of dry cutting, the main indexes of surface roughness decrease by over 70% totally. Experimental results indicated that the machinability of glass SF6 can be improved by using the sodium carbonate solution as cutting fluid.

Sex Differences in Scratching Behaviors Induced by Intradermal Injections of Pruritogenic Chemicals in C57BL/6 Mice

Pruritus is an individual unpleasant sensation of human sensory nervous system. In the physiological condition it excerts a self-protective mechanism to protect the skin against external harmful agents. Pruritoceptive itch is also a major symptom of skin disease and a common reason for consulting a dermatologist in clinic. It has been well known that both histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pathways mediate acute and chronic itch sensations. Previous studies have showed common neural pathways partially shared by itch and pain sensation, and significant sex differences in pain sensation. However, sex difference in itch sensation has not been given too much attention as the majority of itch studies were done in male mice or rats till now. In the present study, we compared the scratching behaviors induced by pruritogenic agents in male and female C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that both males and females exhibited scratching behaviors in response to the intradermal injection of histamine-dependent and histamine-independent pruritogenic chemicals. Moreover, the number of scratching behaviors in response to compound 4880 and chloroquine were significantly higher in females. These results suggested that sex differences occured in histamine-dependent compound 4880-induced and histamine-independent chloroquine-induced itch sensations, but not in histamine-independent SLIGRL-NH2-induced itch sensation.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of MasonryConsolidation Treatments Based on ScratchingTomography

A challenge in the restoration of historical buildings is strengthened in order to guarantee their durability and the evaluation of the correct identification of materials which need to be the results of consolidation treatments which may be applied during their repair. Methods which make such a complex characterization possible are rare. This paper presents an investigation carried out at the University of Mons （Belgium） in collaboration with the technical support and control unit, restoration directorate, of the Walloon region, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of consolidants used to strengthen stone masonry. The characterization of the materials is based on a novel semi-destructive scratching method which allows tomographic representation of the strength of the damaged and treated areas. This paper describes the experimental methodology and presents results from laboratory experiments as well as a case study.

21 CASES OF HERPES ZOSTER TREATED BY SCRATCHING METHOD WITH THREE-EDGED NEEDLE

In recent 2 years, the author used a three-edged needle to scratch the vesicles for treatment of herpes zoster and obtained good therapeutic results as reported in the following. General Data 21 cases were observed in this series, including 12 males and 9 females, with ages ranging from 4 to 72 years. The shortest disease course was 1 day and the longest. 2 weeks. Clinical Manifestations There were 15 cases with groups

Scratching by pad asperities in copper electrochemical-mechanical polishing

Low dielectric constant materials/Cu interconnects integration technology provides the direction as well as the challenges in the fabrication of integrated circuits(IC) wafers during copper electrochemical-mechanical polishing(ECMP). These challenges arise primarily from the mechanical fragility of such dielectrics, in which the undesirable scratches are prone to produce. To mitigate this problem, a new model is proposed to predict the initiation of scratching based on the mechanical properties of passive layer and copper substrate. In order to deduce the ratio of the passive layer yield strength to the substrate yield strength and the layer thickness, the limit analysis solution of surface scratch under Berkovich indenter is used to analyze the nano-scratch experimental measurements. The modulus of the passive layer can be calculated by the nano-indentation test combined with the FEM simulation. It is found that the film modulus is about 30% of the substrate modulus. Various regimes of scratching are delineated by FEM modeling and the results are verified by experimental data.

Investigation of Nanoscale Scratching on Copper with Conical Tools Using Particle-Based Simulation

In this study,a modeling approach based on smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)was implemented to simulate the nanoscale scratching process using conical tools with different negative rake angles.The implemented model enables the study of the topography of groove profiles,scratching forces,and the residual plastic strain beneath the groove.An elastoplastic material model was employed for the workpiece,and the tool–workpiece interaction was defined by a contact model adopted from the Hertz theory.An in-house Lagrangian SPH code was implemented to perform nano-scratching simulations.The SPH simulation results were compared with nanoscale scratching experimental data available in the literature.The simulation results revealed that the normal force was more dominant compared to the cutting force,in agreement with experimental results reported for a conical tip tool with a 60°negative rake angle.In addition,the simulated groove profile was in good agreement with the groove profile produced in the aforementioned experiment.The numerical simulations also showed that the normal and cutting forces increased with the increase in the scratching depth and rake angle.Although the cutting and ploughing mechanisms were noticed in nano-scratching,the ploughing mechanism was more dominant for increased negative rake angles.It was also observed that residual plastic strain exists below the groove surface,and that the plastically deformed layer thickness beneath a scratched groove is larger for more negative values of the tool rake angle and higher scratching depths.

构建scratch编程教学模式

随着科技的发展,编程学习已经成为小学生必学的知识。了解编程概念及技术,以及掌握相关技能,将在学生未来发展中影响重大,可使他们具备良好的创新能力和解决问题能力。因此,有必要研究Scratch编程教学模式对小学生编程学习的影响。在此背景下,本文从Scratch编程教学模式设计理念和定位、Scratch编程教学模式的主要组成部分Scratch编程教学模式构建的具体步骤以及建议等方面,对小学Scratch编程教学模式的研究进行探讨,以期使同仁们更好地了解Scratch编程教学模式对学生编程学习的影响。

Analytical model of friction behavior during polymer scratching with conical tip

To investigate the effects of the contact geometry, interfacial friction, and substrate recovery on the behavior of polymer scratching using a conical tip, an analytical model is proposed. The normal stress acting on the contact surface between the tip and the substrate is described as a function of the included angle θ, representing the angle between two planes across the axis of the conical tip, and the attack angle β, representing the angle between the conical surface and the substrate material surface. The effects of the rear contact geometry on the scratch friction between the tip and substrate, represented by recovery angle φ, owing to the instantaneous elastic recovery of the polymer substrate, are also introduced. Validated by the experimental and numerical results from the literature, the proposed analytical model can describe well the scratch coefficient of friction(SCOF), which is defined as the ratio of the tangential force to the normal force. Meaningful guidance is provided to understand the scratch friction behavior.

More than Scratching the Surface:Recent Progress in Brain Mechanisms Underlying Itch and Scratch

Itch(also called pruritus)is an unpleasant somatosensation that evokes a desire or reflex to scratch in humans and other mammals[1],Itch is now considered to be a unique sensory modality that is encoded by a labeled line that has genetically distinguishable neurons in the peripheral and central nervous systems[1],Acute itch evokes scratching that may help to remove potentially harmful irritants from the skin,which is believed to be evolutionarily important for survival.Pathological chronic itch often occurs in patients with inflammatory skin diseases,systemic diseases,and neurological conditions.Importantly,chronic itch causes uncontrollable itch-scratch cycles that induce skin damage,affect sleep,and seriously reduce the quality of life[2].At present,effective treatment for chronic itch is still lacking,possibly due to limited understanding of the mechanism of itch information-processing in the nervous system.Therefore,elucidation of the molecular,cellular,and circuitry mechanisms of itch will eventually help to develop new effective strategies for the management of chronic itch.

基于课程思政的初中Scratch编程大单元教学改革

从大单元教学体系特征、实现路径以及课程思政的概念、内涵出发,探究课程思政与单元教学的契合点,分析二者的契合之处与不同之处,提出单元教学中的思政建设思路,以初中Scratch编程单元为例,具体阐述如何构建混合式双链交互课程思政单元教学模式,融合课程思政与单元教学内容,改革评价机制,最后说明改革效果。

混合式BOPPPS教学模式的Scratch编程教学设计

Scratch是一款由麻省理工学院开发的可视化编程软件。随着在线教学的蓬勃发展,针对融合“线上”+“线下”的Scratch教学需求增多的问题,研究通过课前、课中、课后三个环节展开教学活动,将混合式BOPPPS教学模式应用于Scratch教学,旨在提高学生的课堂参与度、学习深度、学习效果,以及实现良好的师生互动。本研究以主题为《植物大战僵尸》的Scratch教学为例进行教学设计,以此验证该教学模式的效果,并提出了针对该教学模式的建议,为广大教师提供参考和借鉴。

Adhesion property of AlCrNbSiTi high-entropy alloy coating on zirconium:experimental and theoretical studies

Experimental scratch tests and first-principles calculations were used to investigate the adhesion property of AlCrNbSiTi high-entropy alloy(HEA)coatings on zirconium substrates.AlCrNbSiTi HEA and Cr coatings were deposited on Zr alloy substrates using multi-arc ion plating technology,and scratch tests were subsequently conducted to estimate the adhesion property of the coatings.The results indicated that Cr coatings had better adhesion strength than HEA coatings,and the HEA coatings showed brittleness.The special quasi-random structure approach was used to build HEA models,and Cr/Zr and HEA/Zr interface models were employed to investigate the cohesion between the coatings and Zr substrate using first-principles calculations.The calculated interface energies showed that the cohesion between the Cr coating and the Zr substrate was stronger than that of the HEA coating with Zr.In contrary to Al or Si in the HEA coating,Cr,Nb,and Ti atoms binded strongly with Zr substrate.Based on the calculated elastic constants,it was found that low Cr and high Al content decreased the mechanical performances of HEA coatings.Finally,this study demonstrated the utilization of a combined approach involving first-principles calculations and experimental studies for future HEA coating development.

Three-Dimensional Density Distribution and Seismic Activity along the Guxiang–Tongmai Segment of the Jiali Fault,Tibet

The Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault is situated northeast of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis in northeastern Tibet.It is one of the most active strike-slip faults near the syntaxis and plays a pivotal role in the examination of seismic activity within the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis.New study in the research region has yielded a 1:200000 gravity dataset covering an area 1500 km^(2).Using wavelet transform multiscale decomposition,scratch analysis techniques,and 3D gravity inversion methods,gravity anomalies,fault distributions,and density structures were determined across various scales.Through the integration of our new gravity data with other geophysical and geological information,our findings demonstrate substantial variations in the overall crustal density within the region,with the fault distribution closely linked to these density fluctuations.Disparities in stratigraphic density are important causes of variations in the capacity of geological formations to endure regional tectonic stress.Earthquakes are predominantly concentrated within the density transition zone and are primarily situated in regions of elevated density.The hanging wall stress within the Guxiang-Tongmai segment of the Jiali fault exhibits a notable concentration,marked by pronounced anisotropy,and is positioned within the density differential zone,which is prone to earthquakes.

Cat scratch disease in children with nocturnal fever:A case report

BACKGROUND Cat scratch disease(CSD)is the most common human infection caused by Barto-nella henselae(B.henselae).The main manifestation is self-limited lymphaden-opathy that primarily affects adolescents,and typically resolves without treat-ment within 2-4 months.However,individuals with compromised immune systems or immunodeficiency require specific antibacterial therapy following diagnosis.Due to its low incidence,nonspecific clinical manifestations,and diagnostic limitations,this condition often poses challenges for clinicians in terms of missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses.CASE SUMMARY The child was ultimately diagnosed with CSD.The primary manifestations included nocturnal fever,enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck,axilla and groin,and suspected brucellosis;however,both brucellosis tests conducted during the course of the illness yielded negative results.Bone marrow cytology indicated stimulated proliferation.Lymph node biopsy indicated hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue in the cervical lymph nodes(right),with combined immunohisto-chemical findings indicating reactive hyperplasia.Immunohistochemical analysis revealed CD20 B(+),CD3 T(+),BCL-6(+),and BCL-2(-).CD21 FDC networks were present and Ki67 expression in the germinal center was~80%.Blood next-generation sequencing indicated B.henselae sequence number was 3.Serological test results demonstrated positive antibody response to B.henselae IgG(+),B.henselae IgM(+),Bartonella quintana(B.quintana)IgG(-)and B.quintana IgM(-),and the final diagnosis was CSD.CONCLUSION In patients presenting with fever at night and swollen lymph nodes of unknown origin,CSD should be considered.

词汇类型学视域下“爬”“挠”“刨”“挖”等动词的语义演变及共时语义关联

“爬”“挠”“刨”“挖”等汉语动词的历时语义演变路径,以及现代汉语方言中有关的同词化多义现象,表现出{挖掘}(DIG)、{搔挠}(SCRATCH)、{攀爬}(CLIMB)三个概念之间较强的关联性。汉语历时语料呈现的语义演变方向为SCRATCH→DIG或SCRATCH→CLIMB,具有单向性。这种语义关联模式符合一定的语言共性,可以得到词汇类型学跨语言考察的支持,同时,可以根据汉语实际为词汇类型学增补SCRATCH→CLIMB型语义关联。

小学信息科技大单元设计的价值与表达

大单元理念是学科课程教学变革的一个重要支点。在信息科技学科当中,大单元组织存在着概念抽象、情境传统、任务被动等技术性的现实束缚。基于大概念的“单元群”设计,以相互关联的小概念群为构建基础,以真实的技术情境场为载体,以完整开放的任务链为驱动,实现大单元理念下对学生素养发展的无限追求。

利用Scratch设计的教育游戏改进生物实验教学——以“性状分离比的模拟实验”为例

在教育质量与教育创新的双重驱动下,可尝试将教育游戏引入生物实验课堂,以弥补传统教学存在的不足。文章以“性状分离比的模拟实验”为例,使用Scratch编程软件设计教育游戏,并将教育游戏引入中学生物实验教学中,以期为教师提供新颖的教学形式,有效激发学生的学习动机和强化学生的学习效果。

新课标背景下信息科技跨学科主题教学的设计与实践——以“探秘‘天舟’”为主题

文章旨在探讨在《义务教育信息科技课程标准(2022年版)》指导下,如何有效整合现有教材和资源,以“探秘‘天舟’”为主题,设计并实施初中信息科技跨学科教学活动。信息科技课程具有基础性、实践性和综合性的特点,旨在培养学生的科学精神和科技伦理道德,增强自主可控意识,培育社会主义核心价值观,树立总体国家安全观,增强数字素养和技能。鉴于目前新教材尚在开发之中,文章提出以下设计与实施策略:结合图形化编程“身边的算法”“过程与控制”模块的相关要求,融合初中物理、道德与法治的学科知识,提供一条切实可行的跨学科教学路径。